• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.605-613
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• 1997

This study was to investigate interaction between dietary protein and Ca levels in Ca metabolism and renal function in osteporosis rats. Five week-old female rats were fed a low Ca diet for 4 weeks after ovariectomy operation to establish rat models of osteoporosis. The ovariectomized osteoporosis rats were divided into six groups and were fed experimental diets which contained two levels of protein, normal (20%) and high(40%) , and three levels of Ca, low (0.06%), normal (0.47%) and high(0.94%) for 4 weeks , respectively. The ovaricetmized rat model of osteoporosis showed a remarkable decrease in serum Ca concentration, fresh weight and breaking force of femur, Ca and P contents of femur, and apparent absorption and retention of Ca. The supplementations of Ca and P contents of femur, and apparent absorption and retention of Ca. The supplementations of Ca at the dietary levels of normal and high levels significantly enhanced Ca bioavailability shown in the above experimental rat models of osteoporosis, regardless of dietary protein levels ; whereas the rats which were fed the low Ca diet demonstrated rather a decrease in its bioavailability. Irrespectively of the dietary Ca levels, the rats which were fed high protein diet exhibited an increase in kidney weight, urinary Ca, volume and hydroxyproline, and glomerular filtration ratio(GFR). The results show that dietary protein and calcium levels affect the renal function and Ca metabolism independently, while the interaction between protein and calcium have not been shown.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.936-942
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary protein and magnesium levels on calcium and magnesium metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty-eight male rats(average weight, 210g) divided into six diet groups; protein 8% and Mg-free diet, protein 8% and Mg 400mg/kg diet, protein 8% and Mg 900mg/kg diet, protein 20% and Mg-free diet, protein 20% nd Mg 400mg/kg diet, and protein 20% and Mg 800mg/kg diet group. After the rats were fed with experimental diets concentration were examined. Kidney weight was significantly higher in protein 8% and Mg-free group compared with other groups. Serum calcium concentration of protein8% group tended to decrease with the increase of the level of magnesium. Serum magnesium concentration in protein 8% and 20% group was lower in Mg-free group than that in other groups(p<0.05) and it also increased as the dietary magnesium level was increased. Urinary calcium and magnesium concentration in Mg-free group were significantly lower than those of other groups.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2021

This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the body weight of chickens. Analysis of body weight showed that the Cornish breed had the highest body weight, and the Korean native chicken (Gray Brown) had the lowest body weight. TSH is composed of an α-subunit and a β-subunit, and the TSH-β gene encoding the β-subunit has been reported to be associated with obesity. In chickens, it is located on chromosome 26 and is reported to be associated with growth. The calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) plays a role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis and is responsible for calcium absorption in the urinary tract, which affects the eggshell quality in poultry. It was shown that TSH-β was strongly correlated with weight in Cornish and Korean native (Gray Brown) chickens, particularly in those with the CC trait. However, CaSR showed no association with body weight in poultry; it was associated with calcium and the eggshell. Thus, selection for TSH-β can be used to produce individuals with more favorable traits in terms of body weight.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.120-129
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• 2000

Very little is known about the relation between isoflavone intake and menopausal symptoms in Korean woman To find the effects and correlations between these factors, questionnaires(maternal factors, menopausal symptoms) anthropometric measurement, 24hr dietary recalls, and urinary isoflavones analysis were conducted in 100 postmenopausal women residing in the Kyunggi-do rural area. The average age hight and weight of the subject were 61.5 years, 153.6 cm and 56.2kg. The average age at menarche, menopause, and menstrual cycle were 16.7 years, 47.2 years, 29.8 years, respectively. Most of the postmenopausal women experienced mildly menopausal symptoms. The mean calorie, protein and calcium intake were 1417.6 kcal(74.7% of the Korean RDA) 53.2 g(88.6% of the Korean RDA) and 454.0mg(65.6% of the Korean RDA) respectively. The ration of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 68: 15: 17 The average isoflavone intake from soy foods was 27.27 mg. The major food source of the isoflavone were soybeans and soybean curd. The average urinary isoflavone excretion was 2. 78nmol/mg Cr and showed significant positive correlation with isoflavone intake. Isoflavone intake from soy foods had a negative correlation with the severity of menopausal symptoms. Therefore, soy foods which contain isoflavone may have a protective effect on menopausal symptoms of women in Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 1998

It has been reported that boron may be beneficial for optimal calcium metabolism and, thus, optimal bone metabolism. Therefore, we designed a study to determine the effect of boron supplementation on Ca and bone metabolism in rats. The rats of 80-l40g body weight were given a control(0ug), 5$\mu\textrm{g}$, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$, 20$\mu\textrm{g}$, 40$\mu\textrm{g}$, or 80$\mu\textrm{g}$ boron supplement per Is diet for 4-weeks. The results are summarized as follows. There were no differences in total food intake and weight gain among the experimental groups. fecal Ca excretion, urinary Ca excretion, apparent Ca absorption, Ca retention, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and urinary hydroxyproline were not affected by boron supplementation. There was no difference in serum creatinine. Whereas, urinary creatinine excretion was increased with increasing boron supplementation, and conse-quently creatinine clearance was increased with boron supplementation. No differences were found in length, weight, density, Ca content of femur and scapular. The findings suggest that boron supplementation was not effective in Ca and bone metabolism in growing rats fed normal Ca diet. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1039-1048, 1998)

