• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.617-627
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• 2010

Although many researches for heat island study have been developed, there is little attempt to link the findings to actual and hypothetical scenarios of urban developments which would help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in cities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the UHI at urban area with different geometries, land use, and environmental factors, and emphasis on the influence of different geometric and environmental parameters on ambient air temperature. In order to evaluate these effects, the parameters of (i) Air pollution (i.e. Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT)), (ii) Green space Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), (iii) Anthropogenic heat (AH) (iv) Building density (BD), (v) Building height (BH), and (vi) Air temperature (Ta) were mapped. The optimum operational scales between Heat Island Intensity (HII) and above parameters were evaluated by testing the strength of the correlations for every resolution. The best compromised scale for all parameters is 275m resolution. Thus, the measurements of these parameters contributing to heat island formation over the study areas of Hong Kong were established from mathematical relationships between them and in combination at 275m resolution. The mathematical models were then tabulated to show the impact of different percentages of parameters on HII. These tables are useful to predict the probable climatic implications of future planning decisions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2013

In Korea, where the plain land is greatly deficient as a mountainous nation, most of riparian zones were transformed into agricultural fields and urban areas. Excessive use of the land, which is close to river, makes the rivers enduring severe pollution stresses. Disappearance of riparian buffer, which plays a function of filter in the riverside, appears as a main factor aggravating water pollution of rivers. In this respect, it is imperative to restore the lost riparian vegetation. This study found out restoration models of riparian vegetation from the Bongseonsa stream, which has remnant riparian vegetation patches as a conservation reserve. Feasible reference information applicable for restoration of riparian vegetation was shown in the species level in the order of herb, shrub, and tree and sub-tree zones as far away from the waterway. Those information could contribute to restoring integrate and healthy rivers and streams beyond simple landscaping differently from the other restoration projects when they will be applied to the restoration project to be carried out in the future. In addition, the spatial range of river and stream, background that riparian zone disappeared in Korea, and application plan of the obtained reference information were discussed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Remote sensing cannot provide a direct measurement of vegetation index (VI) but it can provide a reasonably good estimate of vegetation index, defined as the ratio of satellite bands. The monitoring of vegetation in nearby urban regions is made difficult by the low spatial resolution and temporal resolution image captures. In this study, enhancing spatial resolution method is adapted as to improve a low spatial resolution. Recent studies have successfully estimated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using improved resolution method such as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard EOS Terra satellite. Image enhancing spatial resolution is an important tool in remote sensing, as many Earth observation satellites provide both high-resolution and low-resolution multi-spectral images. Examples of enhancement of a MODIS multi-spectral image and a MODIS NDVI image of Cheongju using a Landsat TM high-resolution multi-spectral image are presented. The results are compared with that of the IHS technique is presented for enhancing spatial resolution of multi-spectral bands using a higher resolution data set. To provide a continuous monitoring capability for NDVI, in situ measurements of NDVI from paddy field was carried out in 2004 for comparison with remotely sensed MODIS data. We compare and discuss NDVI estimates from MODIS sensors and in-situ spectroradiometer data over Ochang plain region. These results indicate that the MODIS NDVI is underestimated by approximately 50%.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1993

이용객의 이용압력에 의한 토양 및 식생에 대한 영향을 알아보고자 부산시의 어린이대공원과 금강공원의 이용 통제구역과 이용지역내에 20개의 조사구를 설치하고 본 조사를 실시하였다. 토양경도는 이용지역에서 평균90kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상을 보여 식물생장에 지장을 주었고 이용객통제에 따른 토양경도의 완화효과가 있었으나 다른 토양특성들은 그 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 식물군집분석결과 이용압력에 의해 특히 관목층식생의 피해가 매우 컸으며 종다양성을 떨어뜨리게 하는 결과를 보였다. 그러나 단기간(2년)의 이용객통제는 식생의 자연복원과 종다양성 증진에 좋은 작용을 하고 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2014

최근 생태자원에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라, 자연환경의 복원과 보존이나 경관성 평가 등을 위해 생태자원을 3차원으로 시각화하려는 노력이 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 산림자원의 경우 정보의 추출은 활발하지만 그 정보를 활용하여 효과적으로 시각화 하려는 노력은 일어나지 않고 있다. 즉 산림자원의 시각화에 있어 현실적이지 못하거나 각종 분석에서 요구하는 시뮬레이션이 부적합한 경우가 다수이며 이를 효과적으로 시각화하려는 노력은 부족하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 항공 LiDAR 데이터와 항공사진, 임상도(Forest Type Map)를 통해 산림정보를 추출하여 Vegetation Layer를 생성한 후 Flora3D 수목모델링 툴과 ArcGlobe를 이용하여 Vegetation Layer를 3차원으로 정밀하게 시각화하였다. 지리정보시스템 내에서 사용자가 산림정보를 직관적이고 현실적으로 인식할 수 있도록 함으로써 생태자원의 복원과 보존, 도시경관 등을 위한 분석에 효율적으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

