• Archives of design research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2000

Human has been living in the relation with diverse artifacts ranging from simple tools to complex systems. The relation is an interaction between user and product with input and output process to achieve a certain goals. Natural inter-connection is very important to this interaction. The visualized operation and the dear feedback of product play a critical role in making input and output distinct at both sides. So product innovation means removing mental and physical loads between product and user based on understanding and analyzing interaction. This study proposes the interaction grid as a framework to visualize the interaction. The interaction grid is the format to describe the input and output process between user and product. Modeling and analysis of interaction is based on the interaction grid. Finally, this study discusses the idea exploration method for product innovation with interaction grid, and develops prototype of interaction analysis system for supporting idea exploration.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.53-72
• /
• 2004

Today we are observing a lot of injuries, casualties, and property losses that are mainly caused by the defects of products. In order to derive safety designs, which minimize the possibility of such product liability-related accidents, we need to take into account the user-product interaction as an important part of the danger factor analysis. Existing risk analysis techniques, however, have some limitations in detecting comprehensive danger factors that are peculiarly involved in human errors and the functional defects of products. Researches on danger factor analysis regarding the user-product interaction have been carried out actively in ergonomics. In this paper, we suggest a novel product risk analysis technique, which is more objective and systematic compared to the previous ones, by combining a modified TAFEI (Task Analysis For Error Identification) technique with SASA (Systematic Approach to Accident Scenario Analysis) technique. By applying this technique to the product design practice in industry, corporations will be able to improve the product safety, consequently strengthening the competitiveness.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.417-425
• /
• 2012

In recent years, great attention has been paid to using simple physical objects as tangible objects to improve user interaction in augmented reality (AR) environments. In this paper, we address AR-based user interaction using tangible objects, which has been used as a key component for virtual design evaluation of engineered products including digital handheld products. We herein consider the use of two types (product-type and pointer-type) of tangible objects. The user creates input events by touching specified parts of the product-type object with the pointer-type object, and the virtual product reacts to the events by rendering its visual and auditory contents on the output devices. The product-type object is used to reflect the geometric shape of a product of interest and to determine its position and orientation in the AR environment. The pointer-type object is used to recognize the reference position of the pointer (or finger) in the same environment. The rapid prototype of the product is employed as a good alternative to the product-type object, but various alternatives to the pointer-type object can be considered according to fabrication process and touching mechanism. In this paper, we present four alternatives to the pointer-type object and investigate their strong and weak points by performing experimental comparison of their various aspects including interaction accuracy, task performance, and qualitative user experience.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2008

An estimated 1 billion mobile phone were sold globally in the year 2006. In Korea, people watch television 3.17 hours in a day. Television isn't what it used to be. Digital TV provides both interactivity and high definition. Mobile phone also transferred from 2G to 3G or 3.5G. This means the complexity of TV and mobile phone is increased, design of user interface is more difficult. Unlike the personal computer industry, TV and mobile phone industries have no standard user interface. A comparative study for user interface between TV and mobile phone is studied. User, task, system are analyzed in requirement analysis. User interface model and interaction are also analyzed between TV and mobile phone. This study provides some insights for user interface design. First, the UI designer have to consider another products because one user using one product at the same time using another products. Experience for one product affects that for another product. Second, TV and mobile phone show very similar pattern, especially interaction task and input interaction. Third, there are not sometimes optimized experience between service operator and device manufacturer. Cooperative design between them is required.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.277-284
• /
• 2011

In tangible augmented reality (AR) environments for virtual prototyping, the user interacts with virtual products by manipulating tangible objects with his or her hands, but the user often encounter awkward situations in which his or her hands are occluded by augmented virtual objects, which reduces both immersion and ease of interaction. In this paper, we present how to resolve such hand region occlusion in order to enhance natural interaction and immersive visualization. In the AR environment considered, we use two types (product-type and pointer-type) of tangible objects for tangible user interaction with a virtual product of interest. Holding the tangible objects with his or her hands, the user can create input events by touching specified regions of the product-type tangible object with the pointer-type tangible object. We developed a method for resolving hand region occlusion frequently arising during such user interaction, It first detect hand region in a real image and refines the rendered image of the virtual object by subtracting the hand region from the rendered image, Then, it superimposes the refined image onto the real image to obtain an image in which the occlusion is resolved. Incorporated into tangible AR interaction for virtual prototyping of handheld products such as cellular phones and MP3 players, the method has been found by a preliminary user study that it is not only useful to improve natural interaction and immersive visualization of virtual products, but also helpful for making the users experience the products' shapes and functions better.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.28-29
• /
• 1999

