• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.179-194
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• 2002

This study investigates the incidence and risk factors of adolescents' unwanted sexual behavior for a sample of 769 adolescent males and females. Seven percent of the sample experienced unwanted sexual behavior. Female adolescents were more likely to be victims of unwanted sexual behavior Adolescents with an unwanted sexual behavior, as compared to those without, were more likely to have experienced pregnancy, to drink alcohol, to be sensitive to romantic circumstances, to love his/her parker, to have fathers with higher education, to have lower family income, to have friends with similar norms and attitudes, to be more experienced sexually, not to have both biological parent, to have parents who did not monitor their behavior closet, to get partner's pressure to get sexually involved, and to have higher devotion level toward parker or their relationship.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2020

Researchers generally argue that sexual harassment influence poor female employee organizational attitudes. However, these relationships have been not always observed. Depending on the organizational support theory, this study extended the content domain of sexual harassment research by examining the role of perceived organizational support, on these relationships. For this, this study used a survey method and multiple regression analyses with Korean 285 female employees. As results, first, the more unwanted sexual attention employees perceived, they were less likely to show their organizational citizenship behavior. Second, the more sexual coercion employees perceived, they were more likely to have their work-family conflict. Third, the negative relationship between unwanted sexual attention and their organizational citizenship behavior are stronger for employees low rather than high in perceived organizational support. Finally, the positive relationship between sexual coercion and work-family conflict are stronger for employees low rather than high in perceived organizational support. The findings suggest the adaptive function of perceived organizational support employees hold in organizational behavior. This is the first study to examine the interaction between perceived organizational support and sexual harassment of female workers with organizational citizenship behavior and work-family conflict. This study also provides guidance for administrative managerial practices.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.22-33
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• 1989

