• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.594-604
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• 2019

Objectives: This study developed and validated an analysis method of urinary metals and metalloids that can be applied inductively with coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods: 0.3 mL of urine was used to analyze 25 metal and metalloid compounds using ICP-MS. The validation of the analytical method included linearity, accuracy, precision, and the calculation of detection limits. In addition, a comparison test was performed with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) method, which is the current standard method, with urine samples of 66 healthy subjects. Results: The linearities (R²) of calibration curves of all 25 compounds were ≥ 0.999. Of the 25 compounds, the intra-day and inter-day accuracy% of 17 and 20 met ≤15%, respectively. In addition, fifteen compounds showed ≤15% recovery% for certificated reference materials. Intraclass correlation coefficients of the comparison between the current methods and new methods in this study were 0.952 (p-value<0.001) and 0.911 (p-value<0.001) for urinary cadmium and mercury, respectively. Conclusion: This study proposes an efficient simultaneous methodology that can analyze multi elements in smaller sample amounts. More reproduction experiments are needed in the future.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2013

본 연구는 요중 아플라톡신 M1 (AFM1)의 농도를 측정할 수 있는 competitive ELISA 방법의 특성을 HPLC-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) 방법과 비교하여 평가하였다. ELISA 방법에서의 AFM1의 회수율은 105% (73-124%)였고 측정의 변이계수는 6.85%로 나타났다. ELISA 방법에서의 검출한계와 정량한계는 각각 0.20 pg/ml과 0.62 pg/ml로 조사되었으며, 두 방법을 이용하여 측정한 요중 AFM1 농도는 상관계수 0.96의 매우 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다(p<0.01). 그러나, 이렇게 높은 상관성에도 불구하고, ELISA 방법을 이용한 요중 AFM1의 농도는 HPLC-FLD 방법으로 측정한 값에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타나는 경향을 보여 ELISA를 이용한 방법이 단시간에 많은 시료를 분석할 수 있는 장점은 있으나 그 결과는 HPLC-FLD 방법을 이용해서 얻은 회귀식을 이용하여 보정을 한 후 제시할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 16주령 암컷 흰쥐를 대상으로 이소플라본의 함량이 다른 세 종류의 식이를 6주간 공급한 후 뇨와 변에서 daidzein과 genistein의 배설량을 측정하여 생체 이용성을 살펴보고 난소절제 여부에 따른 차이가 있는지도 알아보고자 하였다. 식이 내 이소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 변 중 daidzein 배설량은 유의적으로 증가하여 섭취량에 따른 반응의존성을 나타내었다. 그러나 난소절제여부에 따른 차이는 없었다. 변 중 genistein의 배설량도 이 소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 증가하였으나, HI군에서 비교해보면 난소절제시 sham수술보다 변 중 배설량이 유의적으로 낮았다. 변 중 회수율의 경우에는 배설량과 같은 섭취량에 비례적인 관계는 나타나지 않았으며 난소절제 여부에 따른 차이도 뚜렷하지 않았다. 뇨 중 daidzein의 배설량은 변 중 배설량과 마찬가지로 sham과 난소절제 모두에서 이소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 증가되었다. 난소절제 여부에 따른 뇨 중 이소플라본의 배설량을 보면 LI, MI, HI군에서 daidEein의 배설량은 sham에 비해 난소절제에서 유의적으로 낮았으며 genistein의 배설량도 LI군에서는 유의적으로 낮았다. 또한 뇨 중 회수율을 보면 sham에서 LI군에 비해 Ml와 Hl군에서 회수율이 유의적으로 낮았는데, 난소절제의 경우에는 이소플라본의 수준에 따른 회수율의 차이가 없었다. 그리고 회수율은 난소절제에서 sham에 비해 LI와 MI군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 그러므로 이소플라본의 섭취수준이 증가하면 뇨와 변을 통한 이소플라본의 배설은 한국인의 일상적 섭취수준의 10배 범위에서는 섭취량에 의존적임을 알 수 있으며, 난소절제를 하였을 경우 뇨와 변을 통한 배설량을 감소시켜서 더 많이 체내에서 이용함을 알 수 있었다. 섭취량이 증가하면 sham수술의 경우에는 뇨 중 회수율이 감소함에 비해 난소절제에서는 회수율이 동일하고 LI와 MI군에서는 유의적으로 sham에 비해 회수율이 낮으므로 난소절제모델에서는 이소플라본의 생체이용성이 매우 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 점으로 미루어볼 때 난소호르몬의 분비가 없는 폐경 후 여성에게는 이소플라본의 섭취가 호르몬으로서의 효과가 뚜렷할 것으로 짐작되며 이소플라본의 보충섭취를 권장한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1254-1260
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• 2003

