• 대한교통학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to develop a traffic signal timing method for interconnected and semi-protected-left-turn intersections(the intersections which have left-turn signal but not exclusive left-turn lanes) on four-lane streets for energy saving and to computerize the method for the practical use. For this study, a probability model which could estimate the utilized time of the shared left-turn lane by through traffic during green period was developed based on field studies. The two left-turn treatments, leading and lagging left-turns, were tested for the intersections, and it can be concluded that the leading left-turn was more efficient for the normal urban streets on which through traffic is major traffic. Adopting the leading left-turn macro-models to estimate vehicular average delay and proportions of vehicles stopped at the intersections were developed. Using the two models as well as the idling fuel consumpution rate and the excess fuel consumption per stop-go speed change, a traffic signal timing method for the intersections for energy saving was developed and computerized. The method can be used for more than four-lane streets and for other measures of effectiveness such as minimum delay, minimum stop rates, etc.

• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한교통학회 1998년도 Proceedings 제34회 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.236-244
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• 1998

When the capacity and traffic operation at signalized intersections are analyzed in Korea, the unprotected left-turn saturation flow rate, which is an important parameter for the analysis, is estimated form the USHCM model. thus, exact analysis of the left-turn is not possible because of the difference of traffic environments between two contries. In order to improve this problem, it is undertaken in this study to develop techniques for the estimation of unprotected left-turn saturation flows based on Korean drivers' data. As study intersections, signalized or unsignalized intersections on the 6, 4 and 2 lane streets are selected. the data for the saturation flow measurement and gap-acceptance behavior analysis are inputed in a notebook computer on the sites. The critical acceptance gaps of the 6, 4, and 2 lane streets are analyzed to be 6.0 secs, 4.6 secs, and 4.3 secs respectively. the average minimum headway of the left-turn vehicle was observed to be 2.6 secs. As the model to estimate unportected left-turn saturation flows, the drew model is recommended for 6 and 4 lane streets, and a graph is suggested for the 2-lane street. As the values of the parameters of the Drew model, the 2.6 secs of this study is recommended for the average minimum headway of the left-turn. But, the critical acceptance gap varies according to the approach speed of opposing traffic and driver population, it requires field survey to measure the gap of an intersection; however, the values of the gaps studied in this study may be used for the general intersections in urban area in Korean.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2024

Jinhae is the oldest Western-style radial and grid city on the Korean Peninsula, and it also has the most defined structure to date, remaining largely unchanged and unlike any other in Korea. The Jinhae town plan was completed immediately after the signing of the Japan-Korea Treaty. Although the city of Jinhae was built by the Japanese, its overall organizational principle is clearly a radial-grid form that was established in the West. The Jinhae radial-grid planning was elaborately constructed with multiple layers of overlapping structures. It is the result of the application of geometry that creates symmetry and hierarchy in European countries, and the simultaneous consideration of road hierarchy and land form in the process of combining radial and grid forms. To reveal these points, four analyses are performed. First, the formation process of Western radial and grid streets is reviewed and compared to derive review points for Jinhae City. Second, the layout and geometric characteristics of radial streets are discussed. Third, the hierarchical characteristics and connections of grid streets are analyzed. The last part is a comparative analysis of the plan and the final realization.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Being the origin of Shanghai City, the Old Town presents a high-density spatial texture, a characteristic of local living conditions in the Shanghai context. However, the Old Town is faced with competing interests: the preservation of historic urban features and the improvement of contemporary living conditions. In view of its high density and poor living conditions, this paper focuses on two types of blocks for urban design research, and proposes two spatial regeneration strategies, as "overlapping lilong" and "texture continuity". It is expected to inherit the regional characteristics of urban space, improve the plot ratio and supplement the mix of functions, through the translation of the traditional lilong typology and the reproduction of historical streets and alleys, so as to provide operable spatial strategies and design methods for the organic renewal of Old Town and other historic districts.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2021

Morphology of contemporary city streets is composed of overlapping infrastructures corresponding to the new street within the established organization, contemporary system, future circumstance, and population. As well, two overlaid organizations and morphological, historical, social and physical development lead to sharp acute algle(triangular) site, and the architecture in this site has a restriction on the availability of the internal space and the external design due to outside shape sharpness. We want to have a positive effect on the internal and external design of the architecture in the future by categorization of the shape and processing characteristics of the acute angle corner of the trilateral site. The characteristics and design categorization shown in this case study are as follows. Constitution a unique and independent form, lead streets and shape a exclusive image of the landscape, alleviate sharpness by configuring a acute angle point as a plane, use void to give reserve character, replace roundness for companionability to induce ambience in the road, embrace the characteristics of the site and create internal spaces and functions, emphasize the characteristics of each stairs, retain of uniqueness and highlight the characteristics of a vertical elements.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

