• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.277-281
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• 1996

To evaluate the renal toxicity of the antitumor agent, 5-(piperidonomethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (SDZ-62-434), rats were treated with SDZ-62-434 of 50 mg/Kg, i.p., once and 10 mg/Kg, i.p., daily for 7 days. The kidney weights and urine volume after and during the treatment were observed. The concentrations of urinary creatinine, protein, and the activities of N-acetyl-$\beta $D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 24 hr urine were also determined. The kidney weights after acute and subacute administration was not affected. The urine excretions were increased 5 days after the acute administration and increased after the daily 3rd day-administration. The excretion of creatinine was similar as that of urine excretion. The excretion of creatinine was increased 5 days after the acute and subacute administration. However, the protein excretion didn't changed in both treatment. Those indicate that SDZ-62-434 might induce the diuresis and also suggest that diuresis might be due to the some metabolites rather than the compound itself. The urinary activities of NAG and LDH were not affected after the acute treatment. However, the urinary activities of AAP and GGT were slightly increased 3 days after the acute administration but, returned to the control value. In subacute treatment, the activities of GGT was not changed. And the activities of NAG were declined after the 7th day-administration. However, the activities of AAP were significantly increased after the 5th day-administration. Furthermore, the urinary activities of LDH were continuously increased during the subacute administration. These results indicate that the high and subacute administration might induce a weak damage on the kidney cells. Furtherrnore, the present results suggest that SDZ-62-434 might have relatively slow-emerging and mild toxicity to the kidney.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

In the Indian traditional medicine, Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) whole plant is claimed to possess powerful diuretic activity. However, the diuretic potential of this plant is not yet investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic potential of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora (MELN) in rats. Control (0.9% saline solution, 25 ml/kg, b.w) or urea (1 g/kg b.w) or frusemide (5 mg/kg b.w) and different concentrations of MELN (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w) were intraperitoneally administered (n = 6 per each treatment group) to hydrated rats and their urine output was monitored over a period of 5 h and 24 h after drug administration. The diuretic responses with its electrolyte excretion potency of the extract were highly remarkable in comparison with control animals. The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg shows a significant increase in volume of urine with increase in $Na^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^{-}$ excretion accompanied by the excretion of $K^{+}$ in dose dependent manner. This study suggests that the active component(s) in MELN had similar diuretic effect to that of frusemide. These results validate the traditional use of Lippia nodiflora as a diuretic agent.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

Thirteen healthy control, 13 pre-eclamptic, 7 diabetic(DM) and 12 gestational diabetic(GDM) pregnant women participated in a study ofthe interrelationships between the levels of protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and copper in urine. Urinary protein, magnesium and copper levels were significantly higher (p<0.0005, p<0.0003, p<0.005 respectively) in pre-eclamptic women than those of control, DM and GDM women. Urinary zinc excretion in pre-eclamptic women (1.61 mg/g creatinine) was higher than that of DM women (0.81mg/g creatinine); urinary zinc losses of control and GDM women were wre between the other two rups. The GDM women excreted significantly ore phosphorus in their urine in comparison to control and preeclamptic women (p<0.02), but this was not seen in DM women. Among the DM women, urinary protein excretion was positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin(r=0.940) and fasting blood glucose concentration (r=0.889). Urinary zinc excretion also was correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (r=0.853) and fasting blood glucose (r=0.956). In the GDM and pre-eclamptic women there were also significant correlations between urinar calcium and magnesium (r=0.857, r=0.749 respectively) and between urinary protein and copper(r=0.638, r=0.778 respectively).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.465-468
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• 1992

Urinary purine derivatives and creatinine excretion was measured in a total of 4 white Alpine sheep. They were given diets 718 to 1060 g/kg dry matter (DM) of roughage. The crude protein content of this diets was on average $93.87{\pm}5.57g$ in kg DM. Purine derivatives-N excretion increased linearly with incremental DM intake and was significantly correlated (n = 16) with amounts of digestible organic matter (DOM) intake: allantoin-N (mg) = 1.205 (${\pm}0.070$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 136.709 (${\pm}37.399$), r = 0.9770, RSD = 22.97; uricacid-N (mg) = 0.131 (${\pm}0.041$) $\times$ DOM (g) + 11.380 (${\pm}21.881$), r = 0.6306, RSD = 13.44; Hypoxanthine-N (mg) = 0.049 (${\pm}0.014$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 28.640 (${\pm}7.708$), r = 0.6544, RSD = 4.73; total purine derivatives-N (mg) = 1.385 (${\pm}0.083$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 90.261 (${\pm}44.552$), r = 0.9706, RSD = 27.47. Microbial protein synthesis per kg DOM was estimated of 113 g. The urinary creatinine-N excretion was on average 9.10 mg/kg live weight (LW) with a standard error of 0.12 mg creatinine-N per kg LW. The excretion of creatinine excreton was not related to feed intake. Daily creatinine excretion (mg/d) was calculated from individual LW measurements and the average creatinine excretion (mg/kg LW). It was possible to predict the daily urinary purine derivatives excretion (r = 0.9720 for allantoin, r = 0.9886 for total purine derivatives) from the ratio of purine derivatives (mg/100 ml) and creatinine (mg/100 ml) in the urine and the daily creatinine excretion.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.158-163
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• 1994

