• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2016

Background: To protect the public from natural radioactive materials, the 'Act on safety control of radioactive rays around living environment" was established in Korea. There is an annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv for products, but the activity concentration limit for products is not established yet. Materials and Methods: To suggest the activity concentration limits for consumer goods containing NORM, in this research, we assumed the "small room model" surrounding the ICRP reference phantom to simulate the consumer goods in contact with the human bodies. Using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, we evaluate the effective dose rate for the ICRP reference phantom in a small room with dimension of phantom size and derived the activity concentration limit for consumer goods. Results and Discussion: The consumer goods have about 1600, 1200 and $19000Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ for $^{226}Ra$, $^{232}Th$ and $^{40}K$, and the activity concentration limits are about six times comparing with the values of building materials. We applied the index to real samples, though we did not consider radioactivity of $^{40}K$, indexes of the some samples are more than 6. However, this index concept using small room model is very conservative, for the consumer goods over than index 6, it is necessary to reevaluate the absorbed dose considering real usage scenario and material characteristics. Conclusion: In this research, we derived activity concentration limits for consumer goods in contact with bodies and the results can be used as preliminary screening tool for consumer goods as index concept.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.574-588
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• 2009

Although much research has been conducted in the area of authentication in wireless networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) pose unique challenges, such as real-time constraints, processing limitations, memory constraints, frequently changing senders, requirements for interoperability with existing standards, extensibility and flexibility for future requirements, etc. No currently proposed technique addresses all of the requirements for message and entity authentication in VANETs. After analyzing the requirements for viable VANET message authentication, we propose a modified version of TESLA, TESLA++, which provides the same computationally efficient broadcast authentication as TESLA with reduced memory requirements. To address the range of needs within VANETs we propose a new hybrid authentication mechanism, VANET authentication using signatures and TESLA++ (VAST), that combines the advantages of ECDSA signatures and TESLA++. Elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) signatures provide fast authentication and non-repudiation, but are computationally expensive. TESLA++ prevents memory and computation-based denial of service attacks. We analyze the security of our mechanism and simulate VAST in realistic highway conditions under varying network and vehicular traffic scenarios. Simulation results show that VAST outperforms either signatures or TESLA on its own. Even under heavy loads VAST is able to authenticate 100% of the received messages within 107ms. VANETs use certificates to achieve entity authentication (i.e., validate senders). To reduce certificate bandwidth usage, we use Hu et al.'s strategy of broadcasting certificates at fixed intervals, independent of the arrival of new entities. We propose a new certificate verification strategy that prevents denial of service attacks while requiring zero additional sender overhead. Our analysis shows that these solutions introduce a small delay, but still allow drivers in a worst case scenario over 3 seconds to respond to a dangerous situation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2012

향상된 사용자 상호작용 (AUI: Advanced User Interaction) 인터페이스(interface)의 목적은 다양한 입/출력 장치와 비디오, 오디오, 그래픽 등의 객체로 표현되는 장면 기술(scene description) 사이에서 정보의 상호연동을 향상시키는 것이다. 이를 위해서 국제 표준화 기구인 MPEG(moving picture experts group)에서는 MPEG-U part 2: AUI Interface 프로젝트를 통해서 AUI 인터페이스 데이터 포맷의 표준화를 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-U part 2의 표준을 소개하고, 이 표준에 기반을 둔 AUI 인터페이스 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 AUI 인터페이스 시스템은 크게 UID(User Interaction Device)의 데이터를 처리하는 사용자 인터페이스 입/출력부와 XML 문서를 처리하는 MPEG-U XML 생성/해석부로 구성된다. 본 시스템은 MPEG-U 표준 기반 입/출력 장치와 사용자와의 상호작용을 향상시키기 위한 시스템의 프레임 워크로 활용될 수 있다. 실험에서는 제안하는 사용자 상호작용 인터페이스 시스템이 MPEG-U part2 표준에 적합한지를 보이며 이를 이용하여 MPEG-U part 2 표준의 타당성을 검증한다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2017

최근 GeoSensor 활용이 증가함에 따라 공간 센서 데이터와 같은 2차원 데이타를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 질의 처리 시스템이 활발히 연구되고 있다. 하지만 기존 질의 처리 시스템들은 시공간 센서 데이터와 같은 다차원 데이타를 처리하기 위한 데이타 타입과 연산자를 지원하지 않기 때문에 이와 같은 다차원 데이터를 처리하기에 미흡하다. 따라서, 본 논문은 이러한 센서 네트워크에서 다차원 데이타를 효율적으로 처리하기 위하여 질의 처리 시스템을 개발하였다. 마지막으로 본 논문은 시나리오를 통해 본 시스템의 효용성을 검증하고, 수행시간 및 메모리 사용량 등의 성능평가를 통해 기존 시스템들보다 성능이 우수함을 입증하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study is to conduct the research on the design principle for the driver's safety and comfort in installing consecutive curves of superhighway. METHODS : Superhighway does not currently exist in domestic area. Thus, this study is conducted by collecting driving behavior usage of 30 people who are involved in the members of the virtual driving simulation. By identifying the distribution characteristics of each scenario in ANOVA & Tukey Test, the distribution are categorized into three groups. RESULTS : In the case of Group A in Section 3 (R2 entry part), lane departure exceeds the safety standard, which means to be risky condition. And then in the case of Group B and C, the lane departure values applying theoretical formula was evenly distributed compared to the proven values. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the result, the continuous curve design principles at superhighway should follow three standards as follow. First, an additional linear part needs to be inserted between two curves. Second, what if inserting the linear part is difficult, it would be better to insert a curve more than 2,000m. Third, R1/R2 ratio should not be over two. This design primarily aims to the safety of the operator. Such road alignment also meets the expectations of drivers, thus, it may help drivers to be compatible and amenable while driving continuous curve in superhighway.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 추계종합학술대회 B
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• pp.261-264
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• 2008

