• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2016

From 2000s, modular construction has gained more attention due to many advantages such as reduction of duration, recycling. The modular structure is being used for urban regeneration recently. However, even though most facilities in the modular structures which are used as urban regeneration building are commercial spaces, exhibition spaces, eating and drinking spaces, there are lack of natural or mechanical ventilation systems. Also, there are relatively limited spaces on modular structure characteristic. Therefore, indoor environment performance of four buildings, which are performed as urban regeneration in Seoul, was evaluated by HCHO and $CO_2$ emissions. Consequently, the HCHO and $CO_2$ emissions of the commercial and exhibition spaces were confirmed that can influence on health of occupants. Therefore, the urban regeneration modular structure needs to add local ventilation systems for improvement of indoor air quality to more healthy and comfortable.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2016

The development impact fee (DIF) zoning is used to adequately provide the pre-planned urban infrastructures in those urban and regional sectors where significant urban sprawl has already taken place followed by the rapid population growth. The infrastructure installation fees are levied to those landowners whose properties belong to the DIF zone in which they enjoy the direct benefits that accrue from the installed infrastructures. While the law is deemed to be equitable in that the actual beneficiaries pay for their benefits, it is required to designate the zone boundaries accurately and consistently since they are the very dividers that differentiate the legitimate fee-payers and the free-riders. This study, especially, tries to test a seemingly advanced alternative, so-called the cost-weighted distance measure, as a potential candidate to replace the current air-distance measures to designate the zone boundaries. The statistics indicate that the coefficient of variation for major indices spread from 11.75 to 35.6 in the case of the latter method, it only ranges from 0.21 to 0.76 in the case of the former. The zonal outcomes also show much higher consistency in their shapes. It is hoped, in this context, that the study findings could possibly be adopted in the future research efforts expected soon to amend and improve the current DIF zoning law.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2023

Cities cover only 3% of the planet's surface, yet they are responsible for more than 75% of the global emissions. Given the projected urban built area will double by 2060, the carbon emitted from cities will further increase. SOM proposes the Urban Sequoia concept, for buildings that go beyond 'net zero' and absorb carbon from the atmosphere. This concept combines multiple strategies, including the use of an optimised building form with a highly efficient structural system, modularized prefabrication techniques, holistic integration of facade, MEP and interiors' components, bio-based materials, and Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology, to reduce a 40-storey building's whole life cycle carbon emissions by more than 300% over a 100-year lifespan. Calculations of embodied carbon emissions are performed with SOM's in-house Environmental Analysis (EA) Tool to demonstrate the effectiveness of employing Urban Sequoia's design strategies in the design of new buildings using current technologies.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

In this study, we characterized the physical form of allergenic Cry j 1 in the urban atmosphere. Through an immunofluorescence antibody method, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1 exists as fine particles (${\leq}1.1{\mu}m$). To determine Cry j 1 concentrations and its particle size distribution, we used the ELISA method to confirm that most Cry j 1 exists as fine particles in the urban atmosphere and is found at high concentrations on fine day next to rainy day. Furthermore, we evaluated Cry j 1 denaturation by using the Biacore J system based on the surface plasmon resonence (SPR) principle and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We showed that the dissociation constant ($K_D$) of Cry j 1 that has been exposed to urban polluted air is lower ($1.76{\times}10^{-14}$ M) than that of Cry j 1 ($1.32{\times}10^{-9}-3.37{\times}10^{-9}$ M) of original pollen grains that has not been exposed to air pollutants. Cry j 1 turns into low molecular weight proteins by reacting with various acidic solutions. In sum, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1 exists as fine particles that can deposit in the lower respiratory tract. This finding clarifies the relationship between Japanese cedar pollinosis and air pollutants.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.329-342
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyzed the requirements for the application of UAM, a new concept to solve the traffic congestion in large cities. First, the current domestic and foreign status of research and development related to UAM was investigated and the pros and cons and the time required for each mission radius were analyzed for various configurations of aircraft being commercialized. In addition, in order to analyze the market acceptance of the UAM, the individual's consciousness and reliability requirements were identified and safety requirements were analyzed through accident rate data for each aircraft type. Because it operates in a densely populated urban area, requirement analyses on noise and exhaust, which are environmental factors that can affect the community were performed, and requirements related to aircraft performance, certification standards, and airworthiness standards of FAA and EASA were also analyzed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2024

