• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1991

Inorganic mercury in urine and airborne was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Detailed sampling methods and analylical results are as follows : 1. 100~200ml of urine for each person was taken in 250 ml borosilicate bottle and $K_2S_2O_8$ (0.1g/100ml urine) was added to prevent bacterial contamination. About 1001 air of workingplace was absorbed in l0ml of absorbing solution. Urine samples and absorbing solution tubes were stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Dillution solution to prepare standard solution used deionized water (D.W) for urine and absorbing solution (A.S) for air. 2. 1n this procedure deteclion limit was 1ng/ml and mercury contents of blank reagent solution was 1~2ng/ml. 3. Calibration range was $0.02{\sim}0.1{\mu}g/ml$ and in this range r.s.d for each calibration curve in D.W and A.S and ${\pm}7.9%$ and ${\pm}3.7%$, respectively. 4. Repeatability (n=5 times, conc. $0.05{\mu}g/ml$) was ${\pm}5.8%$, in D.W. and ${\pm}4.4%$ in A.S, respectively. 5. Recovery for urine adding spiked concentration ($0.05{\mu}g/ml$) was about 90%. 6. Analytical result of samples was $1{\sim}139{\mu}g/l$ in urine and ${\sim}0.127mg/m^3$ in airborne.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2017

소변검사는 다른 검사에 비해 쉽고 간편하면서도 환자에게 부담이 없는 검사로 신장 및 요로계 질환의 진단, 치료 및 예후 결정에 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 요 침전물은 일반적으로 원심분리된 소변을 검사자가 현미경을 통한 검경에 의해 이루어진다. 대한임상검사정도관리협회에서 제안한 가이드라인과 실제로 의료기관에서 시행되고 있는 내용이 다르고 임상병리학을 전공하는 학생들이 사용하고 있는 서적에 제시된 내용도 서로 차이가 있었다. 따라서 요 침전물 표본제작에 따른 차이가 검사결과에 영향을 주는지 확인하기 위하여. 요시험지봉검사에서 잠혈반응과 백혈구 에스터라아제 검사 결과 양성으로 확인된 검체를 무작위로 선별하여 현미경적 검사를 시행하였다. 요 침전물 표본제작 차이는 요 농축 배수에 영향을 주어 cell grade나 시야 당 평균 세포 수 결과에 영향을 미쳤다. 침전물의 농도를 결정짓는 첫 번째 요소는 원심력이다. 그러나 많은 의료기관에서 원심분리기 반경을 고려하지 않는 채 1,500 rpm을 사용하고 있었으며 이는 400 G라는 정확한 원심력을 얻을 수 없었다. 결과적으로 요 농축에 있어 차이가 발생하여 결과에도 영향을 미쳤다. 두 번째 요소는 요 침사물의 양이다. 제거하고 남은 요의 상청액의 양은 요 침사물의 농축 계수에 영향을 주어 다른 결과를 초래하였다. 뿐만 아니라 피펫을 사용하여 제시된 정확한 용량을 취하지 않고 대략적으로 한 방울을 떨어뜨린 후 경검했을 때도 결과에 영향을 주었다. 따라서 일관성 있고 보다 정확한 검사결과를 위해 반드시 표본제작 과정이 표준화가 되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1980

