• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to classify the building layout and plan types according to the urban location, use and function of civil and to analyze the characteristics by the type classified. After constructing a framework (Mathia type, Nagaya type, Detached House type) for analyzing Modern Private Housing Architecture in Gunsan, the research was conducted on 30 representative buildings, and a plot plan, a floor plan and elevation were created. After analyzing the relationship between the lot of land and the urban street, we classified the type of arrangement into Mathia type and Nagaya type which directly enter the building from the road, and derived the Detached House type which indirectly enters from the road. When we look at the use of the derived arrangement types, most of the Mathia type are commercial and residential buildings, and some of them are specially designed for commercial buildings. The Nagaya type appears in the form of commercial and residential house or residential private house, and the Detached House type is classified as residential style. As a relation with the urban street, the Mathia type and the Nagaya type are generally located on the main urban street, whereas the Detached House type is located on the small urban street. As a result of analyzing, the floor plan was changed according to the plot plan. The plan of the Mathia and Nagaya type are arranged to enter directly from the street, with commercial space being mainly located on the street, and the residential space being composed on the back or the second floor. the plan of the Detached House is a type that enters indirectly into the interior through a separate space (Courtyard), and forms an organic space between the residential interior and the front and rear yard. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Characteristics of a plot plan and a floor plan of Modern Private Housing Architecture in Gunsan by means of analysis considering the urban street, Uses of buildings, Construction method and the yard through actual measurement.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2016

Recently, new detached houses on a small plot in low-rise residential urban area have attracted more public interests than ever before. This study aims to categorize basic types of interior plans in small urban detached houses by analyzing the layouts of the public space(LDK) within them which are popular in Japan. The results of this study may be summarized as follows. Unit floor plans were basically classified as 16 types according to the layout of LDK. Among these, the LDK type in a straight line shows the most at 28.9%. Again, these plans were sub-classified into 38 types by plan composition. The new 'LDKL' (a new term the authors propose to be used) type was observed in cases where K was directly connected to L. This type appears at 9 out of 38 types. In the connection of LDK, the LDK type shows the most at 60.8%; secondly the L-DK type at 29.9%; thereafter the LD-K type at 6.2%; and lastly L-D-K type, the least frequently at 1.0%. The cases of inter-level connection between LDK and the surrounding space were observed in various cases such as the open workplace of the upstairs hallway visually connected with LDK through the void space and as the attic space of the pitched roof visually linked to it.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.38-53
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• 1998

This study quantified annual net carbon uptake by urban landscape trees and provided equations to estimate it for Ginkgo biloba, platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Acer palmatum, based on measurement of exchange rate for two years growing seasons from Sep., 1995 to Aug., 1997. The carbon uptake was significantly influenced by photosynthetic capacity, photon flux density and pruning. Ginkgo biloba showed the highest rate of net CO\sub 2\ uptake per unit leaf area and Acer palmatum did the lowest rate among those species. A tree shaded by adjacent building over the growing seasons showed net CO\sub2\ uptake per unit leaf area much lower than another tree of the same species less shaded. Annual net carbon uptake per tree was 19kg for Zelkova serrata, but only 1 kg for Ginkgo biloba and Platanus occidentalis with crown volume dwarfed from pruning. One Zekoval serrata tree annually offset carbon emission from consumption of about 32 liter of gasoline or 83 kWh of electricity. Strategies to improve CO\sub 2\ uptake by urban landscape trees include planting of species with high potosynthetic capacity, sunlight-guaranteed road and building layout for street trees, planting of shade-tolerant species in the north of buildings, and relocation of utility lines to underground and minimized pruning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.76-90
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to extract landscape design elements regulation of the District Unit Plan(DUP) in new town areas, and to find out characteristics in terms of urban design elements in comparison with the psychological and physical aspects. For this purpose, we reviewed urban design elements and design elements in terms of the landscape by DUP and analyzed the activation of landscape on the selected case-area by interviewing experts such as planners, public officials, and professors in the department of urban planning and landscape, as well as the university students. The analysis framework for the case-study consists of 4 components: the section of region, street, building, open space, etc. The new development areas in Daejeon Metropolitan City was chosen as the case study area, because they have been developed by DUP regulations. As a result of this study, we can extract characteristics of landscape. The results indicate that `skyline design',`view corridor design',`landscape design',`street furniture design' and `building design(form, height, color, and elevation)' are the key planning and design factors influencing differences in the landscape preference. This research identifies that there are no detailed planning and design guidelines adopted within the four case study areas in Daejeon for regulating the characteristics of skyline, planting and street furniture while detailed guidelines established for density, building height and site layout. Considering their significant correlation with the level of landscape preference, this study suggests that detailed planning and design guidelines for the characteristics of skyline, rooftop and streetscape should be established in future DUP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.70-78
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• 2003