연안습지 생태계에서 열에너지 교환 과정은 매우 중요하다. 지표 열에너지 평형을 이루는 요소인 순복사플럭스, 현열 플럭스, 잠열 플럭스 그리고 토양열 플럭스를 전라남도 고흥에 위치한 수평적으로 균질하다고 판단되는 지역인 고흥만 간척지에서 관측하고 분석하였다. 열의 수송을 평가하기 위해서 5회의 집중관측 기간에 대기 난류를 측정하였고, 특히 갈대로 덮여있는 간척지에서 지표층 열에너지 수지를 분석하기 위해서는 물과 매우 미세한 입자로 구성된 토양 그리고 계절에 따라 색깔과 밀도가 변하는 식생캐노피를 고려하였다. 순복사 플럭스, 현열 플럭스, 잠열 플럭스, 토양열 플럭스를 기존의 에너지 수지방정식에 적용하여 식생과 토양과 같은 지표면 특성에 따른 열 플럭스의 특징을 조사하여 습지의 기온조절 효과에 대해 알아보았다. 에너지 수지비로 식생 성장기에는 주로 잠열 플럭스에 의해 열이 대기로 전달되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 식생층은 열을 저장하여 기온의 일교차를 줄이는 역할을 한다. 여름철에 집중관측지의 기온이 주변 지역의 기온보다 보다 낮고 겨울철에는 다소높게 나타난 결과는 식생층을 포함하는 연안습지가 열환경을 조절함을 보여주었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2016

Significant efforts are being devoted in mitigating the urban heat island effect, and extensive green roofs are an option for mitigation. The purpose of this study was to compare the surface temperature, vegetation types, and plant species on an extensive green roof. Test beds were created in May 2015, and the surface temperature was monitored from June to August. The test beds comprised polyculture and monoculture. Polyculture was divided into three types, and monoculture comprised eight plant species. An extensive green roof is effective in reducing temperature by forming a shade and preventing sunlight from falling on the surface of buildings, which mitigates the urban heat island effect. Consequently, the surface temperature of the green roof and that of concrete during summer reduced from $17.8^{\circ}C$ to $7.3^{\circ}C$. The temperature reduction was greater on using polyculture than on using monoculture, but monocultures of Sedum takesimense, Hemerocallis dumortieri, Allium senescens, Aster yomena, Belamcanda chinensis, and Aster koraiensis also produced good results. The temperature reduction effects of Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum f. variegatum, Phlox subulata, and Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica were excellent compared with those of concrete but were less than those of other plant species. Careful attention is needed for the management of extensive green roofs. Studies on the plant species and types of extensive green roof should continue to mitigate the urban heat island effect.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2016

Yangon city is experienced a rapid urban expansion over the last two decades due to accelerate with the socioeconomic development. This research work studied an investigation into the application of the integration of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for observing Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) patterns and evaluate its impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST) of the downtown, suburban 1 and suburban 2 of Yangon city. The main purpose of this paper was to examine and analyze the variation of the spatial distribution property of the LULC of urban spatial information related with the LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using RS and GIS. This paper was observed on image processing of LULC classification, LST and NDVI were extracted from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image data. Then, LULC pattern was linked with the variation of LST data of the Yangon area for the further connection of the correlation between surface temperature and urban structure. As a result, NDVI values were used to examine the relation between thermal behavior and condition of land cover categories. The spatial distribution of LST has been found mixed pattern and higher LST was located with the scatter pattern, which was related to certain LULC types within downtown, suburban 1 and 2. The result of this paper, LST and NDVI analysis exhibited a strong negative correlation without water bodies for all three portions of Yangon area. The strongest coefficient correlation was found downtown area (-0.8707) and followed suburban 1 (-0.7526) and suburban 2(-0.6923).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

This study was aimed to propose the plan of creating a biotope reflecting an ecological education as well as its function as the habitats of amphibian in Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. There were Cheonil mineral spring area which was located on the southern side of Namsan, wetlands which was already created on the east valley(800$m^2$) and a buffer area of the circumference(1,100$m^2$) as the biotope sites. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, existing vegetation, wildbird, amphibian, trail; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 8 types; Pinus densiflora forest, Pinus densiflora planted area, Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest, Pinus rigida forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, artificial green space, wetlands, south beltway. There were Pinus densiflora planted area and Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest as major vegetations of this site. 14 species and 33 individuals of wildbirds appeared, Rana temporaria ornativentris and Hynobius leechi were investigated in the wetlands.In particular, habitats of amphibian were divided eco-zone, buffer-zone and restore-zone, and habitats and facilities which would be suitable for the characteristics of each space were planned. As a result, environment elements of good habitats including spawn wetlands of amphibian, harbor of amphibian, water plant of wetland, wild shrubs forest, ecological landscape forest, wetland observation trail, fence of wetland protection and ramp by pebble and log were created at the site. The amphibian biotope of Namsan is rated high as an important space for conserving biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.