• Title/Summary/Keyword: upland

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Comparison of the Surface Chemical Properties of Plastic Film House, Upland, and Orchard Soils in Gyeongbuk Province

  • Park, Sang-Jo;Park, Jun-Hong;Kim, Chan-Yong;Seo, Young-Jin;Kwon, Oh-Heun;Won, Jong-Gun;Lee, Suk-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 2016
  • The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil fertility about plastic film house, upland, and orchard in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The surface chemical properties of soil samples were investigated every 4 year from 2000 year at upland, 2001 year at orchard, and 2002 year at plastic film house. During 12 year's monitoring, mean soil pH was increased by 0.7 and 0.8 pH unit from pH 5.7 in upland and orchard, respectively, 0.5 pH unit from pH 6.5 in plastic film house. About 50% of all the field samples occupied within the recommended pH range (pH 6-7). Although soil organic matter (SOM) was gradually increased by about $10g\;kg^{-1}$ for 12 years, 40% of orchard, 49% of plastic film house, and 77% of upland soil samples were still below the 3% SOM. The mean concentration of available phosphate for 12 years in upland, orchard, and plastic film house were 530, 600, and $760mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The relative frequencies exceeding the recommended available phosphate range ($300-550mg\;kg^{-1}$) were 43%, 53%, and 66% at upland, orchard, and plastic film house soils, respectively. $NH_4OAc$ exchangeable $K^+$ of upland, orchard, and plastic film house in the last soil test were 0.8, 0.9, and $1.6cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The relative frequencies above the recommended K level were 56% and 70% of orchard and plastic film house soil samples, respectively. The levels of crop nutrients except exchangeable Ca and Mg in upland soil were tended to increase gradually in the three fields. Exchangeable Mg, EC, available phosphate, organic matter and soil pH could be used as principle components to differentiate the chemical properties of three land fields. This analysis revealed that the soil fertility was affected by cropping method and field management, although additional research is needed to assess the importance of management on soil chemical properties and many fields indicate an opportunity for improvement in fertilizer management.

Changes of Soil Nitrogen Supply and Production of Upland Forage Crops by Cattle Manure during Conversion from Paddy to Upland Condition in Paddy Field (논의 밭전환 연차간 우분시용에 의한 질소공급 및 밭사료 작물의 생산력 변화)

  • Seo Jong-Ho;Kim Sok-Oong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.387-393
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    • 2005
  • The effect of cattle manure with the rates of 2 and 4 ton $l0a^{-1}$ for winter rye and summer corn cultivation, respectively, on the dry matter (DM) yield and nitrogen (N) uptake were investigated during successive three­year conversion period from paddy to upland condition in paddy field. The changes in soil properties and soil N sup­plying capacity during repetitive manure application were a1so examined. Growth and DM yield of upland forage crops, especially. winter rye were hindered highly by poor soil condition in the first year after conversion from paddy to upland condition, so apparent recovery of cattle manure N by crops was very low in the first conversion year. But, DM yield and N uptake of upland forage crops were increased linearly by accumulative input of cattle manure along with mineral N enrichment in soil, which also increased apparent recovery of cattle manure-No It seemed that those increases were mainly due to the improvement of soil properties such as soil mineral N, soil organic matter (soil carbon), potentially mineralizable N and bulk density by accumulative input of cattle manure rather than the increase of soil N supply according to accumulative conversion period from paddy to upland condition. It was derived that conversion period from paddy to upland condition over 2 years is needed to obtain proper DM yield in paddy field and accumulative inputs of cattle manure during the conversion period is more influential to the continuous increment of DM yield and N uptake of upland crop as well as of potential N supplying capacity of soil.

Effects of Paddy-Upland Rotation on Soil Characteristics and Crop Productivity in Rice Fields on Reclaimed Tidal land (신간척지 벼 재배 농지의 답전윤환에 따른 토양 특성 및 작물 생산성 변화)

  • Oh, Yang-Yeol;Kim, Young-Joo;Lee, Su-Hwan;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Kim, Sun;Lee, Jung-Tae;Jun, Jae-Beum;Kim, Kil-Young
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.27 no.8
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    • pp.641-650
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    • 2018
  • Paddy-upland rotation system is one of the important cropping system for improving soil quality and crop productivity. we conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation system on soil properties and crop productivity in reclaimed tidal land. The paddy-upland rotation could be effective to conserve soil water contents and prevent from salt damage when cultivating upland crops. The first two years of maize cultivation after rice cultivation could be effective to secure stable production. However, in case of soybean crop, the rotation effect might be lower than that of maize. In the first year, the yield of soybean was 214 kg/10a. In the second and third year, the yields of soybean decreased consecutively to 152, 123 kg/10a respectively. In this paper, it would be suggested that maize be cultivated for up to two years and soybean be cultivated for one year after rice crop grown in reclaimed tidal land. This study could be provide basic data of the physico-chemical properties applicable to paddy-upland rotation system at reclaimed tidal lands.