Purpose of this study is to find out proper means of estimating the urinary mercury excretion in the normal individuals. Whole void volume was collected every 2 hours beginning from 6 o'clock in the morning until 6 o'clock next morning. Mercury excretion in each urine specimen was measured by NIOSH recommended dithizone colorimetric method (Method No.: P & CAM 145). Urinary concentration of mercury was adjusted by two means: specific gravity of 1.024 and a gram of creatinine excretion per liter of urine comparing the data with the unadjusted ones. Mercury excretion in 24-hour urine specimen was calculated by adding the amounts measured with the hourly collected specimens of each individual. Statistical analysis of the urinary mercury excretion revealed the following results: 1. Frequency distribution curve of mercury excreted in urine of hourly specimens was best fitted to power function expressed in the form of $y=ax^b$. Adjustment of the urinary mercury concentration by creatinine excretion was shown to be superior($y=1674x^{-1.52},\;r^2=0.95$) over nonadjustment($y=2702x^{-1.57},\;r^2=0.92$) and adjustment by specific gravity of 1.024($y=4535x^{-1.66},\;r^2=0.93$). 2. Both log-transformed mercury excretion in hourly voided specimens and mercury excretion itself in 24 hour specimens showed the normal distributions. 3. The frequency distribution of mercury adjusting the urinary concentration of mercury by creatinine excretion was best fitted to a theoretical normal distribution with the sample means and standard deviation than those unadjusted or adjusted with specific gravity of 1.024. 4. Average urinary mercury excretions in 24-hour urine specimen in an individual were as follows: a) Unadjusted mercury excretion mean and standard deviation : $$18.6{\pm}13.68{\mu}gHg/l$$. median : $$16.0\;{\mu}gHg/l$$. range : $$0.0-55.10\;{\mu}gHg/l$$. b) Adjusted with specific gravity mean : $$20.7{\pm}11.76\;{\mu}gHg/l{\times}\frac{0.024}{S.G-1.000}$$ median : $$20.7\;{\mu}gHg/l{\times}\frac{0.024}{S.G-1.000}$$ range : $$0.0-52.9\;{\mu}gHg/l{\times}\frac{0.024}{S.G-1.000}$$ c) Adjusted with creatinine excretion mean and standard deviation : $$10.5{\pm}6.98\;{\mu}gHg/g$$ creatinine/l median : $$9.4\;{\mu}gHg/g$$ creatinine/l range : $$0.0-26.7\;{\mu}gHg/g$$ creatinine/l 5. No statistically significant differences were found between means calculated from 24-hour urine specimens and those from hourly specimens transformed into logarithmic values. (P<0.05).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.409-416
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• 1993

이상에서와 같이 lithium치의 측정에 있어서 본 병원에서 기존 이용하던 AAS법이나 ISE법 모두 정밀도나 직선성 평가에 있어 비교적 좋았으나, 정밀도(재현성)에 있어서 ISE법이 AAS법보다 더 우수한 것으로 나왔고 ISE법의 경우 측정방법이 매우 간편하였다. 그러나 ISE법에 의한 혈중 측정치가 AAS법에 의한 것보다 다소 높게 나타났으며, ISE법이 AAS법에 비하여 분석 최하한치가 더 높아 예민도는 상대적으로 낮았다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to estimate salt preference and sodium intake of pregnant women, and identify the relationship between salt preference and sodium intake. Methods: Research design was a cross sectional correlational survey with 197 pregnant women who visited outpatient clinics for antenatal care. The sodium intake levels were estimated by the amounts of sodium intake using the 24-hour recall method and sodium concentration in spot urine. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: Sodium intake using 24-hour recall method was $3,504{\pm}1,359mg$. Sodium intake levels had statistically significant differences depending on income. The average amount of sodium in spot urine was $2,882{\pm}878mg/day$. Sodium excretion levels had statistically significant differences depending on whether participants had preexisting hypertension in their family history and Body Mass Index (BMI) pre-conception. Salt preference was $62.61{\pm}20.96$ out of 180 points. Salt preference had significant differences depending on income, parity, gestational age, BMI pre-conception and showed negative correlation with sodium quantity in spot urine. Conclusion: Sodium intake in pregnant women recommended by World Health Organization recommended is 175%. Salt preference was not significantly different between sodium intake levels, however it was negatively correlated with sodium quantity in spot urine among pregnant women.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2003

A method for the determination of terbutaline enantiomers in human urine by capillary elctrophoresis has been developed. Optimum resolution was achieved using 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, containing 15 mM of hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Urine samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction with Sep-pak silica, followed by CE. The assay was linear between 2-250 ng/mL (R = 0.9998 for (S)-(+)-terbutaline and R = 0.9999 for (R)-(-)-terbutaline) and detection limit was 0.8 ng/mL. The intra-day variation ranged between 6.3 and 14.5% in relation to the measured concentration and the inter-day variation was 8.2-20.1%. It has been applied to the determination of (S)-(+)-terbutaline and (R)-(-)-terbutaline in urine from healthy volunteer dosed with racemic terbutaline sulfate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.3923-3927
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• 2011

