• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제12권5호_spc
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• pp.81-98
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 한국, 일본, 중국 유아들의 일상생활을 비교문화적으로 탐구하는 데에 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구는 한국, 일본, 중국의 3-6세 유아를 이머니 2,940명을 대상으로 유아의 하루일과 활동들을 설문지를 통해 조사하였다. 조사대상자들은 한국의 서울/경기에 거주하는 어머니 941명, 일본의 동경에 거주하는 어머니 1007명, 중국의 북경에 거주하는 어머니 992명이었다. 연구 결과 첫째, 하루일과 부분에 있어서 한국 유아들은 일본, 중국 유아들에 비해 기상시각 아침 및 저녁식사시각 취침시각이 모두 늦게 이루어지며, 수면시간 또한 일본, 중국외 유아들에 비해 짧은 편으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교육기관 부분에 있어서 중국, 일본, 한국 유아들 순으로 교육기관에 등원하였으며, 일본, 한국, 중국 순으로 귀가하는 것으로 나타났다. 평균 교육기관 재원시간은 중국이 가장 길었으며, 그 다음으로 일본의 보육시설, 한국의 보육시설, 한국과 일본의 유치원 순으로 나타났다. 또한 어머니들이 교육기관에 바라는 사항을 살펴본 결과 아이가 아플 때에도 교육기관에서 맡아주기를 가장 희망하였다. 셋째, 조사대상 유아들 중 한국은 72.6%가, 일본은 61.7%, 중국은 64.6%가 정규교육 이외의 조기 특기활동을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 활동유형으로 세 국가 모두 예체능 관련 활동과 영어를 많이 하고 있었는데, 한국은 학습지를 하는 비율이 일본, 중국에 비해 월등히 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 전자매체 사용에 있어서는 한국, 일본, 중국의 대다수 유아들이 거의 매일 텔레비전을 시청하고 있었으며, 게임은 일본 유아들이, 컴퓨터는 한국 유아들이 사용 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 전자매체의 경우 상대적으로 중국 유아들이 한국, 일본 유아들에 비해 그 사용비율이 현저히 낮았다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.61-118
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내외 프랜차이즈의 해외진출에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 국제프랜차이징연구의 전체적인 연구체계를 세워보고, 연구체계를 형성하고 있는 연구요인들을 확인하여 각 연구요소별로 이루어지는 연구주제와 내용을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 연구주제들을 제안하고자 한다. 주요한 연구요소들은 국제프랜차이징의 동기 및 환경 요소과 진출의사결정, 국제프랜차이징의 진입양식 및 발전전략, 국제프랜차이징의 운영전략 및 국제프랜차이징의 성과이다. 이외에도 국제프랜차이징 연구에 적용할 수 있는 대리인이론, 자원기반이론, 거래비용이론, 조직학습이론 및 해외진출이론들을 설명하였다. 또한 국제프랜차이징연구에서 보다 중점적으로 개발해야 할 질적, 양적 방법론을 소개하였으며, 마지막으로 국내연구의 동향을 정리하여 추후의 연구방향을 종합적으로 정리하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2002

교차로에서의 교통사고건수는 90년 이후로 계속 증가해오고 있는 추세이므로 교차로의 안전성을 증가시키기 위한 노력이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 신호 교차로의 도로조건, 교통조건 교통운영조건 등을 분석하여 안전성에 방해가 되는 요소들을 찾아내고, 그 요소들과 사고와의 상관관계를 이용하여 각 교차로의 안전을 평가할 수 있는 사고예측모형을 개발하였다. 또한 이 교차로사고예측모형은 사전에 위험요소들을 처리하여 적절한 교통안전 정책을 세우도록 방향을 제시하고, 교차로의 안전성을 높이려는데 목적이 있다. 교차로 내의 사고건수는 2001년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 1년 간의 원주시 교차로 사고건수 자료를 수집하였고, 각 교차로들의 도로조건, 교통조건, 교통운영조건은 현장 조사하여 수집하였다. 