The purpose of this study firstly was conducted to establish a radioimmunoassay (RIA) of estrone sulfate ($E_1S$), secondly to monitor the reproductive status of dairy cows using their urine samples. Urine and blood samples were collected in series within a day from four pregnant Holstein-friesian cows to evaluate the relationship between $E_1S$ levels in blood and urine with or without urinary creatinine basis. The urine was then collected biweekly from three cows in estrous and those artificially inseminated; collection from pregnant cows was made on a monthly basis. Results indicated that sensitivity for the $E_1S$ RIA was 5 pg/tube and the recovery rate was 100%. The daily urinary creatinine concentrations fluctuated within a day, but changes were slighter in midday, whereas the changes of concentrations of $E_1S$ in urine were relatively smaller. The concentrations of serum $E_1S$ during the estrous cycle were undetectable due to the limitation of assay, but the urinary $E_1S$ level could be measured with no obvious changes during the cycle. The urinary $E_1S$ levels increased remarkably around 7.7 to 8.3 ng/ml, 80 to 100 days after pregnancy but the serum $E_1S$ levels did not elevate until 120 to 150 days. The level of $E_1S$ increased gradually during pregnancy and eventually reached its peak before parturition at around 40 ng/ml and finally decreased to its basal level 2 days postparturition. During pregnancy, $E_1S$ concentrations of urine increased earlier than those in blood. The correlation coefficients between urinary and serum $E_1S$ concentration during pregnancy and postparturm were higher than those adjusted with creatinine (creatinine ratio). The concentrations of $E_1S$ in urine could be maintained unchanged for 8 days storing the samples in room temperature, which was extended to 8 days when the samples were pretreated by boiling for 30 minutes or treated with autoclave. In conclusion urinary $E_1S$ concentrations can be used directly for monitoring the pregnant status and fetal viability of dairy cows and can assist accurate confirmation of pregnancy in cows at least 80 to 100 days after insemination much earlier than by serum $E_1S$.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2020

Background: Postoperative fluid retention is a factor that causes delay in recovery and unexpected adverse events. It is important to prevent intraoperative fluid retention, which is putatively caused by intraoperative release of stress hormones, such as ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) or others. We hypothesized that intraoperative analgesia may prevent pathological fluid retention. We retrospectively explored the relationship between analgesics and in-out balance in surgical patients from anesthesia records. Methods: Anesthetic records of 80 patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery were checked in this study. Patients were anesthetized with either TIVA (propofol and remifentanil) or inhalational anesthesia (sevoflurane and remifentanil). During surgery, acetated Ringer's solution was infused for maintenance at a rate of 3-5 ml/kg/h at the discretion of the anesthetist. The perioperative parameters, including the amount of crystalloid and colloid infused, and the amount of urine and bleeding were checked. Furthermore, we checked the amount and administration rate of remifentanil during the surgical procedure. The correlation coefficient between the remifentanil dose and the in-out balance or the urinary output was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The contributing factor to fluid retention, including urinary output, was statistically examined by means of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between remifentanil dose and urinary output. Urinary output less than 0.04 ml/kg/min was suggested to cause positive fluid balance. Although in-out balance approaches zero balance with increase in remifentanil administration rate, no contributing factor for near-zero fluid balance was statistically picked up. The remifentanil administration rate was statistically picked up as the significant factor for higher urinary output (> 0.04 ml/kg/min) (OR, 2,644; 95% CI, 3.2-2.2 × 10⁶) among perioperative parameters. Conclusions: In conclusion, remifentanil contributes in maintaining the urinary output during general anesthesia. Although further prospective study is needed to confirm this hypothesis, it was suggested that fluid retention could be avoided through suppressing intraoperative stress response by means of appropriate maintenance of remifentanil infusion rate.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

목 적 : 요로감염 환아에서 영구적 신장손상을 예측하기 위하여, 연령, 발열기간 및 농뇨 지속기간, 방광요관역류나 수신증 여부 등을 비교, 분석하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월부터 2005년 1월까지 아주대학교 병원에서 요로감염으로 입원한 환아 중 DMSA에서 신장 결손을 보인 160명의 환아를 대상으로 6개월 후 추적 DMSA에서 회복된 회복군과 반흔이 남은 반흔군으로 나누어 각각의 특징을 비교분석하였다. 결 과 : 전체 대상 환아 160명 중 106명이 추적 DMSA에서 회복을 보였고, 54명이 반흔이 남아 33.8%의 발생률을 보였다. 반흔군에서 처음 진단 당시의 나이가1세 이상인 환자가 회복군에 비해 많았고(P=0.01), 발열기간, 농뇨지속 기간 등이 회복군에 비해 길었으며, 발열의 기왕력이 있었다. VCUG, Ultra-sound sonography에서도 반흔군이 회복군에 비해 비정상적 결과를 보인 경우가 많았다. 결 론 : 급성신우신염을 앓은 소아에서 감염당시 환아의 나이가 많을수록, 발열 기간이나 농뇨 지속 기간이 오래 될수록, 방광요관역류나 초음파검사 이상소견이 있는 초기 신결손이 신반흔으로 고착되는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 잦은 발열 기왕력이 있는 경우 신손상 발생률이 높은 것을 볼 때, 이는 임상에서 미처 진단되지 못한, 혹은 잘 못 진단된 급성신우신염이 있음을 시사해 준다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1998

