• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

Aucubin, an irdoid g1ucoside, was investigated to determine whether it has a stimulating effect on $\alpha$-amanitin excretion in $\alpha$-amanitin intoxicated rats, and whether there is binding activity to calf thymus DNA. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of $\alpha$-amanitin in rat urine allowed quantitative measurement of the $\alpha$-amanitin concentration with a detection limit of 50${mu}g/ml$. In this system, a group treated with both $\alpha$-amanitin and aucubin showed that o(-amanitin was excreted about 1.4 times faster than in the $\alpha$-amanitin only treated group. Our previous results showed that the toxicity of $\alpha$-amanitin is due to specific inhibition of RNA polymerase activity and the resultant blockage of the synthesis of certain RNA species in the nucleus. However, no significant activity change on RNA polymerase from Hep G2 cells was observed when aucubin was treated with $\alpha$-amanitin at any concentration tested. Nevertheless, aucubigenin inhibited both DNA polymerase (IC50, 80.5${mu}g/ml$) and RNA polymerase (IC50, 135.0${mu}g/ml$) from the Hep G2 cells. The potential of both $\alpha$-amanitin and aucubin to interact with DNA were examined by spectrophotometric analysis. $\alpha$-Amanitin showed no significant binding capacity to calf thymus DNA, but aucubin was found to interact with DNA, and the apparent binding constant ($K_{app}$) and apparent number of binding sites per D7A phosphate ($B_{app}$) were 0.45$0.45{\times}$$10^4$ $M^{-1}$ and 1.25, respectively.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.491-498
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to put clinical emphasis on the importance of considering medical precautions, such as drug history and a possible infection, when treating elderly patients. Methods: We closely observed two elderly female patients aged 79 and 76 who had been hospitalized for the treatment of anorexia at the Department of Hepato-Hemopoietic System, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital in April 2018 for 5 and 9 days, respectively. Results: Through an elaborate medical investigation including a detailed inquiry and laboratory examinations, modifying some drugs and treating a urinary tract infection were preferentially needed to treat these two patients. In the first case, her overall symptoms, including anorexia, were improved after taking Dansambohyeol-tang combined with three types of antacids adjusted by holding 10 drugs in total, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that mainly causing chronic gastric ulcer. In the second case, the urinary tract infection was detected by blood test and urine analysis during the hospitalization period. After taking Geummogpaljeong-san and antibiotics for the treatment of the infection, the chief complaints including anorexia and the negative reaction to nitrite in the urinary analysis were improved. Conclusion: Considering the clinical precautions, including medications and infection possibility, is important especially when treating elderly patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

Objectives We aimed to analyze traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) literatures in regards to the pattern identification and related symptoms of idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods We searched relevant literatures published up to September 29, 2020 through three Chinese electronic databases. We performed frequency analysis of the selected studies by extracting information on pattern identification, clinical symptoms, and TCM treatments presenting pattern identification of ISS. Results Sixteen studies were included. Spleen deficiency, kidney deficiency, dual deficiency of spleen-kidney, and liver-kidney yin deficiency were frequently reported. Clinical symptoms of the spleen deficiency include sallow complexion, body constituent weakness, anorexia, lack of qi and no desire to speak, and loose stools. Herbal medicines (HMs) such as Sijunzi-tang were frequently reported. Clinical symptoms of the kidney deficiency include cold limb and fear of cold, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, and clear and long urine. HMs such as Bishendihuang-wan were frequently reported. Clinical symptoms of the dual deficiency of spleen-kidney include body constituent weakness, spirit lassitude and lack of strength, anorexia, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, and cold limb and fear of cold. HMs such as Sijunzi-tang plus Bishendihuang-wan were frequently reported. Clinical symptoms of the liver-kidney yin deficiency include tidal fever and night sweating, heat in the palms and soles, dizziness, and dry throat. HMs such as Liuweidihuang-wan were frequently reported. Conclusions This was the first study to analyze the frequency of pattern identification and related symptoms on ISS. In the future, a standardized Korean medicine pattern identification system should be established.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.227-259