Rapid socio-cultural and economic changes in the country has brought with it changes in the society's value system. For a traditional society that is increasingly being exposed to modernization but where sex norms are still very restrictive, the adolescent sexual mores takes on added significance. Adolescents are caught between two opposing forces, the changing environment that allows for freer and liberal mores and the traditional society that cannot keep pace with the changing environment and therefore demands resistance to changes. This paper focuses on problems of adolescent sexuality in this country and considers the countermeasures for the existing problems. Amongst the problems are: (a) increasingly younger age of the adolescents who start sexual intercourse (b) non-use of contraception, (c) unwanted pregnancies, (d) increase in the number of induced abortion and (e) increase in the number of unwanted children and unmarried mothers. The Korean adolescent's sexual behavior seems to follow that of the developed countries. In other words, many western modes of life and sexual values seem to bave been copied in Korea and yet Korean adolescents lack in their knowledge of sex related matters such as reproductive physiology and contraception. Among middle and high school students, female students are reported to have less knowledge on sex than male students according to a 1988 survey by KIPH. Even among the unmarried famale factory workers, only 42.5 percent replied they know of the condom, and 25.1 percent and 23.1 percent said they had knowledge of spermicide and menstrual regulation respectively. However, 14.9 percent and 13.9 percent reported that they had a knowledge of the loop and female sterilization respectively according to the 1984 study by KIPH. Among the middle school students 0.8 percent said they had experience in sexual intercourse, while 7.3 percent of the high school students reported having had sexual intercourse. The sexual intercourse experience rate among the unmarried female factory workers is 37.8 percent. Among those female factory workers with sexual experience, 46.7 percent had more than one sex partners. Only 39.1 percent of male students and 18.9 percent of female students among those with sexual intercourse experience have used contraceptives. mostly condoms and oral pills 45.1 percent of female factory workers with sexual intercourse experience used contraceptives such as pills, condoms and rhythm methods. The pregnancy experience rate among the female factory workers who had experience in sexual intercourse is 29.5 percent, which is 11.1 percent among the total respondents. Out of the 102 pregnant female workers, 98 workers(96.1 percent) terminated their pregnancy by induced abortion and 2 workders(2 percent) in natural abortion, while 1 worker(1 percent) was in pregnancy and another 1 worker had normal birth that was subsequently sent to orphanage. In order to cope with the problem of adolescent sexuality, a drastic and strong policy measures should be taken by the government. The most effective countermeasure to the adolescent sexual problems appears to the education. The sex and population education in the school is very much in need. In addition, sex education program through mass media and at the job sit-should be promoted for a healthy development of adolescents' sexual behavior. Also, the existing national family planning program, which has focused on the married couples, should be extended to the unmarried people in its scope and contents of the program.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed in order to evaluate the quality of health services provided to the adolescents at mobile health clinics and to improve the services for them, and to figure out knowledge level of adolescents on sex, birth control methods and artificial abortion, and the effect of the knowledge levels those items on sexual behavior. The data obtained will be utilized for sex health education program in the future. Methodology: A total of 2,021 adolescents who visited mobile sexual health clinics in Seoul, Inchon, Busan, Daejon, Cheonbuk, Kwangju and Daegu were surveyed in November 2007. The items surveyed were level of satisfaction about the services provided by mobile sexual health clinics, personal opinions and experience of artificial abortion, knowledge level about birth control, sexual experience and pregnancy. The above mentioned items were analyzed by general characteristics such as religion and geographical area. Results: The study subjects were generally satisfied with the services of mobile sexual health clinics. But they were not satisfied with the information about birth control methods provided by the clinics. The subjects who had better knowledge about sex were more satisfied with the services provided by the clinics. And the subjects who had knowledge about birth control methods but did not have birth control experience were also more satisfied with the services of clinics. The subjects who reported that artificial abortion should be allowed were also more satisfied with the services of the clinics. Experiences of sex, pregnancy, and artificial abortion were not correlated to satisfaction of the clinic services. Conclusions: The mobile sexual health clinics have to continues to provide sex health education and other sex related health services to adolescents. More practical information about birth control methods should be provided to the adolescents by the clinics based on the study results. Active preventive measures for unwanted pregnancy should be provided to the adolescents by the clinics.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics related to self assertiveness in teenage girls, and to identify the relationship between the self assertiveness and sexual experiences in teenage girls in Korea. The subjects for this study were 12,733 girls from an accessible population of 19,000 girls who were a multi-stage cluster sample from a population of 1,988,902 girls attending to 4,684 schools in the seven large cities and nine provinces of Korea. The response rate was 68.9%. Data were collected by mail from October 2 to October 28, 2000. A structured questionnaire of 125 items which included measurement of general characteristics, sexual experiences, and self-assertiveness was used. The sexual experiences were defined as dating, holding hands, putting arms on the shoulders, light kissing, French kissing, touching breasts, touching genitalia, and coitus. The self assertiveness measurement was developed by S. B. Chang et al.(2000) and has a Cronbach's alpha of .6031. Data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 Program using descriptive statistics, reliability, and t-test. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The subjects were from 9th to 11th graders and 42.7% answered that they followed their partner's request. The range for the self assertiveness score was 7-21 out of a possible range of 7-21. The group of girls who were in vocational schools, lived away from family or in rural areas, attended night school, took part in drinking, smoking, and glue inhalation, who had cyber sex or phone sex or were exposed to pornography, and who had run away from home showed significantly lower self assertiveness scores than those without these characteristics (P<.05). 2. The group which had experience in dating(t=2.379, P=.017), French kissing (t=5.425, P=.000), touching breasts (t=8.637, P=.000), touching genitalia (t=6.057, P=.000), and coitus(t=6.057, P=.000) showed significantly lower self assertiveness scores than the group which had not had these sexual experiences. But there was no difference in the self assertiveness scores between the group which had experience of holding hands, light kissing, and using contraceptives compared to the group which did not. It can be concluded that the group which had delinquent behavior showed lower self assertiveness, and the lower self assertiveness led to unwanted sexual experiences. It is suggested that self assertiveness training be provided for the group with delinquent behavior as a first priority, and then analyze of the process of self assertiveness in relation to sexual experiences.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.239-251
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• 1999