제품을 사용한다는 것은 어떤 목적을 달성하기 위한 제품과 사용자 사이의 입력과 출력과정으로 해석할 수 있다. 이런 측면에서 제품과 사용자와의 관계를 고찰해 볼 때 최근에 부쩍 그 수가 늘어난 지능형 제품들은 이전의 제품들이 물리적이고 신체적인 자원의 투입과 이에 따른 기계적인 제품반응에 의해 사용자와 직접적이고 단순한 제어-피제어의 관계를 가졌던 것과는 달리 지적인 자원의 투입과 함께 제품으로부터 지적인 결과물을 출력받아 사용자가 이를 다시 해석해야하는 간접적이면서도 쌍방향적인 교류관계를 가진다.(중략)

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.25 no.8
• /
• pp.1156-1166
• /
• 2022

In this study, we examined voice shopping interaction in which consumers can be involved in the decision-making process. Sixteen kinds of voice shopping interaction were designed with differences in the existence of screen/product involvement/conversation style. Their effects on trust, cognitive load, satisfaction, and continuous intention to use were evaluated through a survey experiment. The main effect of conversation style was significant, and it was found that the more deeply involved users have higher trust. The interaction effect between conversation style and product involvement was also significant. Low involvement product buyers had the most positive user experience from the conversation style that included 'Ask for preference,' while high involvement product buyers had the most positive user experience from the conversation style that included both 'Ask for preference' and 'Question and Answer.' The main effect and interaction effect of the existence of screen was not significant. The results indicate that a positive user experience can be obtained when users are deeply involved in consumer decision-making, especially in purchasing high-involvement products.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose an AR-based tangible interaction using a finger fixture for virtual evaluation of digital handheld products. To realize tangible interaction between a user and a product in a computer-vision based AR environment, we uses two types of tangible objects: a product-type object and a finger fixture. The product-type object is used to acquire the position and orientation of the product, and the finger fixture is used to recognize the position of a finger tip. The two objects are fabricated by RP technology and AR markers are attached to them. The finger fixture is designed to satisfy various requirements with an ultimate goal that the user holding the finger fixture in his or her index finger can create HMI events by touching specified regions (buttons or sliders) of the product-type object with the finger tip. By assessing the accuracy of the proposed interaction, we have found that it can be applied to a wide variety of digital handheld products whose button size is not less than 6 mm. After performing the design evaluation of several handheld products using the proposed AR-based tangible interaction, we received highly encouraging feedback from users since the proposed interaction is intuitive and tangible enough to provide a feeling like manipulating products with human hands.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.14
• /
• pp.193-207
• /
• 1996

Until recently, ind ustrial designers designed the product packaging of Eletronic Media, and userInterface designers focused primarily on software design, But as computer related technology continues to evolve, this distinction has become ambiguous, As a natural consequence of these trends, industrial designers are getting more involved in user-interface design to develop interactive objects, Moreover, In the future, the whole Information of a product whIch means product packaging, marketing, training matenals, support as weIl as hardware and software will be regarded as a product, and user's entIre expenences including the material elements of product will be taken for the factors of user interface to expand the category of user interface design. The importance of interface design and its applications within industrial design has been stressed in the recent years, However researches on practical process in interface design developments have been rarely established. This paper aims to develop the interaction design process for the useful user-interface design by theoretical study and actual analysis of user-interface design.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2008

This paper presents a novel approach to design evaluation of portable consumer electronic (PCE) products using augmented reality (AR) based tangible interaction and functional behavior simulation. In the approach, the realistic visualization is acquired by overlaying the rendered image of a PCE product on the real world environment in real-time using computer vision based augmented reality. For tangible user interaction in an AR environment, the user creates input events by touching specified regions of the product-type tangible object with the pointer-type tangible object. For functional behavior simulation, we adopt state transition methodology to capture the functional behavior of the product into a markup language-based information model, and build a finite state machine (FSM) to controls the transition between states of the product based on the information model. The FSM is combined with AR-based tangible objects whose operation in the AR environment facilitates the realistic visualization and functional simulation of the product, and thus realizes faster product design and development. Based on the proposed approach, a product design evaluation system has been developed and applied for the design evaluation of various PCE products with highly encouraging feedbacks from users.