수집한 자료들을 1차 통계 분석한 결과 사고와 상관관계가 높게 나타나는 요소들로는 지역유형, 토지이용, 버스정차활동, 노상 주 정차 활동 전체교통량, 회전 교통량, 차로수, 도로폭, 교차로 면적, 주기, 시거, 회전반경 등으로 나타났다. 또한 위의 요소들을 가지고 2차 상관 분석한 결과 유의확률이 95%이상 만족하고, 각각의 독립변수들 간의 상관관계가 적어 사고율에 영향을 주는 변수로는 차로수, 회전반경, 시거, 주기가 선택되었다. 따라서 위의 요소들로 각 요소들의 분포현황에 알맞은 교통 사고예측 모형 식을 만들고, 일반적인 선형회귀모형과의 정확도를 비교하였다. 또한 국내 사고통계를 이용하여 사고건수의 분포도를 분석한 후 교차로의 위험 수준을 단계별로 분류하였다. 마지막으로 모형의 타당성을 검토하기 위해 Spearman 순위상관계수에 적용하였더니 결정계수 값이 0.985로 매우 유의 하다는 것과 모형식에서 구해진 각 교차로별 위험 순위도가 거의 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 실제사고건 수와 예측사고건수를 본 연구에서 분류한 위험수준으로 비교한 결과 교차로의 80%가 위험수준이 같다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.다는 일반적인 명령과 개별적인 행정행위를 구분하고 명령에 대하여도 취소소송의 대상으로 삼도록 하는 보다 명확하고 일관성 있는 논의전개를 제안하였다.수 있었다.로 첨가하여 48시간 배양한 후 암항원 유전자 발현성을 측정한 결과 세포주에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 대개 0.2 uM농도에서도 유전자 발현이 유도되었으며 1, 5 uM농도에서 매우 강하게 유도되었다. ADC 처리가 페암세포주의 MHC와 B7 발현을 증가시키는가를 알아보기 위해 1 uM 농도의 ADC를 72시간 처치한 후 FACS 분석을 실시한 결과 4개의 페암세포주에서 MHC 및 B7분자의 발현은 유도되지 않았다. 또 ADC농도가 세포성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 ADC를 0.2, 1, 5 uM농도로 96시간 처치 후 세포수를 측정하여 상대성장지수를 알아본 결과 ADC 처치 농도가 증가함에 따라 세포의 성장은 매우 감소하였다. 결론: 폐암세포주에서 ADC처치는 MAGE, GAGE 및 NY-ESO-1과 같은 세포독성 T 림프구 반응을 유도할 수 있는 암항원의 발현을 증가시킬 수 있으며, ADC의 세포독성과 항원 발현 유발시간을 분석할 때 1 uM 농도에서 48시간 처치한 후 ADC가 없는 배지에서 수일간 배양하는 것이 가장 효과적이라고 생각된다. 그러나, ADC를 처치하여도 MHC 및 B7의 발현의 변화는 없었으므로 ADC를 처치한 폐암세포를 암백신으로 사용하기 위해서는 MHC나 B7 및 cytokine의 발현을 증가시키는 추가적인 처치가 필요하다고 생각된다.ded.한 질소제거를 N-balance로부터 구해보면, R3 반응조의 경우가 가장 높은 제거율(40.9%)을 보였다. 이상의 결과들을 볼 때, Bncillus 균주는 호기적 탈질을 일으킬 수 있는 가능성이 있고, Bncillus 균주를 이용한 B3 공정은 탈질에 이용되는 탄소량이 거의 없고, 적은 alkalinity 소모에 의한 경제적 이익 등 장점을 가진 공정으로 보여 진다.수록 푹신한

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.200-211
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• 2022

청자 투각고리문 의자는 4점 일괄유물로 경기도 개성에서 출토된 것으로 전해진다. 청자 의자는 고려시대 당시 청자 제작기술의 우수성과 화려한 생활상을 보여주는 등 미술사적으로 가치가 높아 보물로 지정 관리되어 왔다. 그러나 일괄유물 중 1점의 경우 과거 수리 복원된 것으로, 처리 재료의 열화, 처리자의 미숙함 등으로 인해 미적가치가 하락되었고, 구조적으로 불안하여 재처리의 필요성이 제기되었다. 처리 전 보존상태를 조사한 결과, 물리적 손상은 전반적으로 제조상 결함부위를 중심으로 인위적 손상이 가중되어 구조적으로 취약한 상태를 보였다. 균열부위 및 탈락된 편은 접합면이 맞지 않고 접착제가 청자 표면에 흐른 자국과 접착제 표면에 분진 등 2차적 오염물이 생겨 변질된 상태였다. 수리복원 상태를 조사하기 위해 자외선과 확대현미경을 이용하여 균열부의 접합 부위의 위치와 범위, 상태를 파악하였다. 