• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1973

국산(國産)(진해화학제조(鎭海化學製造)) 유황(硫黃)입힌 요소(尿素)(SCU)를 TVA제(製) SCU와 METAP 및 요소분시(尿素分施)와 비교(比較)하여 IR667 (Suwon 213)의 수량(收量)과 질소영양(窒素營養)에 대(對)한 효과(效果)를 조기(早期) 및 적기재배(適期栽培)의 포장시험(圃場試驗)으로 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 국산(國産) SCU는 초기(初期) 다량(多量)의 질소용출(窒素溶出)로 요소분시(尿素分施)에 비(比)하여 수풍(收豊)이나 질소영양면(窒素營養面)에서 우월(優越)한 점(點)이 별로 없었다. 2. 요소분시(尿素分施)보다 약(約) 10%의 증수(增收)를 보인 TVA제(製) SCU는 생육전기간(生育全期間)을 통(通)해 가장 높은 고중(藁中) 질소농도(窒素濃度)를 보이며 건물생산량(乾物生産量) 또는 질소흡수집적곡선(窒素吸收集積曲線)이 가장 균형적(均衡的)인 것이었다. 3. TVA제(製) SCU는 유수형성기(幼穗形成期)에 질소농도(窒素濃度)가 특(特)히 높으며 질소농도(窒素濃度)는 $m^2$ 당립수(當粒數)와 고도(高度)로 정비례(正比例) 하였다. 4. TVA제(製) SCU만이 유수형성기(幼穗形成期)에 질소흡수속도(窒素吸收速度)가 최고(最高)에 오는 일봉식(一峰式) 흡수속도양상(吸收速度樣相)을 보였다(기타(其他)는 이봉식(二峰式)) 5. 적기재배(適期栽培)에서 요소분시(尿素分施)의 질소이용율(窒素利用率)(37.1%)보다 TVA제(製) SCU는 높았으나 (46.0%) 국산(國産) SCU는 큰 차이가 없었으며 (38.9%) 조기재배(早期栽培)는 완효성(緩效性)의 질소이용율(窒素利用率)이 요소분시(尿素分施)보다 높았다. 6. TVA제(製) SCU는 출수후(出穗後)에 질소부족(窒素不足)현상을 보여주므로 용출양상(溶出樣相)이 다른 여러가지 완효성비료(緩效性肥料)를 혼합시비(混合施肥)하는 것이 가장 현상적(現想的)일 것으로 보였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 1990

The prevalence of low serum urea nitrogen concentrations (< 6mg/dL) in our patient population was 3.8% (452 per 11,911 determinations), representing 372 individual cases. Of these, 323 of the patients charts were located, reviewed, and classified into disease groups. Malignant tumor was found in 25.1% of the 323 patients, the remaining patients without malignant tumor had various clinical conditions; pregnancy (19.5%), infectious diseases (12.1%), trauma (10.2%), cerebrovascular accident (62%), hepatopathy (5.3%), and miscellaneous conditions (21.6%). The prevalence in female and young aged patients under 5 years was considered due to the lower reference range in these groups than in that of female adult groups, and moreover pregnancy is another superimposing factor in the former group. In regards to the causes of this condition, our study corresponded well to the textbook cited etiology of the low serum nitrogen concentration, although malnutrition and hepatopathy were inverted in their incidental order. We postulated, through the present study, that the low serum urea nitrogen concentration is not pathognomonic findings to suggest specific disease or conditions, but rather to reflect patient's general conditions such as hydration, nutrition, or administration of certain drugs.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2015

Urea has been the most useful N-source, due to lower cost per unit of N. But nitrogen use efficiency of urea may be reduced because of losses from agricultural system by volatilization of ammonia to atmosphere. This study was conducted to evaluate the nitrogen efficiency and growth of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by mixed treatment with nitrogen and zeolite. They were treated with N $161kg\;ha^{-1}$, N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$, nitrogenzeolite mixture (NZM) $161kg\;ha^{-1}$, NZM $230kg\;ha^{-1}$ and N $0kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. In the soil chemical properties after experiment, soil pH decreased but available $P_2O_5$, EC and total nitrogen increased in nitrogen-zeolite mixture treatment. $NO_3-N$ content in the soil showed the highest level in NZM $230kg\;ha^{-1}$. NZM $161kg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment increased growth and yield of hot pepper compared to urea alone. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of hot pepper plant was 47.15% at the treatment of NZM $161kg\;ha^{-1}$, while 36.74% at N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$. These results showed that application of mixture of nitrogen and zeolite had positive influence to improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and increase of red pepper yield.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제20권
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• pp.122-133
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• 1975

