• Atmosphere
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.319-330
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• 2023

As the need for PM type observation increases, Surface Particulate Matter Network (SPARTAN), PM samplers analyzes aerosol samples for PM mass concentration and chemical composition, were recently installed at two sites: Yonsei University at Seoul and Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) at Ulsan. These SPARTAN filter samplers and nephelometers provide the PM_2.5 mass concentration and chemical speciation data with aerosol type information. We introduced the overall information and installation of SPARTAN at the field site in this study. After installation and observation, both Seoul and Ulsan sites showed a similar time series pattern with the daily PM_2.5 mass concentration of SPARTAN and the data of Airkorea. In particular, in the case of high concentrations of fine particles, daily average value of PM_2.5 was relatively well-matched. During the Yonsei University observation period, high concentrations were displayed in the order of sulfate, black carbon (BC), ammonium, and calcium ions on most measurement days. The case in which the concentration of nitrate ions showed significant value was confirmed as the period during which the fine dust alert was issued. From the data analysis, SPARTAN data can be analyzed in conjunction with the existing urban monitoring network, and it is expected to have a synergetic effect in the research field. Additionally, the possibility of being analyzed with optical data such as AERONET is presented. In addition, the method of installing and operating SPARTAN has been described in detail, which is expected to help set the stage for the observation system in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.87-94
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• 2012

The primary purposes of this study are to suggest a medium-sized regeneration project which includes the excluded small sites near existing regeneration site, to identify urban improvement type which fits local conditions, and to suggest proper regeneration strategies for the improvement type. Main findings of this study are follows. First, the size of the living environment improvement project in urban area should be larger than 3ha and government's incentives are required for parcel merges to make the medium-size project site. Second, independent type of urban regeneration project should consider local characteristics while center-spread type of urban regeneration project should build a center by providing neighborhood facilities and proper housings. Third, urban regeneration project should be able to utilize local assets, such as cultural heritages, natural landscapes, transportation facilities. Fourth, standards for public support should be prepared to improve local competitiveness. Last, further studies are required for urban regeneration system improvement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.875-882
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• 2015

In 2013, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that outdoor air pollution is carcinogenic to humans, with the particulate matter component of air pollution most closely associated with sufficient evidence of increased cancer incidence by exposure to particulate matter component of air pollution. Motor vehicles are one of a major emission sources of fine particle ($PM_{2.5}$) in urban areas. A large number of epidemiological studies have reported a positive association of morbidity or mortality with distance from the roadside. We conducted this study to assess the association of $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations measured at roadside hotspots with those at adjacent residential sites using real-time $PM_{2.5}$ monitors. We conducted real-time $PM_{2.5}$ measurements for rush hour periods (08:00~10:00 and 18:00~20:00) at 9 roadside air monitoring Hotspot sites in metropolitan Seoul over 3 weeks from October 1 to 21, 2013. Simultaneous measurements were conducted in residential sites within a 100 m radius from each roadside air monitoring site. A SidePak AM510 was used for the real-time $PM_{2.5}$ measurements. Medians of roadside $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations ranged from $9.8{\mu}g/m^3$ to $38.3{\mu}g/m^3$, while corresponding median values at adjacent residential sites ranged from $4.4{\mu}g/m^3$ to $37.3{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations of residential sites were 0.97 times of hotspot roadside sites. Distributions of $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in roadside and residential areas were also very similar. Real-time $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations at residential sites, (100 m adjacent), showed similar levels to those at roadside sites. Increasing the distance between roadside and residential sites, if needed, should be considered to protect urban resident populations from $PM_{2.5}$ emitted by traffic related sources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2007.09a
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• pp.266-292
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• 2007

Round Robin Test (RRT) on ground response analyses was conducted for three sites in Korea based on several site investigation data, which include borehole logs with the N values from standard penetration test (SPT) for all three sites and additionally cone tip resistance profiles for two sites. Three input earthquake motions together with the site investigation data were provided for the RRT. A total of 12 teams participating in this RRT presented the results of ground response analyses using equivalent-linear and/or nonlinear method. Each team determined input geotechnical properties by using empirical relationships and literatures based on own judgment, with the exception of the input motions. Herein, the characteristics of input motions were compared in terms of the frequency and period, and the selection of the depth to bedrock, on which the motions is impinged, was discussed considering geologic conditions in Korea. Furthermore, a variety of geotechnical properties such as shear wave velocity profiles and soil nonlinear curves were investigated with the input properties used in this RRT.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.2 s.53
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• pp.215-225
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• 1996

Decentralization to local governments and amending of Health Center Law are to promote the efforts of health planning at the level of local agencies. In the health facility planning, it is important to take into account that what to be built, where to be located, how far should be service area and so forth, because health facilities are immovable, and require capital as well as personnel and consumable supplies. The aim of our study, answering to the question of 'where to be located?', is to determine the best location of urban health sub-center. At the local level, planning is the matter of finding the best location of specific facilitiy, in relation to population needs. We confine the accessibility, which is basic to location planning, to geographic one. Location-Allocation Model is used to solve the problem where the location is to maximize geographic accessibility. To minimize the weighted travel distance, objective function, $R_k=\sum{\sum}a_{ij}w_{i}d_{ij}$ is used. Distances are measured indirectly by map measure-meter with 1:25,000 Suwon map, and each potential sites, 10 administrative Dongs in Kwonson Gu, Suwon, are weighted by each number of households, total population, maternal age group, child age group, old age group, Relief for the livelihood, and population/primary health clinics. We find that Kuwoon-Dong, Seodun-Dong, Seryu3-Dong, according the descending orders, are best sites which can minimize the weighted distance, and conclude that it is reasonable to determine the location of urban health sub-center among those sites.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.522-532
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• 2018

