• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.867-881
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• 2009

This study's goal is to compare influencing factors to life satisfaction and sport participation of the elderly in the rural and urban area. And it is to provide basic information that is appropriate to the local peculiarity. In the research, we used the 2006 KLoSA, got the following result through the more than 60 years old 502 peoples in the rural area and 1129 in the urban area. There were significant differences of factors related to the life satisfaction between rural and urban elderly, and the most sport participants have higher life satisfaction than non-participants. Through the probit analysis, the result shows that significant factors affecting sport participation for the rural elderly are gender, age, working/retired, and for urban elderly, the education level and income are added. About the participation, there were also significant differences on the participation frequency for the rural elderly and on the participation hours for urban elderly. The significant factors of life satisfaction for rural elderly are the education level, subjective health, and sport participation, and for urban elderly were the education level, income, subjective health, and sport participation. Overall, it shows the urban elderly have higher life satisfaction than the rural elderly. The welfare system to improve the sports participation and life satisfaction needs the differentiated support reflecting the social demographic characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.811-827
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to depression of female elderly living alone by region. Data for this study was based on the 2011 National Survey on Elderly. Total of 1,684(689 rural elderly, 995 urban) community samples of female elderly living alone participated in this study. Even though there was no difference of depression score by region, this study found that the effects of factors on depression were significantly different by region. Yearly income, subjective health, balanced exchange of emotional support and satisfaction with their children were significantly associated with depression of both rural and urban female elderly living alone. For rural female elderly living alone, average daily television viewing time, number of close friends and frequency of contact with friends/neighbors were significant predictors to their depression. In the case of urban female elderly living alone, exercise, frequency of message, email or telephone contact with friends/ neighbors and balanced exchange of economic support contributed significantly to the prediction of depression. Subjective health had the strongest effect on depression for both rural and urban female elderly living alone.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.87-97
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• 2013

This study tried to explore the quantitative travel heterogeneity between elderly and non elderly people, focusing on urban and rural areas in south Chungcheong province. For the analysis, a PLS(Partial least square) model is applied with economic and traffic environment characteristics of the urban and rural areas. The characteristics of elderly and non elderly people in the urban and rural areas are derived from the 2011 person trip survey. As a result, the study found out that the key factors affect on elderly people in the urban and rural areas are bus operation interval, number of bus operation routes, number of household member, and a monthly average income of household. In case of non elderly people, areas economic factors such as GRDP, the rate of economic activity, and employment status as well as those of elderly people. Meanwhile, female elderly people in rural area have more sensitivity compared to male elderly people and the gender heterogeneity is not revealed in non elderly people.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the elderly in urban and rural ares. The subjects were selected in a convenient sampling and the total number was 189(Urban : 95, Rur al : 94). The data were collected by one to one interviews in the period of Sep. 1-30, 1995(Koje) and March 15-28, 1997 (Taejon). The study tools for this study were 1) ADL and IADL 2) Self rating scores for health status. The data were analyzed by percentage, T-test, ANOVA, $X^2$ Test, Pearson correlation coefficiency by SPSS pc WIN. 7.0 program. The results were as follows: 1. The self rating score for health status of the elderly in urban area was lower than that of the rural when compared in the same age group. 2. In the comparison of ADL scores between the elderly in urban and rural areas, there was no statistically significant difference. The IADL score of the rural elderly were higher than that of the urban elderly and there was a statistically significant difference. 3. In the comparison of ADL & IADL scores according to the self rating score for health status, there was a statistically significant difference among health status levels.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2015