적외선분광 분석(FT-IR)과 휴대용 X-선 형광분석을 실시하여 보존처리에 사용한 재료를 분석한 결과, 접착제로 셀룰로오스계 수지와 에폭시계 수지가 사용된 것을 확인하였다. 또한 일부 힘을 받는 접합부위에서는 접합강도를 높이기 위해 접착제에 석고(CaSO₄·2H₂O) 또는 골분(Ca₁₀ (PO₄)₆(OH)₂)을 첨가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 상태조사 결과를 바탕으로, 유물의 보존처리는 기존 접합된 상태에서 전면 해체하고 물리적으로 취약한 부분을 중심으로 접합·복원을 통해 보강하는데 중점을 두었다. 기존에 사용된 접착제를 제거하고 해체한 결과, 청자 의자는 크게 상부와 하부, 굽다리, 일부 고리 문 등 총 6개 편으로 분리되었다. 해체 후 접합면에 남아 있는 잔류 접착제 및 오염물은 화학적 및 물리적으로 제거하고 스팀세척기로 파단면 세척을 통해 재접합의 효율을 높였다. 유물의 접합은 접합부위와 크기에 따라 접착제를 다르게 적용하였다. 편의 위치만 고정하는 접합부에는 시아노아크릴계 수지 Loctite^® 401을 사용하고 구조적으로 안정화시키는 부분에는 가역성을 위해 아크릴계 수지인 Paraloid^® B-72 20%(in xylene)로 단면처리한 후 에폭시계 수지 Epo-tek^® 301-2를 이용하여 접합하였다. 상·하부 접합 같이 힘을 받는 부위는 Epo-tek^® 301-2에 Kaolin을 첨가하여 접합강도를 보강하였다. 연속되는 문양으로 추정 가능한 고리문의 결실 부분은 SN-Sheet로 뼈대를 만들고 Wood epos^®로 파손단면을 연결하여 모델링하면서 고리문을 복원하였다. 그 외 접합하면서 생긴 복원 부위는 심미적 및 구조적 안정화를 위해 Wood epos^®로 메움처리하였다. 복원부위 및 메움처리한 부분은 추후 전시활용에 있어 이질감이 없도록 색맞춤하였다. 다양한 과학기술을 활용한 조사와 처리과정은 체계적으로 기록하여 보존 관리하는데 기초자료로 활용하도록 하였다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.71-110
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 항공권 예약 발권 웹사이트의 서비스 품질을 측정 뿐만 아니라 서비스 회복도 측정하고자 하였다. 또한 서비스 품질과 서비스 회복이 고객만족 및 충성의도에 미치는 영향관계를 실증하고자 하였다. 온라인 서비스 품질과 온라인 서비스 회복의 측정을 위해 Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Malhotra(2005)가 개발한 E-S-QUAL과 E-RecS-QUAL을 사용했으며, 했다. E-S-QUAL은 온라인 서비스 품질을 측정하는 도구로써, 효율성, 시스템 이용가능성, 이행성, 프라이버시의 4개 차원 22개 항목으로 구성된다. E-RecS-QUAL은 온라인 서비스 회복을 측정하는 도구로써, 반응, 보상, 접촉의 3개 차원 11개 항목으로 구성된다. 실증분석을 위한 설문조사는 항공사나 여행사의 웹사이트를 통해 국내 외 항공권을 구입해 본 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 실시하였는데, 총 400부가 회수되었고, 이 중 342부를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 실증분석을 위해 AMOS 7.0과 SPSS 15.0을 사용하였다. 먼저, SPSS 15.0을 사용하여, 요인점수를 이용한 회귀분석으로 가설검증을 한 결과, <가설 I-1, 2, 3, 4, II-1, 2, 3, III-1, IV-1>이 전부 채택되었다. 온라인 서비스 품질과 온라인 서비스 회복의 각 차원은 모두 전반적인 서비스 품질에 유의한 영향을 보였고, 전반적인 서비스 품질은 고객만족에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 고객만족 역시 충성의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 AMOS 7.0을 사용하여 모형 분석을 하였는데, 모형의 적합도는 가설검증을 하기에 합당한 수치가 나왔다. 이를 토대로 가설검증을 한 결과, <가설 I-1, 3, II-1, 3, III-1, IV-1>은 채택되었고, <가설 I-2, 4, II-2>는 기각되었다. 이 결과는 Parasuraman et al.(2005)이 주장한 것처럼 E-S-QUAL을 나타내는 데는 요인점수를 이용한 회귀분석이 더 적합하다는 것을 보여주는 것이라고 판단된다. 이를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점을 정리하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.155-175