As the vector-borne diseases rapidly increased due to climate change, we investigated the incidence of flavivirus occurrence among female mosquito species in urban and rural study sites in Daegu and Gunwi, South Korea using Realtime PCR. We collected more individuals and more species of mosquito in 2016 than in 2015. In 2015, we recorded a total of 22,033 mosquitoes (Trap Index, 224.8) representing 10 species from 5 genera, whereas in 2016, a total of 27,137 mosquitoes (Trap Index, 278.7) representing 13 species from 6 genera were collected. The number of mosquitoes in 2016 was higher in all study sites, except in the migratory bird habitats where the number decreased. Of the 14 species collected over the two years, Aedes vexans nipponii and Anopheles spp. were dominant in the cowsheds in rural farmland; Culex pipiens complex, in urban residential areas; and, Anopheles spp. and Cu. pipiens complex in migratory bird habitats caught in a black light trap. Cu. pipiens complex and Ae. albopictus in urban parks and Ae. albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus in migratory bird habitats were the dominant species caught in BG-sentinel traps. We found that the number of mosquitoes was highest during July-September. We analyzed 1,725 pools to detect flavivirus, where Chaoyang virus was detected among Ae. vexans niponii collected from cowsheds in rural farmland in 2016. The increased number of mosquitoes recorded in 2016 was mainly due to increased temperatures in the study areas, and reflected the change in study sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.172-185
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• 2009

This paper presents case histories and research projects related to geotechnical challenges at waste landfill sites in Japan. Due to the limitation of inland space available to waste disposal, coastal landfills and the associated containment systems are important considerations, particularly for metropolitan areas. Experimental works on heavy metals mobility using a large column to simulate the redox potential at the coastal landfill sites are introduced. After the closure of landfill sites, they are expected to be utilized as new land space, since new space is difficult to find in urban area. In the redevelopment of such closed landfill sites, there are possibilities of environmental risks, such as generation of toxic gas and leachate, differential settlement of the waste layer, damage to the lining system. Whether the pile installation through the clay layer acting as a landfill bottom barrier is environmentally acceptable or not has been a great concern in the redevelopment of closed waste landfill sites in particular coastal landfill sites. An analytical study to evaluate the cost-effective remedial option for a dumped waste site located along a landslide area, where cut-off wall keyed into the aquitard might elevate groundwater level and thus may not be employed, is presented.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.1324-1324
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• 2024

India ranks fourth in the world in terms of construction investment (2021), and the construction industry is expected to grow even further in the future due to the influx of people into urban areas. However, considering the state of construction sites near Delhi, there are concerns that the industry will no longer be able to meet the increasingly sophisticated demands of the construction market (quality, construction schedule, safety, etc.). This study will grasp the actual situation of management of building construction sites and consider the problems.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.143-154
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to propose a new development method for urban residential area, considering the urban site and development conditions rather than just meeting the development limit and regulations. Gwangju Metropolitan city is investigated as a case city and the new method verifies a decision process of pertinent development types and housing forms in urban blocks. The consequences of this study are summarized as follows. The process of a new development method consists of four steps; First, current conditions of the residential area of Gwangju are analysed in order to find out the site characteristics and housing development situations. And the theoretical research is made to set up the development goals and objectives, regarding current trends and future paradigms of residential development. Next, the suitable development sites are selected, and their site characteristics and relevant development types for the future are compared and matched with a close analysis. Finally some pertinent housing forms for each development site are suggested, which fit well in terms of urban context and are appropriate for building up sustainable city in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.665-681
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• 2012

This study investigates the influence of anthropogenic heat (AH) release on urban boundary layer in the Gyeong-In region using the Weather Research and Forecasting model that includes the Seoul National University Urban Canopy Model (SNUUCM). The gridded AH emission data, which is estimated in the Gyeong-In region in 2002 based on the energy consumption statistics data, are implemented into the SNUUCM. The simulated air temperature and wind speed show good agreement with the observed ones particularly in terms of phase for 11 urban sites, but they are overestimated in the nighttime. It is found that the influence of AH release on air temperature is larger in the nighttime than in the daytime even though the AH intensity is larger in the daytime. As compared with the results with AH release and without AH release, the contribution of AH release on urban heat island intensity is large in the nighttime and in the morning. As the AH intensity increases, the water vapor mixing ratio decreases in the daytime but increases in the nighttime. The atmospheric boundary layer height increases greatly in the morning (0800 - 1100 LST) and midnight (0000 LST). These results indicate that AH release can have an impact on weather and air quality in urban areas.