Shared housing for elderly people, where several elderly people live together, gains attention as a means to prevent the lonely death of elderly people and continuously maintain their social relations. The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics planned through rural and urban areas-residing elderly people's participation in the shared housing spatial composition by area. This study conducted a small scale workshop panel method that targeted small group, but through which extensive information can be acquired, as a qualitative method. This study targeted 16 elderly people aged 65 and over living in rented apartments in rural and urban areas by dividing them two groups by area, namely into four groups. A total of 12 workshop sessions were held with three sessions at a time through a certain time interval. As a result of the study, the elderly people showed positive responses to the shared housing, irrelevant of area. As time went on, the workshop panel method's effect was revealed through consolidated positive attitude and agreement of different opinions. The shared housing for elderly people is valuable as a residential alternative for elderly people, and differentiated supply of the shared housing for elderly people, according to residential area's characteristics, is suggested.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.531-544
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the barrier factors of health behaviors of urban and rural elderly and to compare the health behaviors and level of barriers between two groups, and finally to get the basic informations about the adequate nursing strategies to promote the health state of urban and rural elderly. The subjects of this study were 177 over the age of 65, 81 elderly lived in Seoul and 96 elderly lived in rural areas. The instruments for this study were the health behavior scale(14 items) and the barrier scale (118 items) developed by Gu et al(2003). For the data analysis, SPSS PC program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$- test, t-test, Pearson correlation. The results of this study were ; 1. The mean score of health behaviors (range 1-4) was 2.69 in urban elderly and 2.33 in rural elderly ; there was significant difference(t=5.03, P=.00). 2. There were significant differences in levels of barriers(range 1-3) between the two groups, such as calcium intake(t=-3.16, P=.00), regular exercise(t=-3.80, P=.00), exercise time(t=-5.54, P=.00), use of stress reduction method(t=-3.45, P=.00), regular check up(t=-3.89, P=.00), vaccination(t=-3.83, P=.00). Higher levels of barriers were found in rural elderly than in urban elderly. 3. Lack of habituation, lack of will power and lack of knowledge in calcium intake; lack of time, lack of habituatuion, lack of family support, lack of will power and lack of environment in exercise; lack of perceived benefit, lack of time, lack of will power and lack of knowledge in use of stress reduction method; lack of time, lack of interest, lack of habituation and lack of will power in disease prevention were significantly higher in rural elderly than in urban elderly. In the conclusion, nursing interventions should be planned based on the social environment of elderly. To promote the health state of elderly, interventions to decrease the barrier levels and to reduce the barrier factors to health behaviors should be implemented.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-47
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to explore rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elders and to find out their residential satisfaction and its related variables. The data were gathered through the questionnaire survey from 241 rural elderly over 70 aged living in Gyeonggi province during July 2005. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Those who are men, having experience living in urban area, and favorable perception to social relation with other residences prefer the rural area to urban area as living place for the elderly ; 2) Those who are subjectively perceived healthy and favorable perception to social relation with other residences tend to be in higher residential satisfaction than other groups ; 3) Such variables as age, educational background, living term in community and urban area were not significant to rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elders and residential satisfaction; 4) Such variables as identification as community residences, people-oriented personality, sex and having experience living in urban area explained 26.4% of variance in rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elders ; 5) Such three variables as identification as community residences, relationship with the primary group and age explained 55.2% of variances in residential satisfaction; 6) In shortly, the most influential factor to rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elder and residential satisfaction was their identification as community residences.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.135-139
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• 2008

A rural area of Korea is inferior compare to urban areas in physical settlements, and an elderly people of the inhabitant increased and it is not easy to see young people in a rural villages. It comes from income difference between industrial type and area and leaving rural area are the accelerated and repeated, and resident who live in rural area after twenty to thirty years can be an elderly society A settlement of rural area is needed settlement rehabilitation for elderly society as follows first, a model development and public support of settlement rehabilitation for rural areas. Second, village remodeling of farming village for elderly are discussed. The rehabilitate rural villages is expected an immigration from urban area which over crowding, and eco tour as new industry.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Background: South Korea is one of fastest aging countries in the world. Poor balance and falls of the elderly are main health issues. Objects: The goal of this study was to understand the association between the socioeconomical factors and the standing balance of elderly living in the rural and urban area. Methods: One hundred sixty-six elderly participants who were older than 65 and were able to walk without an assistive device were recruited in the city of Gwangju and in the rural area of Jeonnam, South Korea. All participants performed the static and dynamic standing balance tests. Static standing balance was measured with chronometer in seconds while standing on one leg. Dynamic balance was tested with the timed up and go test (TUG), measured in seconds while getting up from a chair and walking 3 meters and back to sit. The static and dynamic standing balance was analyzed using analysis of variance and the Fisher's Least Significant Difference post hoc test. Results: Male participants from both areas had no difference in one leg standing and TUG. The female elderly living in rural area took shorter in TUG than females living in urban area. Age decreased the one leg standing time in both areas while did not affect the TUG significantly. As the monthly income increased, both of one leg standing and TUG increased in urban area, while the medium monthly income showed best performance (it was not statistically significant) in both of one leg standing and TUG in rural area. Conclusion: Socioeconomical factors affects differently the standing balance of the elderly living in rural and urban South Korea. Female living alone in urban area with low monthly income demonstrated worst standing balance in this study.