• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.238-248
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• 2020

본 연구는 상향 사회비교를 통해 발생 되는 긍정과 부정의 감정을 균형 있게 살펴보고 발생 된 감정의 결과가 SNS 이용자의 게시 행태에 미치는 영향을 탐구한다. 특히, 본 연구는 상향 사회비교가 SNS의 팔로워와 게시자의 SNS 이용행태에 미치는 영향력과 팔로워가 다시 게시자가 되는 소셜 네트워크 순환의 구조적 원리를 체계적으로 규명해보고자 한다. 분석 결과, 상호작용 성향의 팔로워는 부정적인 상향 사회비교와 긍정적인 상향 사회비교를 하였으며, 부정적인 상향 사회비교는 독립 성향 게시를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 긍정적인 상향 사회비교는 독립 성향 게시와 상호작용 성향 게시 모두를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 SNS에서 사회비교 이론이 부정적 상향 비교에만 치우쳐져 있던 선행 연구의 결과를 긍정적 상향 비교까지 확장 시켰다는 데 의의가 있다. 더불어, 본 연구는 SNS 플랫폼 운영자들에게 SNS 이용자들이 다른 플랫폼으로 이탈하지 않는 방안에 대한 실무적 전략을 제시하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1626-1638
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• 2019

Social Networking Sites (SNS) provide people with unique online social interaction environments where users can disclose their thoughts, feelings, and opinions to their personal contacts. Although previous studies have suggested that such activities produce positive effects on SNS user well-being, this study considered potential negative effects by investigating the relationship between SNS use and depression. In particular, This stydy examined how specific activities are related to different types of social comparison (upward/downward/horizontal) and how these different types of social comparison influence depressed moods among college students. The analysis of a survey of 245 Instagram users found that (1) looking at other people's status updates and commenting on other people's photos influences upward social comparison, (2) frequency of Instagram use predicts upward/downward/horizontal social comparison, and (3) upward social comparison was postively associated with depression, while downward social comparison was negatively associated with depression. Furthermore, the path anlaysis show that social comparison mediates the effect of Instagram use on depression. It suggests that Instagram use does not directly increase depression but it can lead to depression when social comparison on Instagram triggers depression.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.4-30
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• 2023

Previous research has empirically demonstrated the negative effects of social media use on young people's psychological well-being. Unlike most previous studies that focused on either Facebook or Instagram, this study comparatively examined the differences in upward comparison and its effects on self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression between Facebook and Instagram. An analysis of survey data from 641 Korean college students, who reportedly use these two social media more actively than any other age group, found that college students experience more upward comparisons on Instagram than on Facebook. Upward comparisons on both Facebook and Instagram increased by college students' age and weekly usage time. Upward comparisons on Instagram increased by the additional factors of gender (females more than males) and number of "followings." Subsequently, the effects of upward comparison on psychological well-being were found to differ by social media platform. Upward comparisons were found to negatively impact all determinants of psychological well-being only on Instagram, but not on Facebook. The differences in upward comparison and its impact on young users' psychological well-being found in this study were discussed in terms of the different functional characteristics of the two social media platforms, which provides direction for further research needed to establish guidelines for healthy social media use by young people.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.353-367
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of middle school students'self-deprecation in the relationship between upward social comparison in social network service (SNS) and depression and the moderated mediating effect of cognitive flexibility. The participants were 288 middle school students, in the first to third grades from four middle schools located in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and Jeonnam. The date were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients and the Process Macro Model 4, 1, and 14. The results of this study are as follows. First, an upward comparison in SNS has a significant positive influence on students'depression, and students' self-deprecation of students mediated the relation between two. Second, the level of control, which is a sub-factor of cognitive flexibility, moderated the mediating effect of self-deprecation. That is, if students are more likely to perceive difficult situations as controllable, upward social comparison in SNS mediated by self-deprecation has smaller effect on depression. Based on these results, we suggest practical interventions to reduce depression among middle school students by decreasing upward social comparison in SNS and self-deprecation. In addition, helping students perceive difficult situations as controllable could be another effective way of reducing depression among those students who have a high level of self-deprecation in upward social comparison in SNS.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this descriptive study was to identify the factors influencing depression risk among South Korean nursing students. Methods: The data were collected from nursing students attending two universities through web-based questionnaires that surveyed them about depression, academic stress, social network service (SNS) addiction tendency, and upward social comparison from August 22 to September 4, 2021. The collected data from 196 nursing students were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean score of depression (using CES-D Korean version) among nursing students was 13.91, which denotes probable depression. Concerning the variance with regard to depression among nursing students, 20.2% was explained by clinical practice period, academic stress, and upward social comparison. Conclusion: Programs to relieve academic stress and depression should be developed in a simple way and systematically provided at the organizational level so that nursing students secure sufficient support during the initial and continuing period of clinical practicums. Concomitantly, an attempt to reduce the upward social comparison should be highly considered.