In recent years, farmers have substituted urea for ammonium sulfate as nitrogen fertilizer in their crop production. Since crops can not take urea itself directly as it is, we attempted to determine the amount of decomposition of urea in soil. It was observed that 25 percent of urea which had initially mixed with soil was decomposed in 10 days at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 80 percent in 2 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it was considered that large amount of urea could be lost in cool season and cool areas. In the other experiment, ammonium sulfate, as a source of sulfur, was so mixed with urea that the ratio of sulfur to nitrogen would be 15 percent. Small amount of dolomite was also added to this mixture and the resulting fertilizer was applied on the rice plants. Eight percent of yield increase was obtained together with the increased protein content in brown rice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 1997

The effect of replacement of cotton seed meal (CSM), with various levels and sources of non-protein nitrogenous (NPN), substances on in vitro ruminal fermentation were studied. Cotton seed meal, in control ration provided nitrogen equivalent to 12.5 percent crude protein while in experimental ration was replaced at 30, 50 & 70 percent levels with urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and biuret, respectively. The results of incubation upto 48 hours indicated an improvement in digestibility by replacement of CSM with urea and biuret upto 50 percent protein equivalent, but not with DAP. Bacterial count from cultures containing 50% nitrogen from biuret was significantly higher than DAP, urea and CSM. Various sources of nitrogen produced $NH_3-N$ in increasing order of CSM, biuret, DAP and urea. Increasing levels of NPN resulted in progressive increase in the levels of $NH_3-N$. The levels of various NPN sources had no effect on pH. However, the pH values determined for urea and CSM were higher than biuret and DAP.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2000

폐지섬유를 이용한 완효성 요소비료(시제품)의 벼에 대한 실용화 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 pot시험으로 무질소구, 요소구(대조구), 시제품구 처리에 벼(일미벼)를 공시하여 생육, 엽록소 함량 및 광합성능력, 수량 및 수량구성요소, 식물체중 무기성분 함량, 질소이용율 토양의 이화학성 등을 조사하였다. 초장과 분얼수는 생육초기에 시제품구가 요소구보다 다소 증가하였으나, 생육후기에는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 이앙 후 40일의 엽록소 함량은 시제품구에서 요소구보다 다소 높았으나, 광합성능력은 요소구보다 낮았다. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 시제품구보와 요소구간에 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나, 시제품구가 요소구보다 다소 높았다. 수확기에 식물체중 전질소함량은 시제품구가 요소구보다 정조에서는 높았으나, 짚에서는 낮았다. 수확기의 질소흡수량은 시제품구가 요소구보다 정조에서 4% 높았으나, 짚에서는 20% 낮았으며, 질소이용율은 시제품구가 요소구보다 약간 낮았다. 시험 후 토양중 전질소 함량은 시제품구가 요소구보다 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.619-622
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• 1993

Rumen bacterial amino acids in sheep on urea diet were monitored to assess a possible change in amino acid synthesis as a long term response to high rumen ammonia environment. A sheep was fed a semipurified diet with soybean meal, followed by a diet with urea as a main nitrogen source. Mixed rumen bacteria were harvested from ruminal fluid taken 3 h after feeding (twice in soybean meal feeding and 6 times in urea feeding) and fractionated as cell wall, proteins and protein-free cell supernatant of monitor amino acids in each fraction. Ruminal ammonia concentration at the sampling ranged from 5.7 to 39.5 mgN/dl. Cell wall and protein fractions of mixed rumen bacteria were stable in their amino acid composition regardless of nitrogen sources of diet and the feeding duration. However, protein-free cell supernatant fraction showed a higher alanine proportion with urea feeding (18.6 and 28.2 molar % of alanine for samples from sheep fed soybean meal and urea, respectively) and its duration (20.6 and 32.9 molar % for samples from sheep on urea diet for 1 and 65 days, respectively). Total free amino acid level of bacteria was depressed in the initial period of urea feeding but restored on 65th day of the feeding. These results suggest that an alanine synthesizing system may develop in rumen bacteria as urea feeding becomes longer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2008