The purpose of this survey is to measure the sexual knowledge, attitude, and experience in college students in order to provide better sex education programs and direction. For this study, questionnaires were given to 259 students in K college of Kyongnam and collected during the period of June 1 to June 20, 1998. Data was analyzed using a statistical computer package: SPSS to manipulate the data along with frequency, mean, t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. Sex related knowledge marked 12.01 at a maximum level of 25. In the areas of Sex physiology(51.8%), genital physiology(49.9%), venereal diseases(44.3%) and contraceptive methods (38.1%), students were shown to have certain levels of knowledge. 2. Sex related attitudes marked 15.35 at a maximum level of 35. The most frank attitudes concerned 'premartial coitus in males' and the most conservative attitudes concerned 'extramarital coitus in females'. 3. Concerning sexual behavior 80.7% of the respondents had associated with the opposite sex. The most frequent behaviors were walking arm in arm (male : 28.6%, female: 36.2%). Their main problems were relationships with the opposite sex(male : 39.2%, female: 24.5%), frustrated sexual desire(male : 26.0%, female: 9.8%) and unwanted pregnacy(male: 15.2%, female: 7.8%) To solve sex problems, respondents intended to consult their friends(male : 35.7%, female: 46. 7%) and become active in sports or recreation (male: 23.4%, female: 11.4%). About 81.2% of male students had a masturbation experience, but only 11.4% of female did, 40.0% of male students had a sexual intercourse experience, but only 13.3% of females did, 7.8% of male students used contraceptive methods, but only 2.9% of females did. 12.3% of male students had a rape experience, but only 10.5% of females did. The proportion of male students who made someone pregnant was 12.3%,however pregnant female were only 6.8% and the proportion of male students who forced someone to have an abortion was 12.3%, females who experienced an abortion were only 5.7%. 4. Regarding genital physiology, there was a statistically significant differences in gender ( t = -7.342, p=0.000). Regarding contraceptive methods, there was a statistically significant difference in the father's education level(F= 2.421, p=0.036) 5. In sexual attitudes, there were statistically significant differences in gender( t = 4.456, p = 0.000), religion(F=4.315, p=0.000), high school(F=3.150, p=0.045), habitation form(F= 3.164, p=0.0025 and methods of acquiring sexual knowledge(F=2.990, p=0.012). 6. The variables regarding sexual experience were gender, high school, economic status, habitation form, method of acquiring sexual knowledge, and parental attitudes toward sex. From the result of the study, sex education is required and must be taught as a regular course in the curriculum of all Korean schools at all levels.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-146
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the seven-hour sexuality education program for senior high school girl students and apply it to them to find out how this program affects their sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice. The ultimate goal of this study is that high school girl students are to prevent unwanted pregnancy, STD and AIDS, after attending this sexuality education program. A non-equivalent control group pretest-post test design was used for this study. The number of experimental group consisted of 80 girl students and the control group was composed of 80 girls, too. A total of 160 freshmen from two commercial girls' high schools were selected by a convenience sampling method. This study was carried out in commercial high schools located in Daejeon, Korea from July 15th to October 31st, 2002. To discover the need for sexuality education, the researcher surveyed with a pre-designed questionnaire to 160 girls from the two different commercial high schools. The sex education curriculum was developed on the basis of the need of high school girl students for sex education survey results and literature review and a teaching-learning planning model and health belief model. The experimental group was taught the sexuality education program for seven hours from October 19th to 23rd, 2002 and each period continued for 50 minutes. The SPSS(10.0) Windows statistics software was used to analyze the data, along with frequency, percentage, $X^2$-test, t-test, and paired t-test. The instruments' internal consistencies were tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increment of sex-related knowledge score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-10.88, p=.000). 2. The increment of sex-related attitude score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-2.67, p=.009). 3. The increment of the practice of self-efficacy of sexual behavior score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group(t=-4.95, p=.000). In conclusion, sexuality education programs based on high girl students' educational desire, characteristics of development, a teaching learning planning model, a health belief model were effective to improve sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice of commercial high school girl students. This result can contribute to expand the school nurse's role in the sex education area and to develop theory-based school health nursing.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.249-266
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• 1996