• 감성과학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2023

본 연구는 초기 성인의 조건부 자아존중감이 열등감에 미치는 영향에서 SNS 상향비교와 SNS 이용동기가 어떠한 역할을 하는지 탐색하고자 하였다. 선행연구를 토대로 각 변인들의 관계에 대한 연구모형을 설정하여, 조절된 매개 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 온라인 설문지를 구성한 후, SNS를 이용하는 초기 성인 400명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 최종적으로 총 351부를 분석에 활용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조건부 자아존중감, SNS 상향비교, SNS 이용동기, 그리고 열등감은 모두 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 조건부 자아존중감이 열등감에 영향을 미쳤으며 SNS 상향비교는 완전 매개하였다. 셋째, SNS 상향비교와 열등감의 관계에서 SNS 이용동기의 조절을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 조건부자아존중감이 SNS 상향비교를 매개로 열등감에 미치는 간접효과를 SNS 이용동기의 영향으로 조절하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 초기 성인이 열등감을 경험하는 것과 관련하여 심리적이고 정서적인 함의를 제시하였다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2022

This study investigates an association among Facebook users' upward comparison (e.g., envy), social support (e.g., favorable comments and like), and life satisfaction, putting their self-esteem as a mediating variable. For this analysis, 1,332 female and male Facebook users in Seoul and other four cities in South Korea were surveyed. Structural equation modeling including confirmative factor analysis were employed as quantitative analysis methods. Results show that Facebook users' upward comparison with other users and social support significantly impact their satisfaction mediated by their self-esteem. Specifically, when users feel envious of other users, this emotion lowers their self-esteem, and subsequently, the self-esteem reduces their satisfaction. On the other hand, sufficient social support for users positively affects their self-esteem, which leads to the increase of their satisfaction. The present study is differentiated from previous studies in that it focuses on Facebook users' emotional changes in the process of sharing massive amounts of posts and finds a stepwise relationship among their feelings, including self-esteem as a mediating variable. Additionally, this study is the first to verify a situation when Facebook users' envy of other users' posts affects the decline in their satisfaction through the mediation of their self-esteem.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.154-161
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• 1997

Several studies have developed upward flame spread models which use somewhat different features. However, the models have not considered the transient effects of the igniter and the burning rate. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine a generalized upward flame spread model which includes these effects. We shall compare the results with results from simpler models used in the past in order to examine the importance of the simplifying assumptions. We compare these results using PMMA, and we also include experimental results for comparison. The results of the comparison indicate that flame velocity depends on the thermal properties of a material, the specific model for flame length and transient burning rate, as well as other variables including the heat flux by igniter and flame itself. The results from the generalized upward flame spread model can provide a prediction of flame velocity, flame and pyrolysis height, burnout time and position, and rate of energy output as a function of time.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.574-590
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• 2016

본 연구는 SNS에서의 다양한 형태의 사회 비교 경험들이 SNS 이용자들의 삶의 만족도에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, SNS에서의 사회 비교 경험 유형으로서 상향 대조, 상향 동일시, 하향 대조, 하향 동일시 등 4가지를 도출하여 이들 경험 유형들이 SNS 이용자의 삶의 만족도에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보았다. 또한 영향 과정에서 인구 통계학적 요인들, SNS 이용 시간, 오프라인 사회자본 및 사회비교 지향성 등을 통제 변인으로서 고려하였으며, 사회 비교 경험들과 삶의 만족도 관계에서 사회비교 지향성의 조절 효과 역시 살펴보았다. 자료 수집을 위해선 온라인 설문을 이용하였고, 수집된 자료는 위계적 회귀 분석을 통해 분석되었다. 분석의 결과 연령과 혼인 여부가 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 가족 및 관심사가 맞는 클럽/단체 활동 참여 정도가 삶의 만족도와 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 분석 결과에 따르면 4가지 사회 비교 경험 유형 중 상향 대조와 상향 동일시만이 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회 비교 지향성은 상향 동일시 경험과 삶의 만족도 관계에서만 조절 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, SNS에서의 사회 비교 경험들을 이해함에 있어 기존 연구와는 다른 새로운 시각들이 필요함에 대해서도 또한 논의되었다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2013

This study examines whether product promotions are influenced by the market standing of promoted products, using social comparison theory (upward versus downward comparisons). It is hypothesized that people in possession of a product that is inferior to the one on promotion express less discomfort about the promotion and use the information more than do people in possession of a superior product. People in possession of an inferior product may also exhibit more positive attitudes toward the product on promotion, but may show poorer attitudes toward their own possessed product than do people with a superior product. This is because people in an inferior socioeconomic position show a strong motivation to improve themselves through upward social comparison, whereas people in a superior socioeconomic position maintain a strong sense of superiority in downward social comparison, which suggests strong endowment effects. The findings mainly support the hypotheses, and suggest that sales promotions are more effective for people who currently own an inferior product, but not for people with a superior product, who have a strong motivation to maintain their sense of superiority. The findings also imply that, in order to attract consumers in the superior market, managers for inferior products need to turn to methods other than sales promotions, which may include introducing a new brand or sub-brand, or emphasizing luxury and modern features. In contrast, managers for superior products may emphasize product functions and attributes of superior products in their promotions, as people with inferior products may consider such information as benefits of the superior products.