From the viewpoint of the importance of the division theory based on topography(pyungsu) derived from the uniqueness in topography, not to mention of the function of ridge in ruban areas, the destroy of ridges should be prevented from the development of hill areas. This study intends to propose the basic concepts and principles to protect the ridge axis with green in open space and landscape planning. The main results are summarized as follows : First, eco-bridge across the ridges will be connected for the purpose of ecosystem restoration. Second, the protection and restoration of green ridge axis can be completed by Green Structure Plan which has principles and standards such as. - layout of development axis and establishment of rules on preservation - the practical use of various preservation methods and the standards suitable to the methods - laying down the standards of restoration according to the height from ground level - the application of zoning such as height district and urban design for preservation Finally, the design of implementation tools must be needed for protection and restoration.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present basic data of basic concept that planners should consider in planning process. For this purpose, we have proposed the determinant factors of basic concept. In particular, this study focuses on the physical planning elements among the various planning elements that determine the basic concept. The research method is the case study and analysis for the competitions of LH for the past four years. After dividing the residential environment area, the planning elements was derived and the planning direction is arranged for the case district. The determinants factor were determined by the structure of each area. Three area, including the degree of urban context, were found to be the main determinants of the basic idea. The results of the study are as follows. (1) The degree of reflection of urban context, the degree of effort to resolve environmental influences are determinant factors of basic concept. (2) The degree of connection between urban and site area, the degree of overlapping of the boundaries, and street are determinant factors of basic concept. (3) The degree of appropriateness of the residential layout, the degree of rationality of the moving plan, the adequacy of the community space plan are determinant factors of basic concept.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

National Housing in Janghang was built intensively from the mid 1970s to the early 1980s, and has become a collective complex at Jangma-ro and Shinchangdong-ro. This Company House is a typical building for employee welfare, at the same time shows modern industrialization and urbanization. In general, it forms a housing complex and serves as industrial town. Reflecting the characteristics of Janghang, the housing complex is called National House based on the supply method and is also classified French Styled House in terms of housing style. Although Janghang was one of small local administrative units, it pursued urban style with mini-2-story. It has the typical characteristics as follows: division of the owner's living space and rental room, and independent layout of restrooms and washrooms. House is transformed to accommodate residents' lifestyles, so National Housing Complex of Janghang has undergone various changes such as the replacement of spatial structures and exterior materials for 40 years after construction. National Housing in Janghang is a symbol of local identity and an important spatial asset that shows the urban and architectural characteristics and changes.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.275-289
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• 2008

Large eddy simulations have been performed within and over different types of urban building arrays. This paper adopted three dimensionless parameters, building frontal area density (${\lambda}_f$) the variation degree of building height (${\sigma}_h$), and the staggered degree of building range ($r_s$), to study the systematic influence of building spacing, height and layout on wind and turbulent characteristics. The following results have been achieved: (1) As ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.25 to 0.18, the mean flow patterns transfer from "skimming" flow to "wake interference" flow, and as ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.06 to 0.04, the mean flow patterns transfer from "wake interference" flow to "isolated roughness" flow. With increasing ${\lambda}_f$, wind velocity within arrays increases, and the vortexes in front of low buildings would break, even disappear, whereas the vortexes in front of tall buildings would strengthen and expand. Tall buildings have greater disturbance on wind than low buildings do. (2) All the wind velocity profiles and the upstream profile converge at the height of 2.5H approximately. The decay of wind velocity within the building canopy was in positive correlation with ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$. If the height of building arrays is variable, Macdonald's wind velocity model should be modified through introducing ${\sigma}_h$, because wind velocity decreases at the upper layers of the canopy and increases at the lower layers of the canopy. (3) The maximum of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) always locates at 1.2 times as high as the buildings. TKE within the canopy decreases with increasing ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$ but the maximum of TKE are very close though ${\sigma}_h$ varies. (4) Wind velocity profile follows the logarithmic law approximately above the building canopy. The Zero-plane displacement $z_d$ heighten with increasing ${\lambda}_f$, whereas the maximum of and Roughness length $z_0$ occurs when ${\lambda}_f$ is about 0.14. $z_d$ and $z_0$ heighten linearly with ${\sigma}_h$ and $r_s$, If ${\sigma}_h$ is large enough, $z_d$ may become higher than the average height of buildings.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine if orientation, location of entrance, court yard of existing old houses are consistently maintained when houses are newly built fitting the changed lots system, and the changed road system for Topdong 'Yangdalmal' in the existing old settlements in old center Cheongju. The lots was spilt up into 15 lots in 1913, 38 lots in 1968, and 75 lots in 2010. Among them, The lots maintained are 19 lots and the lots subdivided are 56 lots. 12 houses are newly built among the 19 shape-maintained lots and 41 houses are newly built among the 56 split up lots. Most of the new houses have south-facing orientation. Main entrance near the old road keeps the direction of the previous entry. Houses built in 1970s and 1980s keep their original court yards but they are disappearing year by year by new type of houses in 1990s.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2012

There is little information about appropriate greenspace structures to satisfy aesthetic function in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean's aesthetic preferences for greenspace structures concerned with urban tree plantings of an areal type to explore desirable greenspace landscapes. The study considered 5 structural variables of greenspace which were species composition, tree density, tree size, vertical and horizontal structure, and tree layout pattern. A photo-questionnaire was prepared through color simulations of different landscape types for each structural variable. Preference responses of an interval-scale rating from 214 respondents were statistically analyzed between landscape types and between respondent groups. Respondents preferred greenspace landscapes with diverse tree species to single species, higher tree density to lower density, larger trees to many smaller trees, multilayered and grouped plantings to single-layered and sparse plantings, and informal pattern to formal pattern. These preferences tended to be relatively higher for educated specialist and student groups than for other generalist group. Thus, multilayered and dense plantings in natural pattern including larger trees of diverse species, which are similar to ecological plantings, are recommended to increase aesthetic function of greenspace.