Performance Evaluation and Design of an Edible Fresh Corn Harvesting Machine (식용 풋옥수수 수확 시험장치 설계 및 성능평가)

  • Kang, Na Rae;Choi, Il Su;Kim, Young Keun;Choi, Yong;Yu, Seung Hwa;Woo, Jea Keun;Hyun, Chang Sik;Kim, Sung Kook
    • Journal of Drive and Control
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.74-79
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    • 2019
  • In this study, an edible fresh corn harvest testing machine was designed and manufactured. And harvesting performance was analyzed through the field test. The testing machine is of the tractor attached type. It is connected to the tractor PTO shaft to transfer power to the each part of the harvesting machine. And it harvests fresh corn by one row through the processes of cutting, stem crushing, detaching, and collecting. The performance test was performed at PTO speed (540, 750, 1050 rpm, respectively), working speed (0.1, 0.15, 0.2 m/s, respectively), and cropping cultivation (row spacing·hill spacing 70·25 cm, 70·40 cm, 90·30 cm, respectively). The performance test was repeated three times in the 15 m section. The detachment loss ratio, uncollected crop ratio, damage ratio, and harvest ratio were analyzed. As a result of the performance test, it was analyzed that the PTO speed 540 rpm, running speed of 0.1 m/s, and row spacing·hill spacing 70·40 cm were the optimal condition.

Measurement Uncertainty of Nitrous Oxide Concentrations from a Upland Soil Measured by an Automated Open Closed Chamber Method (밭토양에서 폐쇄형 자동 챔버법으로 측정한 아산화질소 농도에 대한 측정 불확도)

  • Ju, Ok Jung;Kang, Namgoo;Lim, Gap June
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 2020
  • BACKGROUND: The closed chamber method is the most commonly used for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from upland fields. This method has the advantages of being simple, easily available and economical. However, uncertainty estimation is essential for accurate assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and verification of emission reductions. The nitrous oxide emissions from upland field is very important for the nitrogen budget in the agriculture sectors. Although assessment of uncertainty components affecting nitrous oxide emission from upland field is necessary to take account of dispersion characteristics, research on these uncertainty components is very rare to date. This study aims at elucidation of influencing factors on measurement uncertainty of nitrous oxide concentrations measured by an automated open closed chamber method from upland field. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nitrous oxide sampling system is located in the upland field in Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (37°13'22"N, 127°02'22"E). The primary measurement uncertainty components influencing nitrous oxide concentrations (influencing factors) investigated in this research are repeatability, reproducibility and calibration in the aspects of nitrous oxide sampling and analytical instrumentation. The magnitudes of the relative standard uncertainty of each influencing factor are quantified and compared. CONCLUSION: Results of this study show what influencing factors are more important in determination of nitrous oxide concentrations measured using the automated open closed chambers located in the monitoring site. Quantifying the measurement uncertainty of the nitrous oxide concentrations in this study would contribute to improving measurement quality of nitrous oxide fluxes.

Genotype $\times$ Environment Interaction for Yield in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

  • Shim, Kang-Bo;Kang, Churl-Whan;Hwang, Chung-Dong;Pae, Suk-Bok;Choi, Kyung-Jin;Byun, Jae-Cheon;Park, Keum-Yong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.297-302
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    • 2008
  • Application of genotype by environment ($G\;{\times}\;E$) interaction would be used for identifying optimum test condition of the varietal adaptation in the establishment of breeding purpose. Yield and yield components were used to perform additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis. Significant difference for $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction were observed for all variable examined. For yield, 0.18 of total sum of squares corresponded to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction. Correlation analysis was carried out between genotypic scores of the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA 1) for agronomic characters. Significant correlations were observed between IPCA 1 for yield and capsule bearing stem length (CBSL), number of capsule per plant (NOC). The biplot of grain yield means for IPCA1 which accounted for 34% of the variation in total treatment sums of squares showed different reaction according to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction, genotypes and environments. Taegu showed relatively lower positive IPCA1 scores, and it also showed smaller coefficient variation of yield mean where it is recommendable as a optimal site for the sesame cultivar adaptation and evaluation trial. In case of variables, Yangbaek and M1 showed relatively lower IPCA1 scores, but the score direction showed opposite each other on the graph. Ansan, Miryang1, Miryang4, and Miryang6 seemed to be similar group in view of yield response against IPCA1 scores. These results will be helpful to select experimental site for sesame in Korea to minimize $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction for the selection of promising genotype with higher stability.

Status and Changes in Chemical Properties of Upland Soil from 2001 to 2017 in Korea (한국 밭토양 화학성 변동 평가)

  • Kim, Yi-Hyun;Kong, Myung-suk;Lee, Eun-Jin;Lee, Tae-Goo;Jung, Goo-Bok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.213-218
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND: Monitoring of the dynamic changes of chemical properties in agricultural land is very important for agricultural sustainability. Chemical properties of agricultural soils in Korea have been investigated at four-year interval in the order of paddy, plastic film house, upland, and orchard soils since 1999. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total 8,160 topsoil samples were taken from the upland in 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017, respectively. Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), available phosphate (Avail. $P_2O_5$), and exchangeable (Exch.) cations (K, Ca, and Mg) were analyzed. Soil pH and Exch. Ca contents have increased since 2001. Average concentration of Avail. $P_2O_5$ increased from $547mg\;kg^{-1}$ in 2001 to $657mg\;kg^{-1}$ in 2017. Average concentration of Exch. Ca in 2017 was higher than the upper limit of its optimal range for upland cultivation. Excess and deficiency of chemical properties of upland soils comply with soil analysis and fertilizer prescription. CONCLUSION: We concluded that excessive nutrient in upland needed to be properly managed with soil test.

