• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw surface covering of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed ($1.21km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongancheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran), a physically based distributed hydrological model was applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow was 0.62~0.78 and the NSE for water quality (Sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.68, 0.60, and 0.58 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw covering reduced surface runoff average 10 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration parameter (INFILT) in the model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of Sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as Sediment and T-P.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.237-241
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• 2005

The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in a small watershed were investigated and the effect of geology and land use on soil quality were examined by using multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. It was considered that the accumulation of salts in the farmland soils indicated by electrical conductivity, contents of cations and anions and pH was caused by fertilizer input during cultivation. The contents of inorganic components are increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest. The results of two discriminant analyses using water extractable inorganic components and their ratios by land use were also clearly classified by discriminant function 1 and 2. In discriminant analysis by components, discriminant function 1 indicated the effect of fertilizer application and increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest soil.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

This study is to assess the effect of non-point source pollution discharge loads between tillage and no-tillage applications for upland crop areas using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) watershed modeling. For Byulmi-cheon small rural catchment ($1.17km^2$) located in upstream of Gyeongan-cheon watershed, the rainfall, discharge and stream water quality have been monitored in the catchment outlet since 2011. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated in hourly basis using 19 rainfall events during 2011-2013. The average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and $R^2$ (determination coefficient) for streamflow were 0.67 and 0.79 respectively. Using the 10 % surface runoff reduction from experiment results for no-tillage condition in field plots of 3 % and 8 % slopes under sesami cultivation, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity for upland crop areas was adjusted from 0.001 mm/hr to 0.0025 mm/hr in average. Under the condition, the catchment sediment, T-N (total nitrogen, TN), and T-P (total phosphorus, TP) discharge loads were reduced by 6.9 %, 7.4 %, and 7.7 % respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1988

고추의 연작장해(連作障害) 요인(要因)을 분석(分析)하여 연작지토양개량(連作地土壤改良)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 1985~1986년(年) 2개년(個年) 동안 전북(全北) 임실군(任實郡) 관촌(館村)의 고추 주산단지(主産團地)에서 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였던바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사지역(調査地域)의 연작면적비율(連作面積比率)은 2년연작(年連作)이 12.7%였으며 3년연작(年連作)이 6.8%, 4년이상연작(年以上連作)은 48.9% 였다. 2. 연작지(連作地)의 토양이화학성(土壤理化學性) 특성(特性)은 토양경도(土壤硬度)가 높고 토양삼상중(土壤三相中) 기상(氣相)의 비(比)가 낮았으며 유효인산(有效燐酸)은 508 ppm, 치환성가리(置換性加里) 0.86me/100g로 적정치(適正値)보다 월등(越等)히 높았다. 3. 토양미생물(土壤微生物)의 균류(菌類)에 대(對)한 세균수(細菌數)(B/F비(比))와 방선균수(放線菌數)(A/F비(比))는 연작연한(連作年限)이 많을 수록 낮아지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. 토양선충밀도(土壤線蟲密度)는 1년재배지(年栽培地) 359, 2년연작지(年連作地) 391, 3년연작지(年連作地) 495, 4년이상연작지(年以上連作地)가 524마리/100g이였으며 경사(傾斜)가 심(甚)하고 배수(排水)가 양호(良好)할수록 낮았다. 5. 역병발생(疫病發生)은 4년이상연작지(年以上連作地)의 이병주율(罹病株率)이 14.3%로 1년재배지(年栽培地)의 0.7%에 비(比)해 월등(越等)히 높았으며 경사(傾斜)가 완만할수록 탄저병(炭疽病)은 감소(減少)되고 역병(疫病)은 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)이였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2014

The present study investigated variations in soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and the chemical properties at 24 sites of upland soils in Gyeongnam Province. The electrical conductivity of the soil under potato cultivation was significantly higher than those of the red pepper and soybean soils (p < 0.05). The gram-negative bacteria community in potato soil was significantly lower than those in the garlic and soybean soils (p < 0.05). The communities of actinomycetes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the red pepper soil were significantly higher than those in the potato soil (p < 0.05). In addition, the cy17:0 to 16:$1{\omega}7c$ ratio was significantly lower in red pepper, soybean, and garlic soils compared with potato soil, indicating that microbial stress decreased. Consequently, differences in soil microbial community were highly associated with cultivated crop species, and this might be resulted from the difference in soil chemical properties.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2001

본 연구는 평택 지역에 대한 Landsat TM 인공위성 자료를 이용하여 평택지역의 토지피복분류도를 만들고 DGPS, 항공사진, 지형도 등을 이용하여 보다 정확한 참조자료를 만들어 분류도의 정확성을 평가하고자 하였다. 논, 밭 등 12개 항목으로 분류하여 면적을 산출한 결과 1997년 6월 현재 평택시의 논면적은 16,157$\textrm{km}^2$, 밭면적은 4,949$\textrm{km}^2$로 나타났다. DGPS, 항공사진, 지형도 등을 이용하여 평가한 결과 간석지, 논, 물 및 바다 등이 90%의 정확도를 보였으며, 밭, 비닐, 산림, 초지, 촌락 등은 낮게 평가되었다. 전체 정확도는 85.8%로 비교적 양호하게 평가되었으며, 논의 경우 92%의 높은 정확도가 나와 원격탐사 자료의 효용성이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 해양, 수역, 도심지 등의 분류결과는 높게 나타났는데 반해 밭, 비닐하우스, 초지 등은 적은 면적으로 혼재되어 있기 때문에 분류 결과가 낮았다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