Slightly elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (microalhuminuria) is a marker of early diabectic nephropathy, but it is unclear if the established definition of microalbuminuria ($20-200{\mu}g/min$) is correct for children and adolescents. We investigated th.: albumin excretion rate, albumin/creatinine ratio and urinary albumin concentration in 150 healthy schoolchildren and adolescents to (a) obtain a reterence value for albumin excretion rate, (b) relate albumin excretion to pubertal stages and (c) evaluate albumin/creatinine ratio and morning albumin concentration as screening methods for elevated albumin excretion rate. Albumin concentration was measured by immunoturbidimetry in timed overnight urine samples. The albumin excretion showed a skewed distribution (geometric mean $3.2{\mu}g/min$, 95 percentile ($15.1{\mu}g/min$). In girls. a peak in the albumin excretion rate was found at the pubertal stage 4 (Tanner) and in boys at stage 5. Albumin/creatinine ratio of 2.5 mg/mmol as a screening level for elevated albumin excretion ($15{\mu}g/min$) showed a high positive (0.88) and negative (0.99) predictive value.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1489-1496
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• 2009

This study was done for the determination and excretion profile of adrenosterone and its metabolites in human urine using both liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Adrenosterone and its two metabolites were detected in human urine after administration a healthy volunteer with 75 mg of adrenosterone. We found that adrenosterone-M1 ($C_{19}H_{26}O_3$) was a reduction and adrenosterone-M2 ($C_{19}H_{26}O_4$) was a hydroxylation at C-ring, which did not know the exact position of the C-ring. The adrenosterone parent was detected by GC/TOF-MS, but not detected by LC/APCI/MS because of low intensity. Adrenosterone and its two metabolites were excreted as their glucuronided fractions. The recovery of this method ranged from 100.7 to 118.4% and the reproducibility and accuracy test were 85.5 to 112.0% and 1.1 to 8.4%, respectively. The excretion studies showed that adrenosterone and its metabolites were detectable in human urine during a 48 h period after oral administration, with maximum level of excretion at 4.1 h. The glucuro-/sulfaconjugated ratio of adrenosterone, M1 and M2 was 0.73 ${\pm}$ 0.03, 0.96 ${\pm}$ 0.06 and 0.89 ${\pm}$ 0.03 (n = 6), respectively. The amounts of adrenosterone excreted in urine were 14.75 ng for 48 h. Also, the maximum level of androsterone and 11$\beta$-hydroxy androsterone, which were endogenous steroids, were reached 4.1 h after the oral administration of adrenosterone.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.332-336
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• 2002

Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan was administered with diet for 5 weeks on db/db diabetic mice and its antidiabetic activity was investigated. Leaves of Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan inhibited the increase of body weight, glucose elevation in blood and urine, and protein excretion in urine, and protein excretion in urine. Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan also inhibited the intestinal maltase and sucrase activity on db/db Mice loaded with maltose and sucrose. However, it did not significantly lower HbAlc in blood of db/db mice. These results suggest that leaves of Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan could be effective on insulin-independent diabetic mellitus type 2.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1996

We studied the effects of a single, combined and mixed exposure of benzene, toluene and xylene on the activities of rat liver microsomal AHH, ADH and ALDH, and the excretion of their metabolites in urine. The AHH activities of the rats treated in combination and mixture were slightly higher and/or similar to those rats treated with single solvent, while the reverse effects were observed for ADH and ALDH. Similar effects were observed when the metabolites were examined in urine (p < 0.01). These results suggest that each solvent might interJkre the induction and action of ADH and ALDH, and decrease the excretion of their metabolites into urine.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1986

rat에 주사된 lithium 이온의 배설에 미치는 수종의 corticosteroid의 영향을 검색한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. fludrocortisone을 10mg/kg 투여하여 혈청내 lithium 농도를 줄일 수 있었고, lithium의 뇨중 배설량도 증가시켰다. 2. dexamethasone을 0.1mg/kg 투여하여 혈청내 lithium 농도를 줄일 수 있었고, 1mg/kg을 투여하여 lithium의 뇨중 배설량도 증가시켰다. 3. dexamethasone에 의하여서는 혈중 $Na^+$의 $K^+$에 대한 농도비가 감소하였고, 반대로 뇨중 $Na^+$의 $K^+$에 대한 농도비가 감소하였다. 이상의 실험 결과를 미루어 corticosteroid는 lithium의 뇨중 배설량을 증가시키고 그 혈중 농도를 감소시킬 수 있으나, 이러한 작용은 신장을 통한 $Na^+$ 이나 $K^+$의 이동과는 전혀 상관이 없다고 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

The effect of supplemented high protein diet intake on renal urea regulation in swamp buffalo was carried out in the present experiment Five swamp buffalo heifers weighing between 208-284 kg were used for this study. The animals were fed with a supplementary high protein diet and renal function and kinetic parameters for urea excretion were measured. This was compared to a control period where the same animals had been fed only with paragrass and water hyacinth. For 2 months the same animals were fed a mixed of paragrass, water hyacinth plus 2 kgs of a high protein supplement (protein 18.2% DM basis) per head per day. In comparison to the control period, there were no differences in the rate of urine flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), plasma urea concentration and filtered urea. In animals supplemented with high protein intake mean values of urea clearance, excretion rate and the urea urine/plasma concentration ratio markedly increased (p < 0.05) while renal urea reabsorption significantly decreased from 40% to 26% of the quantity filtered. In this same study group urea space distribution and urea pool size increased which coincided with an increase in plasma volume (p < 0.05). Plasma protein decreased while plasma osmolarity increased (p < 0.05). Both urea turnover rate and biological half-life of $^{14}C$-urea were not affected by a supplementary high protein intake. The results suggest that animals supplemented with high protein diets are in a state of dynamic equilibrium of urea which is well balanced between urea excreted into the urine and the amount synthesized. The limitation for renal tubular urea reabsorption would be a change in extra-renal factors with an elevation of the total pool size of nitrogenous substance.