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• 2017

최근 독감 예측이나 당선인 예측, 구매 패턴, 투자 등 다방면에서 웹검색 트래픽 정보. 소셜 네트워크 내용 등 거대한 데이터를 통해 사회적 현상, 소비 패턴을 분석하는 시도가 이전보다 늘어났다. 구글, 네이버, 바이두 등 인터넷 포털 업체들의 웹검색 트래픽 정보 공개 서비스와 함께 웹검색 트래픽 정보를 활용하여 소비자나 사용자와 관련된 연구가 실시되기 시작했다. 웹검색 트래픽 정보를 활용한 사회 현상, 소비 패턴 분석을 연구는 많이 수행되었으나, 그에 비해서 도출된 여행 수요 모델을 토대로 의사결정을 위한 실질적 대책 수립으로 이어지는 연구는 많이 진행되지 않은 실정이다. 관광산업은 상대적으로 많은 고용을 가능하게 하고 외자를 유치하는 등 고부가가치를 창출하여 경제 전체에 선순환 효과를 일으키는 중요한 산업이다. 그 중에서도 국내 입국외래객중 수년간 2위와의 큰 차이로 1위를 차지해왔던 중국 국적의 관광객 '유커' 및 그들이 지출하는 1인당 평균 관광 수지는 한국 경제에 매우 중요한 한 부분이다. 관광 수요의 예측은 효율적인 자원 배분과 합리적인 의사 결정에 있어서 공공부문 및 민간부문 모두 중요하다. 적절한 관광 수요 예측을 통해서 한정된 자원을 더욱 효과적으로 활용하여 더욱 많은 부가가치를 창출하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 중국인 인바운드를 예측하는 방법에 있어, 이전보다 더 최신의 트렌드를 즉각적으로 반영하고 개인들의 집합의 관심도가 포함되어 예측 성능이 개선된 방법을 제안한다. 해외여행은 고관여 소비이기 때문에 잠재적 여행객들이 입국하기 전 웹검색을 통해 적극적으로 자신의 여정과 관련된 정보를 취득하기 위한 활동을 한다. 따라서 웹검색 트래픽 수치가 중국인 여행객의 관심정도를 대표할 수 있다고 보았다. 중국인 여행객들이 한국 여행을 준비하는 단계에서 검색할만한 키워드를 선정해 실제 중국인 입국자 수와 상관관계가 있음을 검증하고자 하였다. 중국 웹검색 엔진 시장에서 80%의 점유율을 가지는 중국 최대 웹검색 엔진 '바이두'에서 공개한 웹검색 데이터를 활용하여 그 관심 정도를 대표할 수 있을 것이라 추정했다. 수집에 필요한 키워드의 선정 단계에서는 잠재적 여행객이 여정을 계획하고 구체화하는 단계에서 일반적으로 검색하게 되는 키워드 후보군을 선정하였다. 키워드의 선정에는 중국 국적의 잠재적 여행객 표본과의 인터뷰를 거쳤다. 트래픽 대소 관계 확인 결과에 따라서 최종 선정된 키워드들을 한국여행이라는 주제와 직접적인 연관을 가지는 키워드부터, 간접적인 연관을 가지는 키워드까지 총 세 가지 레벨의 카테고리로 분류하였다. 분류된 카테고리 내의 키워드들은 바이두'가 제공하는 웹검색 트래픽 데이터 제공 서비스 '바이두 인덱스'를 통해 웹검색 트래픽 데이터를 수집했다. 공개된 데이터 페이지 특성을 고려한 웹 크롤러를 직접 설계하여 웹검색 트래픽 데이터를 수집하였고, 분리되어 수집된 변수에는 필요한 변수 변환 과정을 수행했다. 자동화 수집된 웹검색 트래픽 정보들을 투입하여 중국 여행 인바운드에 대한 유의한 영향 관계를 확인하여 중국인 여행객의 한국 인바운드 여행 수요를 예측하는 모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 정책 의사결정 및 관광 경영 의사결정 같은 실무적 활용을 고려하여 각 변수의 영향력을 정량적으로 설명할 수 있고 설득이 명료한 방법인 다중회귀분석방법을 적용해 선형 식을 도출하였다. 수집된 웹검색 트래픽 데이터를 기존 검증된 모형 독립변인들에 추가적으로 투입함으로써 전통적인 독립변인으로만 구성된 연구 모형과 비교하여 가장 뛰어난 성능을 보이는 모형을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 검증하려는, 웹검색 트래픽으로 대표되는 독립변인을 투입한 최종 도출된 모형을 통해 중국인 관광 수요를 예측할 때 유의한 영향을 끼치는 웹검색 트래픽 변수를 확인할 수 있다. 최적 모형 설명력을 가지는 모형을 기반으로 최종 회귀 식을 만들었고 이를 '유커마이닝' 시스템 내부에 도입하였다. 데이터 분석에서 더 나아가 도출된 모형을 직관적으로 시각화하고, 웹검색 트래픽 정보를 활용하여 도출할 수 있는 인사이트를 함께 보여주는 데이터 분석 기반의 '유커마이닝' 솔루션의 시스템 알고리즘과 UX를 제안하였다. 본 연구가 제안하는 모형과 시스템은 관광수요 예측모형 분야에서 웹검색 트래픽 데이터라는 정보 탐색을 하는 과정에 놓인 개인들의 인터랙티브하고 즉각적인 변수를 활용한 새로운 시도이다. 실무적으로 관련 정책결정자나 관광사, 항공사 등이 활용 가능한 실제적인 가치를 가지고, 정책적으로도 효과적인 관광 정책 수립에 활용될 수 있다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2010