This study analyzes the recognition of commercial business men and employers who operate the commercial zone along the streets in the downtown area on the planting for the roadside green space forming the important frame of greening in the downtown among the open spaces. Through the analysis, this study attempts to get the basic data to suggest the recommendable directions in planting and managing the street trees in the downtown. The results of this study are summarized as described below. The street green spaces are very important in improving the environment of the downtown and their necessities are also very critical. It was found that the street trees were recognized as the critical factor to enhance the aesthetical values of the city, provide the green shades and purify the air. This study also identified that the street trees have the positive impacts on the business environment rather than negative impacts. In maintaining the street green spaces, the most necessity is the service facility such as resting areas, toilets and garbage bins with the street trees. The commercial business men and employers who operate the businesses along the streets preferred the double layer type that the tall trees and green walls are planted together along the streets for the street planting. For securing the green shades in the city, the planting of linear green spaces such as streets and waterways is critical. Moreover, the street trees accounts for the important position in the urban open spaces. The majority of commercial business men and employers consider the participation of citizens for greening as the very essential factor.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

연구의 방법에 있어서, 주변경관에 영향을 주는 경관구성 중 건축의 색채 설계 자료로서 건축 각 부위의 벽, 지붕, 창문, 출입문 상태를 수집하였다. 또한 3배색 이미지 맵을 활용해서 색채의 경향을 분류하였다. 도시경관의 구성요소인 지역별 주요거리의 각 대상지역에 사용되어진 색채의 성질을 색상, 명도, 채도로 나타낸다. 각 대상지역 사용 색채 경향의 특성을 찾아내고 분석한다. 본 연구에서는 경관 관리 측면에서 비교적 색채의 배경이 잘 되어 있는 스웨덴 스톡홀름시의 실례를 대상으로 경관 색채 특성을 파악하였으며, 특히 경관 색채의 배경을 만들어 가는 마감재의 색채 사용에 대한 실태를 조사하였다. 관찰조사를 한 대상 지역은 각각의 8개 지역과 주 거리 이름의 색채 사용에 대한 자료를 수집하여 색채를 성분별로 분류하였다. 마감재에 있어서 지붕의 강판 종류와 적벽돌 종류, 아스팔트 슁글 종류, 도료 종류, 타일기와 종류 등의 색채 사용의 경향을 조사하여 분석하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the uses and exterior design of the balconies in urban housing from the ancient times to the 19th century. In doing so, the paper seeks to investigate the cultural identity of the balcony in urban housing. The results are as follow. First, in the urban housing the balcony space were made for protection from the heat, light and ventilation; gardening; views toward the streets, city, waterside, inner court, domain for men; breathing french air; watching ceremony, festivals and events; simple houseworks like drying, carpet cleaning and hair coloring; lever installation and fire escape. Second, as part of exterior design the typical projecting characteristic of the balconies was emphasized and they became an impotent decorative element. The monotonous facade changed to a lively design with a rhythmical sense. On the facade the effects of horizontal movement, symmetry or asymmetry from the main entrance, and the center-projection (rialto) were created. In the urban housing the balconies were used for cultural activities which supplement and enlarge the function of the interior space, and moreover the rich effects of the facade contributed to the creation of attractive urban landscape.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

This study examines the process of urban formation in the city of Yanji. The analysis is done by the change of street pattern and major facility location in a timely manner by appling space syntax method. This research categorizes the pattern of the urban growth focused on two urban forms, street and major buildings, in the city and is offered of the meaning of the first value on interpretation of the urban growth in the city of Yanji. The result of the research are as follows. First, the period of the city transformation is divided into four stage; intuitive period, grid-iron formative period, consolidation period, and urban expansion period. Second, characteristics of each stage have been analyzed. At the first stage, the city started to frame along both buildings and streets which were placed without a plan. At the second stage, the city was planned and constructed into new grid-iron pattern ignoring existing context by Jananese colony. At the consolidation period, the road system expands from the city center toward suburban. At the last expansion period, the shape of the city has complicated its shape with complex road system. This study contributes to provide a basic analysis and data to investigate how the Yanji city has evolved over period of time. But further continuous research should be done for future urban development of the Yanji city.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The key point of a multimodal LOS (level-of-service) evaluation system is that all of the modes are mutually associated to determine each mode's LOS. For example, the LOS of the bicycle mode is measured based on not only bicycle volumes, but also automobile volumes. However, the Korea Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM) still focuses on the automobile mode in evaluating the LOS of the roads. Additionally, the KHCM's LOS of the other modes, except for the automobile, is not consistent with actual road conditions. The KHCM, therefore, needs to develop and introduce a multimodal LOS system in order to evaluate the service conditions more accurately. METHODS: As a preliminary step to the introduction of multimodal LOS research, in this study the current problem of the KHCM's LOS system through a close review and comparison with other HCMs (highway capacity manuals) was identified. Secondly, a field survey and investigation of the urban streets to apply the HCM's multimodal LOS system was conducted. Finally, a comparison analysis of the results of the HCM and KHCM LOS was performed. RESULTS: In the study, it was found that the results of the LOS for the automobile mode did not show a significant difference between the HCM and KHCM. However, the LOS of the bicycle and pedestrian mode tended to be worse in the multimodal LOS system, which results from considering the effects of the automobile mode. Moreover, it was found that many cases have the potential to improve the overall LOS conditions, while reducing the automobile capacity. CONCLUSIONS: With the introduction of the multimodal LOS system, road diet and complete streets can be easily applied to ans actual road improvement project. Ultimately, the multimodal LOS system should be introduced into the KHCM, which can then be applied to traffic impact studies and other road improvement projects for more accurate evaluations.