Data of 42 balance measurements from dry and lactating Holstein cows and blood and urine samples from 24 Japanese Black cows were collected to evaluate the potential for predicting urinary nitrogen (N) excretion from plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). Similar positive correlations were obtained between N intake and apparent N absorption in dry and lactating cows. The regression equations of N intake on urinary N excretion varied in dry and lactating cows, and the difference of urinary N excretion between dry and lactating cows was due to the N secretion into milk. Highly positive correlations were observed between urinary N contents and urinary urea N in Japanese Black cows, and urinary urea N increased with increasing PUN. There were positive correlations between N intake and PUN in dry and lactating cows, but PUN and urinary N excretion in lactating cows were higher than in dry cows. There were positive correlations between PUN and urinary N excretion per BW in dry and lactating cows. Although urinary N excretion could be calculated as (N clearance rate of kidneys)PUNBW, high N clearance rate of kidneys, such as 2.08 L/d/kg BW, may be suitable to calculate urinary N excretion in lactating cows, compared with 1.33 L/d/kg BW in dry cows.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-60
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary levels on protein metabolism in eight healthy Korean adult females. The 20-day metabolic study consisted of 2 day adaptation period and three 6-day experimental. Three experimental diets were low protein (LP : protein 44g), high protein(HP : protein 85g) and high animal protein (HAP : protein-84g). The apparent absorption and balance on nitrogen were significantly higher in high protein than in low protein diet. Nitrogen, absorption rate was about 75% for low protein and about 85% for high protein intake. The mean values of nitrogen balance were -1.28% for low protein and 0.78% for high protein diet. All the subjects were in negative nitrogen balance at the low protein intake while they were in positive nitrogen balance at the high protein intake. The mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion increased with increased level of protein intake. Urea nitrogen was the largest part of the urinary nitrogen. The ratio of urea nitrogen to total urinary nitrogen increased significantly for 79 to 85% as protein intake was doubled.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1985

비단백태질소가 단백질의 생물적이용성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 무단백 혹은 단백질사료에 0, 0.5, 1.0 및 1.5%의 요소가 각각 첨가되었다. 갓 부화한 단관백색 레그혼 숫병아리에 8주간 병아리용 시판사료를 급여하고 6일간을 무단백사료 다음 6일간 실험사료를 급여하였다. 무단백사료 급여시에는 요소첨가량이 증가함에 따라 사료섭취량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 체중감소량은 서로 비슷하였다. 단백질사료를 급여하였을 때는 증체량과 사료소비량은 요소첨가에 의한 영향이 없었으나 사료요구율은 요소첨가량이 증가함에 따라 높아지는 경향이 있었다. 단백질이용효율(PER)과 정미단백가(NPR)은 요소첨가량이 증가함에 따라 무단백사료를 급여한 것에서 증가하나 단백질사료를 급여한 것에서 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 요산태질소의 배설은 요소첨가량이 증가함에 따라 무단백사료를 급여하면 특별한 경향은 없었으나 단백질사료를 급여한 것에서는 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 크레아틴태질소의 배설은 요소첨가의 경향이 뚜렷하지 않았다. 암모니아태질소의 배설은 요소첨가량이 증가함에 따라 무단백사료를 급여했을 때는 증가하는 경향이, 단백질사료를 급여했을대는 특별한 경향이 없었다. 한편 요소태질소의 배설은 무단밸 및 단백질사료를 급여한 것에서 요소첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 무단백사료를 급여한 병아리의 질소밸런스는 부의 값이었으나 요소첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 단백질사료를 급여한 것의 질소밸런스와 요중질소배설량은 요소첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 분중 배설량질소량은 특별한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 무단백사료에 첨가된 요소질소의 소화율은 요소첨가률이 높아짐에 따라 낮아지는 경향이 있었으나 생물가(BV)와 정미단백질이용율(NPC)은 1.5%의 요소가 첨가되면 높아지는 경향이 있었다. 단백질사료를 급여한 병아리에서는 단백질의 소화율, BV 및 VPU가 0.5%의 요소가 첨가되었을 때 높아지는 경향이 있었다.