An intensive observing period (IOP) of heatwaves in the urban region of Seoul in the summer of 2023 was carried out to understand the changes in air temperature and road temperature induced by environmental conditions. The temperature observed at eight points with different urban environmental conditions was compared with the temperature by the KMA/AWS to analyze the characteristics of change in air temperature by height and the change in road temperature according to environmental conditions and road sprinkler. The comparison of the average temperature observed in different urban environmental conditions with the temperature observed at KMA/AWS showed that the air temperature in asphalt and open space sites was 0.7 to 2.3℃ higher and that the one in bus stops was 0.9 to 2.3℃ higher. In terms of temperature deviations depending on residential type, the temperature in highly populated areas was about 0.1 to 0.8℃ higher than that of apartment complexes. In addition, regardless of the size of a park, the temperature in the park was lower than the temperature in dense housing areas and apartment complexes. In asphalt and residential areas, the road temperature was higher than the temperature at a height of 150 cm, Conversely, road temperature was lower than air temperature in a shaded shelter and large park. In addition, after spraying a surface road, the road temperature immediately dropped by about 3 to 4℃; however, after about 20 minutes, it rose again to the previous road temperature. This change in road temperature appeared only for the temperature of 30 cm height.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of traffic-related air pollution on the urban population in the Metropolitan Seoul area. In particular, this study analyzes urban population exposure to traffic-related particulate materials(PM). For the purpose, this study examines the relationships between traffic flows and PM concentration levels during the last fifteen years. Traffic volumes have been decreased significantly in recent year in Seoul, however, PM levels have been declined less compare to traffic volumes. It may be related with the rapid growth in the population and vehicle numbers in Gyenggi, the outskirt of Seoul, where several New Towns have been developed in the middle of 1990's. The spatial pattern of commuting has changed, and thus and travel distances and traffic volumes have increased along the main roads connecting CBDs in Seoul and New Towns consisting of large residential apartment complexes. These changes in traffic flows and travel behaviors cause increasing exposure to traffic-related air pollution for urban population over the Metropolitan Seoul area. GIS techniques are applied to analyze the spatial patterns of traffic flows, population distributions, PM distributions, and passenger flows comprehensively. This study also analyzes real time base traffic flow data and passenger flow data obtained from T-card transaction database applying data mining techniques. This study also attempts to develop a space-time model for assessing journey-time exposure to traffic related air pollutants based on travel passenger frequency distribution function. The results of this study can be used for the implications for sustainable transport systems, public health and transportation policy by reducing urban air pollution and road traffics in the Metropolitan Seoul area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2003

Urban air quality is usually worse than that of rural counterpart. The contrasting atmospheric properties seem to be direct result of different urban-rural air pollutant emission. Hence, the emission estimation of air pollutants plays an important role to the atmospheric environmental management. The main purpose of this study is to find out the temporal and spatial distribution of air pollutant emission in Daegu area. For the study, the Daegu statistical yearbook and data of waste facilities and the report on traffic survey issued by Daegu metropolitan city and the statistical yearbook on the road capacity issued by the ministry of construction and transportation are used. Each item for the emission estimation is $SO_2$, CO, HC, $NO_x$, PM-10 from point, line and area source. The result were as follow; (1) The air pollutants with the highest amount of emission from the emission source is CO followed by $NO_x$, $SO_2$, PM-10, HC in descending order of magnitude. (2) The annually totaled air pollutant emission consists of 81%(73,185 ton/year) of line, 11%(9,589% ton/year) of area and 8%(7,445 ton/year) of point source in Daegu. Air polluant emission was mainly due to line sources. (3) High-emission of the air pollutants of line source appeared ariond Bukgu, Dalseonggun, Dongu and Seogu ; the areas with highway networks.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.235-253
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• 2017

This study was conducted for analyzing the contribution factors on ozone concentrations and its long term trends in each major city and province in Korea through several statistical methods such as simple linear regression, generalized linear model, KZ-filer, correlation matrix, Kringing method, and cluster analysis. The overall ozone levels in South Korea have been consistently increasing over the past 10 years. The ozone concentrations in Seoul, the biggest city in Korea, are the lowest in all areas with the highest increasing ratio for $95^{th}%$ ozone. It is thought that the active photochemical reaction could affect the higher ozone concentration increase. On the other hand, the ozone concentrations in Jeju are the highest in Korea with the highest increasing ratio for $5^{th}%$, $33^{th}%$, and $50^{th}%$ ozone. It is also thought that the weak $NO_x$ titration could be the reason of higher ozone concentrations in Jeju. In case of Jeju, transport related factors is the major factor affecting the ozone trend. Thus, it is assumed that the variation of ozone trend of Asian region affecting the ozone trend in Jeju, where domestic ozone photochemical reaction is less active than urban area. It is thought that the photochemical reaction plays the role of increasing of ozone concentrations in the urban area, even though the LRT affected on the increase of ozone concentrations in non-urban area.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2016

Micro dust is closely related to real life. Especially, the micro dust forecasting system is being implemented from February 2014. Reliability of data through air pollution monitoring network is important. The Ministry of Environment operates 506 air pollution monitoring networks (11 types) to analyze national air quality and establish air policies. However, there is not enough system to confirm and check the site suitability of the measurement site. Therefore, this study analyzes urban space using GIS. Assess the appropriateness and equity of air pollution measurement facilities. The final goal is to reflect the results of the analysis into the Seoul Metropolitan Air Pollution Monitoring Network Installation Plan.