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

Dichrostachys cinerea (Linn.) is commonly known as Vadatalla and used as phytotherapeutic agent. Tender shoots of the plant bruised and applied to the eyes in case of ophthalmia. The root is astringent and used in rheumatism, urinary calculi and renal troubles. The effect of the Ethanolic and aqueous extract of the root of D. cinerea were studied for its anti-urolithiatic and diuretic activity at 200 mg/kg dose level in male Wistar albino rats. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. Supplementation with aqueous and ethanolic extract of the plant significantly reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. Compared to ethanolic extract, aqueous extract exhibited significant anti-urolithiatic activity. Both the extracts showed significant diuretic activity. The results of our present study supports folklore claim of D. cinerea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.881-886
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to Investigate the effects of green tea catechin on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium-poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10g were randomly assigned one of normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet(Cd-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were raised for 20 weeks. Cadmium was supplied in drinking water which contained 50ppm Cd$^{2+}$. Effects of catechin were analyzed on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by determining the calcium accumulation in bones, blood, urine and faces and phosphorus In blood and urine. Cd-poisoning inducted the decrease of red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit, but the levels of those indices were increased by catechin supplementation. The contents of tibia and femur in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but those of catechin supplemetation group was similar to normal group. The calcium contents of urine and faces were higher in Cd-poisoned groups than in normal group, but they was lowered by catechin supplementation. The phosphorus contents of blood and urine in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but that of catechin supplementation group was similar to normal group. Catechin supplementation improved the calcium metabolism in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by increasing the contents of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in blood and femur and by lowering the urinary and fecal calcium.m.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1993

In this study, the food intake, feces and urine of the 7 high school boys were collected and the intake and excretion of protein and calcium were measured. The boys were 16 to 18 years old and the measurement was conducted for four weeks during which they maintained their normal living pattern and body weight. Each boy's daily intake and excretion of protein and calcium were measured and digestibility and balance were also studied. 1)Daily mean intake, fecal loss and apparent digestibility of protein of each boy were 73, 9$\pm$1.9g, 10.9$\pm$0.4g and 84.9$\pm$0.5%, respectively. The urinary loss of nitrogen was 8.76$\pm$0.22g and showed the positive balance of 1.33$\pm$0.28g. 2) Daily mean intake, fecal loss and apparent digestibility of calcium of each boy were 515.3$\pm$19.3mg, 221.6$\pm$14.1mg and 57.1 $\pm$2.7% respectively. The urinary loss of calcium was 102.6$\pm$8.4mg and showed the positive balance of 192.4$\pm$19.5mg.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.541-546
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• 2001

This study examined the effect of various types of exercise on bone formation and resorption in rat. Five-week-old male Sprague-Daweley rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups with 10 animals in each; Control, Treadmill, Swimming, Resistance. The exercise regimen consisted of treadmill running at 25m/min, 1 hr per day, 5 days a week, and swimming for 1 hr per day, 5 days a week. Resistant exercise type with weight-bearing was designed to extend lower and upper extremities in order to feed the diet and water. Food intake showed no significant difference among groups but body weight gain and food efficiency were significantly increased in Control group as compared with exercise groups. Femur and tibia length and weight were higher in Control group and the density of therm tended to be higher in exercise groups than Control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. The breaking force of femur was the highest in Swimming group and tibia was the highest in Resistance group among groups, while there was no signigicant difference among the exercise groups. The calcium content of femur was significantly increased in Resistance group than the other groups. Calcium intake and urinary calcium showed no significant difference among groups, while calcium absorption and retention were significantly higher in exercise group than Control group. In conclusion, exercise training enhanced bone formation due to the positive effect on metabolism of calcium and bone which were different according to the types of exercise. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 541∼546, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.206-215
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manganese (Mn) supplementation on bone status and calcium balance in ovariectomized rats according to the calcium intake levels. Total of 50 Sprague Dawley female rats (6 weeks) were divided into 5 groups and bred for 12 weeks: sham operated control group (SACa), OVX Ca deficiency group (OLCa) with Ca deficiency diet (0.1% Ca modified AIN-93N diet), OVX Ca deficiency & Mn supplement group (OLCaMn), OVX adequate Ca group (OACa; 0.5% Ca AIN-93N diet) and OVX adequate Ca & Mn supplement group (OACaMn). BMD (bone mineral density) of the femur was increased by Mn supplementation in OVX adequate Ca group. However, BMDs of spine, femur and tibia were lowered in OLCa compared to the OLCaMn group. Bone strength of tibia in OLCaMn group was significantly lower than OLCa group. Serum ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and CTx (C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links) levels were significantly higher in ovariectomized rats than those in the sham group, but they were not changed by Mn supplementation. Ca retention rate and Ca absorption rate did not differ among the experimental groups. Urinary Ca excretion was increased by Mn supplementation in Ca deficiency rats. In summary, Mn supplementation resulted in positive effects on bone mineral density ovariectomized rats with which intake adequate Ca. However, Mn supplementation on Ca deficiency ovariectomized rats resulted in decrement of BMO and bone strength by increasing Ca excretion. Therefore, it is encouraged to consider calcium intake levels in supplementation of manganese in order to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and to keep bone healthy. (KoreanJNutr2008; 41(3): 206~215)