IPv6 has been proposed and deployed to cater the shortage of IPv4 addresses. It is expected to foresee mobile phones, pocket PCs, home devices and any other kind of network capable devices to be connected to the Internet with the introduction and deployment of IPv6. This scenario will bring in more challenges to the existing network infrastructure especially in the network security area. Firewalls are the simplest and the most basic form of protection to ensure network security. Nowadays, firewalls' usage has been extended from not only to protect the whole network but also appear as software firewalls to protect each network devices. IPv6 and IPv4 are not interoperable as there are separate networking stacks for each protocol. Therefore, the existing states of the art in firewalling need to be reengineered. In our context here, we pay attention only to the IPv6 firewalls configuration anomalies without considering other factors. Pre-evaluation of security risk is important in any organization especially a large scale network deployment where an add on rules to the firewall may affect the up and running network. We proposed a new probabilistic based model to evaluate the security risks based on examining the existing firewall rules. Hence, the network administrators can pre-evaluate the possible risk incurred in their current network security implementation in the IPv6 network. The outcome from our proposed pre-evaluation model will be the possibilities in percentage that the IPv6 firewall is configured wrongly or insecurely where known attacks such as DoS attack, Probation attack, Renumbering attack and etc can be launched easily. Besides that, we suggest and recommend few important rules set that should be included in configuring IPv6 firewall rules.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1304-1314
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• 1993

최근 몇 년 동안 이동통신의 편이성으로 인해 이동통신의 수요가 급증하고 있어 수년내에 새로운 셀룰러망으로의 진화가 절실히 요구되어지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 셀룰러망의 전화 전망에 대해서 살펴보고, 차세대 셀룰러 패켓 라디오망에서의 새로운 음성/데이타 집적 다중 엑세스 프로토콜로 가변경계 TDMA/BTMA 프로토콜을 제안하며 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 PRMA 프로토콜과 가변경계 TDMA/BTMA프로토콜의 성능을 비교분석한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 지연에 민감한 음성 트래픽에는 TDMA프로토콜을 사용하고, 패켓 손실에 민감한 데이타 트래픽에는 BTMA프로토콜을 사용하며, 동기신호와 제어정보 및 호 접속 계수기를 사용하여 음성과 데이타영역의 경계를 가변화시킨 가변경계 TDMA/BTMA프로토콜이 PRMA 프로토콜 보다 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권12호
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• pp.2272-2293
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• 2011

Communication technology of future networks is predicted to provide a large variety of services including WiFi service in vehicular network. In this paper, we assume that vehicles are embedded with WiMAX antenna and in-vehicle terminals receive WiMAX traffic through WiFi interface. This assumption will impose severe performance degradation due to interference among mobile BSSs when WiFi access points (APs) are densely located. Existing interference avoidance techniques cannot properly resolve the above problems and do not cope with dynamically moving vehicular scenario since they focus only on the fixed network topology. In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware interference avoidance scheme for WiFi services. The proposed scheme computes the interference duration by exploiting mobility vector and location information of neighboring APs. If the interference duration is not negligible, our scheme searches for another channel in order to avoid interference. However, if the interference duration is negligible, our scheme continues to use the channel to reduce switching overhead. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed scheme against other existing techniques, we evaluated performance by using OPNET simulator. Through the simulation, we obtained about 60% reduction in the maximum interference frequency and about 67% improvement in throughput. Furthermore, our scheme provides fair channel usage.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1057-1069
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• 2017

The applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are progressively adopting for various smart home services such as home automation, controlling smart home household appliances, constrained application services in a smart home, etc. However, enabling a seamless and ubiquitous WSN communication between the smart home appliances is still a challenging job. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a smart home control system using an Actuator based ZigBee networking (AZNET). The working of the proposed system is further divided into three phases, 1) an interference avoidance system is adopted to mitigate the effect of interference caused due to the co-existence of IEEE 802.11x based wireless local area networks (WLAN) and WSN, 2) a sensor-based smart light control system is used to fulfill the light requirement in the smart home using the sunlight with light source, and 3) an autonomous home management system is used to regulate the usage time of the electronic appliances in the smart home. The smart is tested in real time environment to use the sunlight with light sources in a various time of the day. Similarly, the performance of the proposed smart home is verified through simulation using C# programming language. The results and analysis revealed that the proposed smart home is less affected by the interference and efficient in reducing the energy consumption of the appliances available in the smart home scenario.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.748-757
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• 2015

다중안테나 송수신을 활용하는 MIMO 시스템은 5세대 이동통신의 용량 증대를 위한 핵심 기술 중 하나이다. MIMO 관련 기술에 대한 적절한 성능 평가가 이루어지기 위해서는 공간 채널이 반영된 무선 채널 모델의 적용이 필요하며, 이에 적절한 채널 모델로서 3GPP에서 TR36.873 문서를 통해 제안한 3차원 공간채널모델(3-Dimensional Spatial Channel Model; 3D SCM)이 있다. 본 논문에서는 3D SCM 기반 채널 시뮬레이션 환경을 구현하고 검증하며, 이를 통해 확인되는 UMi 및 UMa 특성을 제시하고 비교한다. 또한, UMa 시나리오에 MIMO 전송 환경을 도입하여 안테나 배열 간격의 변화에 따른 안테나 원소 간의 채널 상관도를 살펴보고, 이에 따른 수율의 변화를 확인한다. 섹터 내 사용자를 무작위 균일 분포시켰을 경우에 대해 수평 및 수직 안테나 원소 간격 변화에 따른 채널 전력 상관도를 측정함으로써, SCM 환경 하에서 전송 성능을 결정하는 통계적 특성을 제시한다.