This study developed a rainwater harvesting system for the irrigation of upland on sloping area. The assessment of water supply capacity was evaluated in farm field experience. This system consists of a water catchment device and a collapsible storage tank. The water catchment device was designed to collect runoff water in natural channel of 500 mm width into a pipe of 50 mm inner diameter. The device has funnel-shaped plan and cross-section of square. The storage capacity of the collapsible water tank was caculated to meet the water demand for irrigation in 30 a cultivated land for 10-year frequancy drought. The tank has a cuboid shape with a capacity of 30 ㎥, 5 m in width and length, 1.2 m in height. This system can supply 92% of the water required for drop irrigation of red pepper and 88% of the water required for drop irrigation of onions in 30 a cultivation land during the month of May and June. In the case of 16-dry days of 10-years frequency, this system is capable to irrigate 100% of required water for red pepper and onion, 76.7% of required water for Omija (Schisandra chinensis), and 51.5% of required water for autumn kimchi cabbage.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.562-573
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• 2017

Some symbiotic characteristics of native Korean Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae were analysed to get some informations desirable for cultivation of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) using its symbiont in Korea. The size of indigenous populations of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae was higher in seven upland soils showing $1.7{\times}10^2{\sim}5.8{\times}10^4cells\;g{\cdot}soil^{-1}$, which appeared to be 10% and 37% higher for cultivated and uncultivated soils of hairy vetch, respectively, than seven paddy soils with $1.7{\times}10^2{\sim}1.7{\times}10^4cells\;g{\cdot}soil^{-1}$. In symbiotic potentials, however, the yields of hairy vetch treated with 10-fold-diluted ($10^{-1}$) inoculum and 1000-fold-diluted ($10^{-3}$) one was 11.2% and 8.8% more, respectively, in paddy than upland. Hairy vetch inoculated with either strain KHR 106 from Sacheon or strain KHR 120 from Yesan among native Korean R. leguminosarum biovar viciae isolates was of similar yield increment of 16% (p < 0.05) in upland soils with native R. leguminosarum biovar viciae of $5.8{\times}10cells\;g{\cdot}soil^{-1}$. In case of coinoculation of the two strains, however, the yields was not significantly increased. In especial, isolate KHR 106, KHR 120, and KHR 122 from Suwon, which has also good symbiotic effectiveness, showed different protein profile patterns each other. As a result, hairy vetch is possibly able to use atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationship with diverse native R. leguminosarum biovar viciae in Korean arable lands. For safe and good production of hairy, however, the use of superior strains with high symbiotic effectiveness and competitiveness will be desirable.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of irrigation water for upland crop growth based on the 30 year of historical rainfall data and the water management guidelines as a reference. Five regions and ten crops were selected by their cultivation size. The changes of soil moisture contents were calculated using daily mean rainfall and irrigation demand. This study assumed that crops are irrigated when the soil moisture contents fell below of the field capacity for more than 5 days, which is the drought condition defined by RDA. The maximum irrigation water requirements was 167.2 mm for chinese cabbage during the growing season, which was followed by corn (112.0 mm), daikon (102.3 mm), spinach (66.1 mm), lettuce (56.7 mm), pepper (46.5 mm), potato (33.9 mm), sweet tomato (27.4 mm), peanut (11.5 mm) and bean (10.3 mm), The results of this study could contribute to providing valuable data to determine the capacity of irrigation facilities and to establish the emergency operation plans under extreme unfavorable weather condition (heat wave, etc.) for crop growth.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2021

The expansion of upland crop cultivation in rice paddy fields is recommended by the Korean government to solve the problem of falling rice price and reduction of rice farmer's income due to oversupply of rice. However, water use efficiency is significantly influenced by the land use change from paddy field to upland. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the water budget of soybean grown in using APEX (Agricultural Policy and Environmental eXtender) model. The amount of runoff was measured in a test bed located in Iksan, Jeollabu-do and used to calibrate and validate the simulated runoff by APEX model. From 2019 to 2020, the water budget of soybean grown in uplands were estimated and compared with the one grown in paddy fields. The calibration result of AP EX model for runoff showed that R² (Coefficient of determination) and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) were 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. In addition, the validated results of R² and NSE were 0.81 and 0.62, respectively. The comparative study of each component in water budget showed that the amounts of evapotranspiration and percolation estimated by APEX model were 549.1 mm and 375.8mm, respectively. The direct runoff amount from upland was 390.1 mm, which was less than that from paddy fields. The average amount of irrigation water was 28.7 mm, which was very small compared to the one from paddy fields.