A noble method for pre-concentration and speciation of ultra trace As (III) and As (V) in urine and whole blood samples based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been developed. In this method, As (III) was complexed with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate at pH = 4 and Then, As (III) was extracted into the ionic liquid (IL). Finally, As (III) was back-extracted from the IL with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and its concentration was determined by flow injection coupled with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HGAAS). Total amount of arsenic was determined by reducing As (V) to As (III) with potassium iodide (KI) and ascorbic acid in HCl solution and then, As (V) was calculated by the subtracting the total arsenic and As (III) content. Under the optimum conditions, for 5-15 mL of blood and urine samples, the detection limit ($3{\sigma}$) and linear range were achieved 5 ng $L^{-1}$ and 0.02-10 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The method was applied successfully to the speciation and determination of As (III) and As (V) in biological samples of multiple sclerosis patients with suitable precision results (RSD < 5%). Validation of the methodology was performed by the standard reference material (CRM).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2009

This study investigated the characteristics of baking bread and cookies supplemented with taurine and the effect of taurine addition on BAC(blood alcohol concentrations) and UAC(urine alcohol concentrations). Healthy male college students were divided into two groups, the control and the taurine group. Bread was baked with the addition of 0, 2, 4 and 6% taurine and baked with the addition 0, 3 and 6% taurine. The bread containing 2% taurine showed the fastest fermentation among the 4 groups. Fermentation and oven-spring of breads baked with a taurine concentration greater than 4% of taurine disturbed. In some areas of the sensory test, the taurine supplemented bread had higher scores than the control bread. We served 6 g of taurine supplemented cookies with 1,000 $m{\ell}$ of beer to 8 students in the taurine group. After 2 hours of drinking beer, the BAC and UAC of the taurine group were found to be lower than the control group. But no difference was found in the alcohol excretion of their urine. From this study we concluded that the taurine has an effect on the detoxication of alcohol, which reduces the BAC.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2001

Persimmon has been known to help alcohol intoxication in Korea for a long time and is prepared as a processed food. The effect of dried persimmon snacks on alcohol metabolism was determined in vivo. Eight Korean men (25~27 years old) were administered 3.5 mL/kg of alcohol (22.5%, w/v) with or without a dried persimmon snack (2g/kg). The levels of alcohol in the blood and of acetaldehyde in the blood and the urine were determined by alcoholmeter and assay using alcohol dehydrogenase and HPLC, respectively. All subjects showed decreased levels of alcohol in blood, and six subjects showed a decrease of alcohol in urine after consumption of ethanol with dried persimmon snacks. Concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood an urine decreased significantly in three and five of the eight subjects, respectively. Reduction was more significant for alcohol than for alcohol than for acetaldehyde with administration of ethanol and dried persimmon snacks. This in vivo result suggests that dried persimmon snacks are effective in decreasing th concentration of alcohol after alcohol intake.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.692-697
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• 1997

Creatine and 3,4-Dimethylhippuric acid (3,4-DMHA), a glycine conjugate of 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene (1,2,4-TMB) were determined in the urine of workers exposed to 1,2,4-TMB vapor. The best condition for the simultaneous determination of 3,4-DMHA and creatine by high performance liquid chromatography was obtained by reverse phase $C_{18}$ column (4.6${\times}$150mm, 5${\mu}m$) as stationary phase and 20% acetonitrile in 20mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 4mM sodium octylsulfate(SOS)as mobile phase. The recovery of 3,4-DMHA spiked to blank urine in the range of 1~5${\mu}g$/ml was about 96%. The concentration of urinary 3,4-DMHA of workers had a positive correlation with the environmental level of 1,2,4-TMB (r=0.866). The data suggest that urinary 3,4-DMHA concentration is a useful biological index for 1,2,4-TMB exposure.