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• 1989

Waterpepper is a weed which grows on damp soil. especially near swamps, and in shallow water of ponds and ditches. It Is widespread throughout the country In abundant colonies. In the present experiments, possible toxic effects of waterpepper were investigated in ruminants. Pour cows were fed waterpepper ad libitum or by force in the from of green forage, hay and/or powder, 8 goats were administered in the form of methanol extract, and 4 goats, crude juice, into the lumen. Clinical signs were examined as well as urinalysis, hematology, serum chemical analysis, pH/blood gas analysis and chclinesterase activities following administration of waterpepper. Six goats which were administered the methanol extract or crude juice were sacrificed for pathological examinations., In addition to the clini copathological examinations, the chemical constituents of waterpepper were qualitively analyzed from the methanol extract and the Effects of the waterpepper crude juice were examined on the motility of rabbit duodenum and uterus. It is revealed that waterpepper contains steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin and essential oils in the methanol extract and nitrates in the crude juice. The crude juice of waterpepper relaxed the rabbit uterine and duodenal smooth muscles. The constraction of duodenum by acetylcholine or BaCl$_2$ were partially inhibited by pretreatment of the crude juice. However, the relaxation of duodenum by the crude juice was not blocked by the pretreatments of phenoxybenzamlne, propranolol, cocaine, reserpine and tetrodotoxin. The constituents of waterpepper to evoke elaxation of duodenal smooth muscle were stable to heat. The cows administered waterpepper showed common clinical symptoms such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence, anorexia, severe diarrhea, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum, while bloody feces was shown in a cow. The goats administered the mothanol extract showed common clinical signs such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence and soft feces, while bloody feces was shown in a goat, A goat adminstered the crude juice showde bloody feces and diarrhea. Respiratory rates and heart beats were increased along with diarrhea in the experimental cows. The erythrocyte counts and MCHC were decreased whereas PCV, MCV and neutrophils were increased in the cows administered waterpepper. In goats administered methanol extract, there were decreases in erythrocytes, PCV and hemoglobin content, and an increase in MCHC. The goats ingester with the crude juice showed negligible changes in hematologic values compared with control group which was administered the same amount of water instead of the crude juice. The contents of serum calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, Iron, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides and phospholipids were tended to decrease in cows. In goats serum iron, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, BUN and phospholipids content were decreased while the content of sodium and chloride were increased after administration of the methamol extract The goats ingested with the crude juice did not show significant changes in serum chemical analysis. Even though there were some pathological findings such as hyperemia in the small intestines and kidneys and swelling of liver parenchymal cells, the values of serum AST, ALT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and creatinine did not change significantly. While proteins, hemoglobin and blood were detected in the urine of cows, urine pH, ketone bodies, glucose, bilirubin and urobilinogen content were normal or undetected. There were no significant changes in pH/bolld gas analysis data of cows and cholinesterase activities of plasma and erythrocytes of cows and goats ingested with waterpepper or the methanol extract. It is concluded that waterpepper irritates the gatrointestinal system, causes abdominal pain, relaxes the gastrointestinal smooth muscle and dilatates blood vessels supplied to the system. The irritation and relaxation may lead to abnormal fermentation, maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients and result in diarrhea, body feces, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.165-167
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• 2022