We report a case of epidural hematoma occuring after bloody tap during epi-dural catheter for cancer pain control in thrombocytopenic patient. Two hours after epidurl puncture, patient experienced severe back pain and numbness of both legs. Following day, patient complained of motor paralysis and urinary difficulty. Diagnosis utilizing magnetic reasonance imaging, showed epidural hematoma extending from $T_{11}$ to $T_{12}$. Thrombocytopenia prevented surgical intervention. Therefore we restored conservative therapy with packed red cell, platelet concentration, steroid and hemostatic, which provided complete neurologic recovery, spontaneously over several days without surgical intervention.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 1996

DWP401, a recombinant human epidermal growth factor, was subcutaneously administered to ICR mice at the dose levels of 0, 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/day (15rats/sex/group) in order to evaluate the subchronic toxicity. General observations, examinations for food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy and urinalysis were carried out during the study. For the complete gross and microscopic examinations, 10 mice/ sex/group were sacrificed at the ends of the dosing period, and the remaining animals were sacrificed with a 5 week recovery period. Examinations for hematology and blood biochemistry were also carried out at the time of recovery period. Based on the results, it was thought that the target tissue or organs were mesothelial cell, injection site, spleen, adrenal gland, ovary and transitional epithelial cell of urinary tract, and no observed toxic level of DWP401 was 0.04 mg/kg while definite toxic dose level might be 0.2 mg/kg.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.22-36
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• 1997

Functional recovery of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients were studied by examining functional independence measure (FIM) to evaluate the functional state of the patients at admission to and at discharge from the hospital and its relationship with the family support. Study subjects consisted of 129 CVA patients, who were admitted and received rehabilitation treatment at K Medical Center of Oriental Medicine from August 3 to December 18, 1997. The results were as follows: 1) Total FIM score was $72.37{\pm}25.16$ at admission and $101.67{\pm}22.13$ at discharge. The difference of average score was 29.30, which was statistically significant by paired t-test. 2) The largest difference between FIM scores at admission and at clischarge was observed in items of walking and wheel-chair riding, and the smallest clifference in items of social interaction. 3) The recovery was faster with motor function than with cognitive function, because the difference of FIM scores at admission and at discharge was much larger with motor function. 4) Recovery was better in groups under age 49 than in groups above age 70. Functional recorvery was prominent especially in groups with normal sensory state and speech functions, and groups without urinary incontinence. Recovery was less significantly in patients with paraplegic patients hospitalized longer than 2 months, patients with family all the time, and patients with CVA over 11 days. 5) We could not find any relationship between functional recovery and family support. FIM scores were lower in groups of old age(r=-0.325), long stayed in hospital (r=-0.426), and long period of time after the onset of disease(r= -0.339) with a reciprocal correlation between FIM scores and these parameters. 6) Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done to evaluate factors to affect the recovery from CVA. FIM score at admission could explain 51.2 % of the functional recovery. Important factors were periods of hospitalization, state of sensory function, age, and education (listed in decreasing order of importance). In total, they could explain 64.89% of the functional recovery. These results indicate that functional recovery of CVA patients, who were admitted to oriental medicine hospital for rehabilitation treatment, could be estimated by measuring FIM scores. Recovery was significantly better at discharge from the hospital than at admission and motor function recovery rate was much faster than that of cognitive function. 2. Recommendation Based on these results, we recommend following further studies. 1) Comparative study of recovery of motor function and of sensory function would be necessary by measuring FIM scores once a week to evaluate the recovery of CVA patients. 2) It would be interesting to see whether there is any difference of functional recovery between patients treated with either western medicine or oriental medicine. 3) Psychological factors affecting the recovery of CVA patients need to be studied.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.732-745
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to assess combined effects of early oral feeding after Cesarean section (C/S) under regional anesthesia on bowel function, gastrointestinal complications and surgical recovery. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using KISS, RISS, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar to identify randomized clinical trials comparing early oral feeding (EOF) with delayed oral feeding (DOF) after C/S. Outcome variables were bowel function and gastrointestinal complications and surgical recovery. Effect size was calculated using weighted mean differences (WMDs) and relative risks (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Seven studies involving 1,911 patients from 568 studies, 7 studies were included in meta-analysis. EOF was significantly associated with shorter time to recover bowel movement compared with DOF (WMD, - 2.50; CI, - 3.50~- 1.50). EOF was not associated with nausea (RR, 1.15; CI, 0.87~1.53) and vomiting (RR, 0.96; CI, 0.65~1.42), but lower incidence of abdominal distension (RR, 0.70; CI, 0.50~0.98). EOF was significantly associated with shorter time to discontinuation of intravenous fluids (WMD, - 8.88; 95% CI, - 16.65~- 1.11) and removal of urinary catheter (WMD, - 15.23; CI, - 25.62~- 4.85). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides evidence that EOF after C/S under regional anesthesia not only accelerates return of bowel function and surgical recovery but also reduces gastrointestinal complications. These results suggest that EOF should be offered to women who have undergone C/S to improve the recovery experience and reduce overall medical costs.