Development and Validation of Simulation Model for Traction Power and Driving Torque Prediction of Upland Multipurpose Platform (밭농업용 다목적 플랫폼의 견인동력 및 구동토크 예측을 위한 시뮬레이션 모델 개발 및 검증)

  • Hyeon Ho Jeon;Seung Min Baek;Seung Yun Baek;Yi Su Hong;Taek Jin Kim;Yong Choi;Young Keun Kim;Sang Hee Lee;Yong Joo Kim
    • Journal of Drive and Control
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.16-26
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    • 2023
  • Although the upland field area of Korea is high as 44.8%, the platform optimized for the upland field is insufficient. It is necessary to develop an optimized platform for the upland field because the upland field environment is an irregular environment with many slopes. In addition, due to the characteristic of agricultural operations, the traction power and torque of the platform have to be sufficient. Therefore, in this study, a simulation model that can predict the traction power and driving torque of a crawler-type platform for the upland field was developed and validated using the specifications of the crawler platform. The simulation model was developed using Amesim (19.1, Siemens, Germany). The development of the model was conducted using the specifications of the platform. A measurement system was developed to validate the simulation model. The traction power data of the simulation model was validated with the traction force and vehicle speed. The driving torque data of the simulation model was validated with the torque of the sprocket on the crawler system. As a result of the analysis, the error between measurement and simulation results occurred within 10%, and it was determined that the traction power and driving torque prediction of the crawler platform using this model was possible.

Evaluation of Water Supply Stability for Upland Crop in Reservoir Irrigation Districts Using Resilience Indexes (레질리언스 지표를 이용한 저수지 수혜구역의 전작농지 용수공급 안정성 평가)

  • Park, Jinseok;Jang, Seongju;Lee, Hyeokjin;Shin, Hyungjin;Chung, Soo;Song, Inhong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.66 no.1
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 2024
  • As the agricultural land use shifts from paddy to upland, ensuring reservoir water supply stability for upland crop irrigation becomes essential. The objectives of this study were to estimate the irrigation water requirements considering the upland irrigation scenario and to evaluate the reliability of the water supply from the agricultural reservoir using resilience indexes. Two study sites, Sinheung and Hwajeong, were selected, and soybean and red peppers, the most water-intensive crops, were selected as study crops, respectively. For the irrigation scenario, two irrigation methods of traditional scheduling (which irrigates all sites at once) and rotational scheduling (which distributes irrigation by districts), along with the upland conversion rate, were considered. The net irrigation requirement was estimated through a water balance analysis. The stability of the reservoir was evaluated using resilience indexes based on the simulated 10-years reservoir water levels and drought criterion. Overall, the water supply of the reservoir was evaluated as stable during the simulated 10 years, except for the one year. Compared to the two irrigation methods, rotational scheduling resulted in lower irrigation water usage in both sites, with reductions of 1.6%, and 0.3%, respectively. As the upland conversion rate increases, the water deficit could be intensified in Hwajeong with a conversion rate exceeding 50%, showing the number of deficit(ND) over the one and a rapid increase in the deficit ratio(DR). It was confirmed that the reservoir operation criteria can be enhanced by incorporating resilience indicators along with crop growth information, thus, this will be a further study.

Development and Performance Analysis of Self-Propelled Crawler and Gathering Type Potato Harvester (크롤러 타입 자주식 수집형 감자 수확기 개발 및 성능분석)

  • Won-Kyung Kim;Sang Hee Lee;Deok Gyu Choi;Seok Ho Park;Youn Koo Kang;Seok Pyo Moon;Chang Uk Cheon;Young Joo Kim;Sung Hyuk Jang
    • Journal of Drive and Control
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2024
  • Potatoes are one of the world's four major crops, and domestic consumption is currently increasing in Korea. However, the mechanization rate of potatoes is very low, and especially, harvesting is the most labor-intensive task in potato production. In Korea, potato-collecting work depends on manpower, so it is necessary to develop a gathering-type harvester that can be used for processes from digging to harvesting. Therefore, in this study, a self-propelled-type potato harvester was developed, and its performance was analyzed to mechanize harvesting. The potato harvester was developed to have a crawler-type driving part with a 60 hp diesel engine and consisted of a digging part that digs potatoes from the ground, a vertical transporting part that transfers the dug potatoes to the height of the collection bag, a separating part that separates debris, such as stones and soil, and a collecting part that loads the collection box. A field test of the potato harvester was conducted, and performance was evaluated by the damage, loss, and debris mixing proportions, which were 2.5%, 2.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. The working capacity was 1.2 h/10 a. The economic analysis results showed that the cost of harvesting work could be reduced by 12.7% compared to manual harvesting.