The proportion of cat cats among companion animals has been increasing at an average annual rate of 25.4% since 2012. Cats have strong wildness compared to dogs, so they have a characteristic of hiding diseases well. Therefore, when the guardian finds out that the cat has a disease, the disease may have already worsened. Symptoms such as anorexia (eating avoidance), vomiting, diarrhea, polydipsia, and polyuria in cats are some of the symptoms that appear in cat diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, renal failure, and panleukopenia. It will be of great help in treating the cat's disease if the owner can recognize the cat's polydipsia (drinking a lot of water), polyuria (a large amount of urine), and frequent urination (urinating frequently) more quickly. In this paper, 1) Efficient version of DeepLabCut for posture prediction running on an artificial intelligence server, 2) yolov4 for object detection, and 3) LSTM are used for behavior prediction. Using artificial intelligence technology, it predicts the cat's next, polyuria and frequency of urination through the analysis of the cat's behavior pattern from the home CCTV video and the weight sensor of the water bowl. And, through analysis of cat behavior patterns, we propose an application that reports disease prediction and abnormal behavior to the guardian and delivers it to the guardian's mobile and the main server system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1270-1282
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to compare the effdct of the new weekly iron supplementation on maternal iron and zinc nutritional status with the effect of the present daily iron supplementation. To assess the iron ad zinc status of rpegant women visiting public health center in Ulsan, interview for dietary survey and general aspect of each subject was given and biochemical analysis of blood and urine was performed. The study subjects were divided to two groups randomly, but the subjects whose Hgb level was very low were allocated in daily group ethically because theeffect of weekly supplementation was not yet established as safety. Daily group received 80mg elemental Fe(250mg Fe as ferrous sulfate) per day for 100days, while weekly group received 160mg elemental Fe once a week for 15 weeks. After treatement, Hgb(p<0.01), Hct(p<0.01) , serum iron(p<0.05) and serum ferritin(p<0.001) in weekly group but RBC, Hgb , Hct , serum iron and serum iron and serum ferritin increased slightly. After correction for the initial Hgb by including it in the MANIVA, the difference in treatment effects of Hgb and TIBC between groups was statistically significant. The effect of weekly vs, daily iron supplementation program on zinc status was also studied. The difference in treatment effect between two groups was, however, not sifnificant. It is concluded that once weekly rion supplementation program in pregnant women was less effectgive to improve the iron status than daily iron supplementation program. However, because the weekly dose prevented a decline in Hgb as well as in ferritin, itw effect was positive , given the fact that non-supplemented women almost always exhibit a sifnificant drop in Hgb values. It seems that it will improve the iron status well if the amount or frequency of supplements is to be adjusted . Biweekly supplementation of a different dose or antother type of iron supplement, such as through a gastric delivery system, might be better.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was carried out to understand the prevalence and risk factors of green tobacco sickness (GTS) among Korean tobacco harvesters. Methods : The authors conducted a questionnaire among the tobacco harvesters (1,064 persons from 555 out of 723 tobacco harvesting households) in Cheongsong-gun for 4 days from May 7 to 10, 2002. Results : The study subjects were 550 males and 514 females. The recognition and experience of GTS up until 2001 were 96.4% and 61.9%, respectively. The prevalence of GTS in 2001 was 42.5%, and was significantly higher in females than in males (59.0% vs. 26.6%, p<0.01). The incidence density of GTS according to the number of workdays in 2001 was 12.3 spells/100 person..days. The GTS symptoms reported by the tobacco harvesters in 2001 were dizziness in 441 cases (97.6%), nausea in 414 (91.6%), headache in 349 (77.2%) and vomiting in 343 (75.9%). The use of gloves, hat and wristlets, sweating at work and the number of working hours significantly increased the prevalence of GTS (p<0.05). Multiple logistic re- gression analysis was used to determine the factors significantly associated with GTS. Odds ratios for smoking, working over 10 hours and sweating at work were 0.26 (95% CI:0.19-0.35), 1.64 (95% CI:1.26-2.14) and 1.60 (95% CI:1.14-2.25), respectively. Of those who reported GTS in 2001, 311 cases (68.8%) underwent treatment from their local medical facilities. Conclusions : In Korea, there are many tobacco-harvesting households, and most may be stricken with GTS. More extensive epidemiological studies, including the incidence and associated risk factors, are expected and a surveillance system including measurements of cotinine in urine should be conducted.