목 적: 컴퓨터의 보급으로 인터넷 사용이 보편화되면서 인터넷 중독에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 인터넷 중독의 정확한 병태생리에 대한 이해와 진단 기준은 아직 확립되어 있지 않다. 청소년은 발달 과정 중에 있기 때문에 인터넷 중독에 더 취약할 가능성이 있으며, 우울감과 수면 문제에 대한 이해가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 청소년의 인터넷 중독, 수면 양상, 그리고 우울감의 특징과 그 연관성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법:서울 시내 일 중, 고등학교의 중학교 2학년(155명), 고등학교 1, 2학년 학생(644명)을 대상으로 하였고 그 중 696명의 설문지를 분석 대상으로 하였다. 설문지에는 Young 인터넷 중독 척도(Young's Internet Addiction Scale, YI-AS), 피츠버그 수면의 질 척도(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality In-dex, PSQI), 우울감 척도(The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D), 그리고 인터넷 사용 패턴과 기본적인 인구학적 정보에 대한 질문들이 포함되었다. 연구 대상자들을 학년별, YIAS 점수에 따라 나누어 비교하였고, YIAS와 다른 변인과의 상관관계를 분석하였다(two-tailed, p<0.05). 결 과: 인터넷 중독군(internet-addicted, IA)은 14명(2.0%), 과사용군(over-using, ou)은 193명(27.7%), 비중독군(not-addicted, NA)군은 489명(70.3%) 이었으며, 전체 대상군의 평균 IAS 점수는 35.24점, PSQI 점수는 5.53점, CES-D 점수는 16.72점이었다. 평일 평균적인 수면 시간은 학년이 올라가면서 점점 감소하였다(F=51.909, p< 0.001). IA군, OU군, NA군으로 나누어 비교하였을 때 컴퓨터를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(96.36${\pm}$63.31분 vs. 134.92${\pm}$86.79분 vs. 213.57${\pm}$136.87분, F=34.287, p<0.001), 휴대용 전자기기를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(84.22${\pm}$79.11분 vs. 96.97${\pm}$91.89분 vs. 152.31${\pm}$93.64분, F=5.400, p=0.005)에 유의한 차이가 있었다. PSQI 총점(5.26${\pm}$2.97 vs. 6.08${\pm}$2.97 vs. 7.50${\pm}$4.41, F= 8.218, p<0.001)과 CES-D 점수(15.40${\pm}$8.08 vs. 19.05${\pm}$8.42 vs. 30.43${\pm}$13.69, F=32.692, p<0.001)에서도 유의한 차이가 있었다. YIAS 점수는 컴퓨터를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(r=0.356, p${\pm}$0.001), 휴대용 전자기기를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(r=0.136, p<0.001)과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. YIAS 점수와 PSQI 점수(r= 0.131, p=0.001), YIAS 점수와 CES-D 점수(r=0.265, p< 0.001), PSQI 점수와 CES-D 점수(r=0.357, p<0.001)는 서로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론: 인터넷 중독은 행위 중독의 한 가지로 여러 정신병리와 관련이 있을 뿐만 아니라, 수면의 질을 결정하는 여러 가지 요인들, 우울감과도 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 청소년의 인터넷 중독을 평가할 때 동반될 우울감과 수면 양상에 대한 고려가 함께 이루어지는 통합적인 접근이 필요할 것이다.