• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

There has been an increasingly high interest in gardens and garden design in Korea recently. However, the usage of the term 'garden' is extremely varied and complex, and there has been very little academic research made on the meaning of garden. Therefore, this research attempts to investigate the ideas of current gardens and to elucidate their changing patterns by means of extensive literature research and big data analysis. The notion of garden in the past was broad including not only private space such as Madang(마당) and Teul(뜰), but also even field and grass land as public outdoor space. Yet, the meaning has become smaller to merely private space due to the change of dwelling systems due to high industrial development of the 20th century. Furthermore, the introduction of urban parks as an interactive space between nature and humans, the similar spatial function of gardens, has blurred the boundary between garden and park, which created confusion in understanding the concept of a garden. After all, garden is a subject for humans. The meanings of garden need to be recognized from various points of view since garden itself is a creation by the sum of diverse fields such as natural and social sciences as well as culturology. This discussion on the meaning of garden in the present day will give a conceptual foundation for future research on gardens and garden design. Also, the big data analysis employed here as a research method can help other similar research topics, particularly semantics in landscape architecture.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.5 s.121
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• pp.409-414
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• 2007

The effect of multipath is especially serious in urban area and sea surface where buildings and water reflect GPS signal. Multipath brings about the performance degradation on many GPS application because the presence of multipath causes the diminution of pseudorange measurement accuracy in turn position accuracy. In this paper, a multipath mitigation named weighted correlation method is implemented on software GPS receiver, in which the asymmetric correlation function is compensated by modifying the late correlation value. Asymmetry compensation is obtained as weighted sum of two correlators which have different early-late chip spaces. This structure is adopted to lessen the computation load lower keeping up performance similar to that. The performance of implemented multipath mitigation technique is evaluated using GPS signal and multipath signal generated by GPS signal generator and software GPS receiver. The test results show that the weighted correlation method gives hefter performance than the standard correlator and the narrow correlator.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2016

In the past, the domestic construction industry mainly comprised quantitative investment through the supply of labor force, however, there have recently been opinions that there is a need for qualitative investment in the workers in order to obtain competitiveness in construction markets. Accordingly, there are much re-education courses for workers in the construction industry, but there is much negative awareness as to the efficiency of the current re-education course due to many problems. This study aimed to examine the problems o f currently executed re-education courses and proposed an improvement plan for the qualitative enhancement of domestic construction re-education. Thus, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to deduce two core problems an improvement plan. The improvement plan for the problems comprised the NCS/CDP-based integrative education program through an AHP. The contribution of this paper will result in the execution of a more effective construction industry re-education program, and the result of such program to achieve qualitative growth in the workers in the construction industry

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 2014

This study aimed to grasp Feng Shui Geographical Thought appears in layout, Axial symmetry, hierarchical planning, spatial composition and hidden design techniques of Chinese Garden, that is "Xue effect", "Long-Sha effect" and "Shuikou effect", and to study on expression in Landscape Space. The Author selected the Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden as the object to prove the Layout landscaping techniques; and selected Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Forbidden City, A square design in Xuanwei as the object to prove the Axial Symmetrical and Hierarchical landscaping techniques, and also selected the Lingering G-arden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian as the object to prove the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. The methods of this article is combined Literature survey and Field survey with Case analysis to draw the conclusions as follows: First, "Xue effect" of Chinese Feng Shui Geographical Thought is suitable for the layout of Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden in Suzhou; Second, "Long-Sha effect" is suitable for the urban planning of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasty, and the layout of the Forbidden City, by the city square design in Xuanwei, we can see that it is also suitable for Chinese modern landscape design; Third, "Shuikou effect" is appeared in the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. All of these landscape design techniques are commonly used in China's modern landscape. It has been proved by the analysis of the Lingering Garden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.698-705
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact which the plan characteristics of Residential Land Development Projects have on land price changes in the project district and to derive policy implications for the efficient promotion of these projects. For this purpose, we analyzed the promotion land price change progress of Residential Land Development Projects step-by-step. After theoretical consideration and a review of the references, 16 plan characteristics of Residential Land Development Projects affecting land price changes were selected ((1) The rate of land price change, (2) Business area, (3) Residential land ratio, (4) Commercial land ratio, (5) Semi-residential land ratio, (6) Neighborhood facilities land ratio, (7) Apartment house ratio, (8) Street ratio, (9) Park & green ratio, (10) Ratio of land for schools, (11) Site development cost for $1m^2$, (12) General residential area ratio, (13) Semi-residential area ratio, (14) Commercial area ratio, (15) Semi-Industrial area ratio, and Natural green area ratio). We used SPSS Version 20.0 to analyze the impact of the 16 selected plan characteristics on the land price changes. As a result, it was found that the land price began to rise two years (before/after?) the appointment of the district and became stabilized after the completion of the project. The plan characteristics that affect the land price changes were found to be the (2) Business area, (4) Commercial land ratio, (6) Neighborhood facilities land ratio, (8) Street ratio, (11) Site development cost for $1m^2$, and (12) General residential area ratio.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.614-621
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• 2019