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease invading the skin, joint, kidney, intestinal membrane, neurosystem and other organs. SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation resulting in the production of antinuclear antibodies(ANA), generation of circulating immune complexes, and activation of the complement system. In Korean medicine, lupus can be classified as acute arthritis, reddish butterfly erythema, asthenic disease, edema and so on. The cause and procedure of the diseases are flourishing noxious heat, excessive fire due to deficiency of yin, blood stasis due to stagnation of qi, internal movement of the liver-wind, congenital deficiency, exhausted vital-qi, which are treated by clearing away heat and cooling the blood, nourshing yin and extinguishing fire, treating flatulence and activating blood circulation, nourishing the blood to expel wind, invigorating the liver and kidney, invigorating qi and replenishing the blood. To experimentally examine the influence of Insam-Buja-Tang (Ginseng & Aconiti Extract, IBT) on the outbreak and development of lupus, lupus induce MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model was used. As IBT was orally administrated to a lupus model mouse, various tests such as the weight, urine protein, renal function, Lymph cell test of the spleen, Cytokine expression, histopathological analysis of kideny were performed to see the influence on the kidney and whether it work effectively on the immune function. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model. The effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice that can have autoimmune disease similar to SLE in human was evaluated after IBT per oral in the present study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 1997

With increases in senior citizens and changes in family structure, the need for long-term care system for elderly is increasing, however, the capacity and environment of Korean facilities are very limited. Health and nutritional status of long-term care residents are worse than free-living elderly. In this study, general food service management and health care practices in long-term care systems were investigated. Questionnaire were sent to the directors of all 162 long-term care facilities in Korea and 81 returned the complete answers. The results showed 1) There are slow but steady increase in long-term care systems in Korea, however, the capacity is far from adequate. Less than 10,000 elderly were resided in the facilities. Most of the systems were free-nursing homes and supported by the goverment. Staffing structure revealed that most of the facilities had a director, a secretary, nurses, but only 21% of the systerm hired a dietitian. It showed the shortage of nurses, physical therapists, and dietitians. Therefore, food purchasing, menu planning, food delivery, and the other food service management processes are handled by non-professionals, such as director, secretary, or cooks. Modified fool frequency questionnaire were used to get the frequencies of each food items used in menu and a menu-analysis was made on the one-day menu provided by the facilities. The results showed relatively satisfactory in nutrients content and food frequencies., however, this was about what was used in menu, not what was eaten by the residents. Therefore this results did not tell that the food intake status of individuals. In most facilities general health checkup was done on a regular basis, and had residents with various chronic degenerative diseases, such as hypertension, neuralgia, stroke, arthritis, diabetes. But the items checked on health checkup included weight, height, blood and urine tests, X-ray test, which suggested that the checkup lists should be revised to accomodate the health problem of the aged today.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1431-1441
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing rice straw with different proportions of cassava pulp on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility, rumen microbial population, energy partitioning and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization in beef cattle. Methods: Eighteen yearling Thai native beef cattle (Bos indicus) with an average initial body weight (BW) of $98.3{\pm}12.8kg$ were allocated to one of three dietary treatments and fed ad libitum for 149 days in a randomized complete block design. Three dietary treatments using different proportions of cassava pulp (100, 300, and 500 g/kg dry matter basis) instead of rice straw as a base in a fermented total mixed ration were applied. Animals were placed in a metabolic pen equipped with a ventilated head box respiration system to determine total digestibility and energy balance. Results: The average daily weight gain, digestible intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrate, total protozoa, energy intake, energy retention and energy efficiency increased linearly (p<0.05) with an increasing proportion of cassava pulp in the diet, whereas the three main types of fibrolytic bacteria and energy excretion in the urine (p<0.05) decreased. The metabolizable energy requirement for the maintenance of yearling Thai native cattle, determined by a linear regression analysis, was $399kJ/kg\;BW^{0.75}$, with an efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth of 0.86. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that increasing the proportion of cassava pulp up to 500 g/kg of dry matter as a base in a fermented total mixed ration is an effective strategy for improving productivity in zebu cattle.