• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' knowledge, health beliefs, and performance regarding the infection control of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and to identify factors affecting their infection control performance of the CAUTI. Methods: The subjects were 166 nurses at three hospitals with less than 300 beds in urban areas.Data were collected using structured questionnaires about knowledge, health beliefs, and performance regarding the infection control of the CAUTI. Statistical analysis included t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, Multiple regression analysis. Results: The factors affecting the infection control performance of CAUTI were knowledge (β=.18, p=.010), perceived seriousness (β=.25, p=.001), perceived barriers (β=.41, p<.001), and cues to action (β=.15, p=.030), and these factors explained 28.7% of the variance for the infection control performance of the CAUTI. Conclusion: In this study, higher levels of knowledge, perceived seriousness and, cues to action, and lower perceived barriers resulted in a corresponding higher performance in the infection control of CAUTI. Based on these findings, providing intervention programs enhancing the health beliefs of nurses is necessary to ensure their infection control performance of the CAUTI.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

Purpose: We used technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy to identify factors predictive of renal cortical defects in infants <3 months of age with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on infants <3 months of age with culture-proven UTIs treated at a single center from March 2010 to February 2016. Blood samples were obtained for laboratory evaluation prior to commencement of antibiotic therapy. The therapeutic delay time (TDT) and therapeutic response time (TRT) were recorded. All patients were divided into two groups depending on features of their DMSA scans. We compared the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the two groups. Results: A total of 119 infants (94 males and 25 females; mean age, $56.9{\pm}21.3days$) were included. Cortical defects were evident in the DMSA scans of 47 cases (39.5%). In infants with such defects, the peak temperatures ($38.9{\pm}0.57^{\circ}C$ vs. $38.4{\pm}0.81^{\circ}C$, P=0.001), the absolute neutrophil counts ($8,920{\pm}4,460/mm$ vs. $7,290{\pm}4,090/mm$, P=0.043), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ($6.49{\pm}4.33mg/dL$ vs. $3.21{\pm}2.81mg/dL$, P=0.001) were significantly higher than those in infants without cortical defects. The TDT was also longer in those with cortical defects (P=0.037). Conclusion: We found that a TDT ${\geq}8.5hr$ (odds ratio [OR] 5.81), a peak temperature ${\geq}38.3^{\circ}C$ (OR 6.19), and a CRP level ${\geq}4.96mg/dL$ (OR 7.26) predicted abnormal DMSA scan results in infants <3 months of age with UTIs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

Purpose: Catheter urine (CATH-U) and suprapubic aspiration (SPA) are reliable urine collection methods for confirming urinary tract infections (UTI) in infants. However, noninvasive and easily accessible collecting bag urine (CBU) is widely used, despite its high contamination rate. This study investigated the validity of CBU cultures for diagnosing UTIs, using CATH-U culture results as the gold standard. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 210 infants, 2- to 24-month-old, who presented to a tertiary care hospital's pediatrics department between September 2008 and August 2013. We reviewed the results of CBU and CATH-U cultures from the same infants. Results: CBU results, relative to CATH-U culture results (${\geq}10^4$ colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) were widely variable, ranging from no growth to ${\geq}10^5CFU/mL$. A CBU cutoff value of ${\geq}10^5CFU/mL$ resulted in false-positive and false-negative rates of 18% and 24%, respectively. The probability of a UTI increased when the CBU bacterial count was ${\geq}10^5/mL$ for all infants, both uncircumcised male infants and female infants (likelihood ratios [LRs], 4.16, 4.11, and 4.11, respectively). UTIs could not be excluded for female infants with a CBU bacterial density of $10^4-10^5$ (LR, 1.40). The LRs for predicting UTIs based on a positive dipstick test and a positive urinalysis were 4.19 and 3.11, respectively. Conclusion: The validity of obtaining urine sample from a sterile bag remains questionable. Inconclusive culture results from CBU should be confirmed with a more reliable method.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore the risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in patients receiving home care nursing. Methods: A total of 117 participants registered for home care nursing provided by the University of C hospital in Seoul were included in the study. Data were based on a survey and urine examination results from June to July 2018. Results: Asymptomatic bacteriuria was identified in 96 (82%) patients. Age, sex, activity, diabetes mellitus, mental status, presence of other diseases, catheter material type, catheter size and fixation, hand washing (care giver), gloving (care giver), perineal care, and bladder irrigation were not recognized as risk factors for CAUTI. Age and catheterization duration were associated with CAUTI. Conclusions: Old age was found to be a risk factor for CAUTI (p=0.048). CAUTI incidence decreased as catheter use exceeded 70 months (p=0.028).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.344-357
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze reflected status of evidence-based guideline on nursing textbook for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The subjects were 14 fundamental nursing textbooks consisting of 7 theoretical and 7 practical books published from March 2012 to March 2017. The evidence-based guideline was consisted of ninety-one recommendations for prevention of CAUTIs which were comprehensively collected from five guidelines. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Reflected rate on theoretical and practical fundamental nursing textbooks were 23.0% and 15.2% respectively. The most reflected domains in theoretical and practical textbooks was catheter management and catheter insertion respectively. Sixteen out of 91 individual recommendations with more than 50% consistency rate were identified, and eight (50.0%) recommendations on the catheter maintenance area were identified. Lastly nine inconsistent recommendations were identified. And the most frequent discrepancies were indwelling catheterization for management of urinary incontinence, followed by regular changing indwelling catheter, clamping prior to removal and perineal care. In conclusion, we found that recommendations for the CAUTIs guidelines were poorly reflected on text books. Further revising fundamental nursing textbook should correct the discrepancies between textbooks and the guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to verify the effects of a fluid therapy education program for aged stroke patients for preventing dehydration, pyuria and bacteriuria. Methods: The study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design in quasi experimental basis. Subjects were 38 stroke patients (20 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group) older than 65, hospitalized in a senior care center in S city, Korea. Results: The amount of daily average fluid intake, normal ratio of blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio, serum $Na^+$ and urine white blood cells were increased significantly in the experimental group. Normal ratio of bacteriuria increased in the experimental group, but not significantly. Conclusion: The education program is considered to be an effective nursing intervention tool for preventing dehydration and urinary tract infections which related to the secondary wellness of aged stroke patients. However, longer term study is necessary for better quality of nursing and developing more specific education programs for aged stroke patients usually hospitalized for a long period of time.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2020

Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS) is associated with infections in neonates and pregnant women. Herein, we describe a rare case of GBS renal abscess with peritonitis and pleural effusion in a 17-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The girl was admitted due to fever and right flank pain. Laboratory findings included leukocytosis and increased C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Her serum glucose level was 484 mg/dL. Urinalysis showed no pyuria. Renal sonography revealed parenchymal swelling in the right kidney. The patient was administered intravenous cefotaxime. Urine and blood cultures were negative. Fever seemed to improve, but the following day, she complained of abdominal pain and fever. Antibiotic was switched to imipenem, and abdominal and pelvic CT revealed a ruptured right renal abscess, peritonitis, and bilateral pleural effusion with atelectasis. Pigtail catheter drainage of the abscess was performed. Culture from the abscess was positive for GBS, and fever subsided 2 days after the drainage. She was discharged with oral cefixime. The clinical course of urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be atypical in patients with diabetes, and GBS can be a cause of UTIs. Prompt diagnosis and management are necessary to prevent complications in patients showing atypical courses.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.997-1005
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of Paljung-san on a patient with a catheter-associated urinary tract infection following a cerebral stroke. Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Paljung-san), and the effects of the treatment were evaluated using blood laboratory tests (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count) and routine urine analysis. Results: After treatment, the patient's level of infection, as determined by the blood laboratory test and urine analysis, also improved. Conclusion: The results suggest that herbal medicine (i.e., Paljung-san) may be effective for treating catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.199-202
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• 1991

The O serotypes of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in Korea were studied using a complete set of rabbit O antisera raised with reference O antigen type strains of E. coli. The distribution of "O" serotypes found in this survey was grossly similar with the prevalence of "O" types observed in other parts of the world, and some differences were also noted. A total of 31 "O" serotypes were identified and the most frequent serotype associated with urinary tract infections was O75(11.5%), which was followed by O6(7.4%), O10 and O40(5.7%, respectively).0 and O40(5.7%, respectively).

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Herein, we report two rare cases of renal infection. The first case was renal subcapsular urine reflux in a 8-month-old girl with recurrent urinary tract infection and the second was subcapsular abscess in a 14-year-old girl with diabetes, who was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage. It has been suggested that renal subcapsular abscesses could be caused by the direct reflux of urine into the subcapsular space, rather than spread of infection from an existing parenchymal lesion, and that complete recovery can be achieved if percutaneous drainage is performed in a timely manner. We propose primary subcapsular reflux, in which urine directly refluxes upwards into the subcapsular space of the kidney, as one of the mechanisms for development of renal subcapsular abscesses.