A generalized laminated composite beam element is presented for the flexural and buckling analysis of laminated composite beams with double and single symmetric cross-sections. Based on shear-deformable beam theory, the present beam model accounts for transverse shear and warping deformations, as well as all coupling terms caused by material anisotropy. The plane stress and plane strain assumptions were used along with the cross-sectional stiffness coefficients obtained from the analytical technique for different cross-sections. Two types of one-dimensional beam elements with seven degrees-of-freedom per node, including warping deformation, i.e., three-node and four-node elements, are proposed to predict the flexural behavior of symmetric or anti-symmetric laminated beams. To alleviate the shear-locking problem, a reduced integration scheme was employed in this study. The buckling load of laminated composite beams under axial compression was then calculated using the derived geometric block stiffness. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed beam elements, the results based on three-node beam element were compared with those of other researchers and ABAQUS finite elements. The effects of coupling and shear deformation, support conditions, load forms, span-to-height ratio, lamination architecture on the flexural response, and buckling load of composite beams were investigated. The convergence of two different beam elements was also performed.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 2005

This study gropes for historical geographic approach to regional research in view of new regional geography. A geographical methodology in regional geography pursues the dialectics of concrete totalities. Regional researches think that social processes interact with the uniqueness of regional characteristics and that region is a historical unit which changes dynamically. Time in regional changes is understood in terms of a dialectics of continuity and break. Transition from feudalism to capitalism is the important period which is captured continuity and break simultaneously. Research objects in this research are money, market and city. Money symbolizes transition to capitalism, and market and city have the importance in transition from feudalism to capitalism In Korea, historical geographic approach to money, market and city both in the era of opening ports and in the Japanese colonial times in Korea are important objects in regional geography. Colonial urban research in view of money and market from the era of opening ports to the Japanese colonial times in Korea is a theme which includes a dialectic of concrete totalities in historical geographic approach in regional geography.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2007

Statistical characteristic analysis was carried out using the non-tidal components computed by the harmonic analysis of the tidal elevation data in East coast. The tide gauging stations included in this study are the Sokcho, Mukho, Hupo, Pohang, Ulsan and Ulreungdo stations. In this study, the variance and skewness coefficient (SC) information changes, i.e., the max. value, min. value, mean and standard deviation of the variance and SC, are compared and analysed in detail by the various analysis periods increased from one year to the maximum available period. Based on the result of the statistical information (SI) range analysis, the minimum analysis period required in order to satisfy the confidence interval of the ${\pm}5%$ range of the variance and the ${\pm}0.1$ range of the SC is suggested as the 12 years, except the Ulreungdo stations. The auto-correlation and spectral density change patterns show the very similar shapes in every stations even though the absolute values are a little bit different each other.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2007

A long-term change in the evaporation rate have an influence on the hydrologic processes at the interface between the land surface-air and crop yield. Several previous studies have reported declines in pan evaporation rate, while actual evaporation rate is expected to increase due to anthropogenic global change in the future. The decreasing trend of pan evaporation rate might be involved with global warming and accordingly the trend of annual pan evaporation rate also needs to be checked here in Korea. In this study, 14 points of pan evaporation observation are intensively studied to investigate the trend of pan evaporation for the time period of 1970-2000. Annual pan evaporation is decreasing at the rate of 1.6mm/yr, which corresponds to approximately 50mm for 30 years. Annual pan evaporation rate is larger by $\sim10%$ at the coastal area and decreasing rate is faster as -2.46 mm/yr per year, while that is -0.82 mm/yr per year at the in-land area. The results of the Mann-Kendall trend test shows 4 points are decreasing and 10 points are unchanged with 95% confidence interval. But national annual average values show the decreasing trend of pan evaporation rate as a whole, which corresponds to general trend all over the world. This study will contribute to a variety of studies on water resources, hydrology, agricultural engineering, meteorology, and coastal engineering in association with future global climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

The fundamental study for an application of nanobubble as a soil remediation enhancer on heavy metal contaminated soil was carried out. The existence and long-term stability of hydrogen nanobubbles were investigated by particle analysis and zeta-potential analysis. And the removal efficiency of copper using nanobubble water(NBW) and distilled water(DW) were compared and analyzed through a batch desorption test. As a result, it is confirmed that nanobubble which was fabricated by compression-dissolution type generator can exist for more than 14 days. The results of batch test show that copper removal of NBW was higher than that of DW irrespectively to soil type and increased as solid-liquid ratio and contact time increased, respectively. According to the pH change, the removal of copper on sand was higher on the acid side but the removal difference was slightly lower on the clay. It is considered that a high efficiency of NBW in copper removal is due to the large surface area and high zeta-potential of nanobubbles. Therefore, the nanobubble can be applied to soil remediation for heavy-metal contaminated soil as an eco-friendly enhancer.