AIDS and the spectrum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infections present a monumental challenge to the health of the Korean public. In response to this special challenge, I think public education and voluntary behavior changes are the most effective measures to fight the spread of the disease. Adolescents represent a critical risk group for prevention and intervention programming. Research indicates sexually active adolescents, homosexual contact, illicit drug use are an gradually increasing. These characteristically adolescent risk-taking behaviors suggest the need for schools and communities to mobilize intervention strategies. Schools are highly efficient ways to reach a majority of young people in Korea with HIV prevention programs. These programs include substantial attention to sexual and drug use behaviors with the long term objective of a multidimensional school health program. Information resulting from risk behavior surveillance activities and guidance on school health curricula is particularly useful. What is needed for adolescents is a revamping of education to give students the critical thinking and analytic skills that allow them to apply knowledge, make decisions, and think independently. The best HIV preventive education provides young people with opportunities to learn and practice just those skills. In the early stages of HIV education were focused solely on information. Providing information is easy but unfortunately, behavior change is not that simple to activate. Information must be combined with values exploration and skilly building, including responsible decision making, negotiation, refusal, and critical thinking skills. The same knowledge, attitudes and skills needed for effective HIV prevention also prevent or reduce other risks, including other sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, and alcohol or other drug use. The role of other youth serving organizations in HIV prevention is also important: parental and youth involvement is needed; it's important to presidential and governament leadership is essential to prevention education; promote integrated adolescent programs, to enhance health and education sector collaboration; and of course, we need to expand research on adolescent health and engage the media in health promotion. Among these changes, a school-based systematic health education of AIDS is certainly one of the essentials.

• 한국인구학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-122
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• 1996

본 연구는 최근 심각한 건강문제로 부상하고 있는 미혼여성의 성, 피임, 그리고 유산행동의 결정요인을 연구한다. 자료는 구로(서울), 구미(경북), 마산-창원(경남) 등의 수출공단 지역에서 수집되었고, 표본은 1) 프로그램 참가자인 공장노동자, 2) 유흥업소 종사자, 3) 산부인과 환자로 재분류된다. 연구결과는 유흥업소 종사자가 혼전 성관계, 성감염증, 피임실패, 원치 않는 임신, 인공유산 등에 노출될 위험이 가장 큰 집단임을 보여준다. 유흥업소 종사자 중에서 20%가 첫 경험의 결과 성병에 걸렸고, 약 70%가 비효율적인 피임법을 사용하여 2회 이상 임신하였다. 전체표본에서 임신경험자의 비율은 60% 수준이었으며, 집단별로는 프로그램 참가자 36%, 유흥업소 종사자 64%, 산부인과 환자 91%로 나타났다. 이 비율은 각 집단의 인공유산 경험자의 비율과 정확하게 일치하였으며, 그것은 모든 임신은 원치 않는 것으로 결국은 인공유산으로 끝난다는 것을 의미한다. 조사당시 성활동을 한다고 응답한 여성 중에서, 인공유산의 경험횟수는 프로그램 참가자 1.6회, 유흥업소 종사자 2.3회, 산부인과 환자 1.9회로 나타났다. 이들의 80%는 4달안에 유산시술을 받았고, 첫 유산의 전체건수 중2/3는 20세에서 23세 사이에 시술된 것이었다. 약 1/4은 유산후유증을 경험하였으며, 이들의 60%는 후유증을 치료하기 위하여 병원을 찾거나 약을 복용하였다. 유산경험 후에도, 이들의 피임사용율은 유흥업소 종사자를 제외하고는 그렇게 높지 않았다. 본 연구에서 나온 중요한 정책적 건의내용은 공장노동자는 물론 유흥업소 종사자를 대상으로 중앙정부와 지방정부의 후원 아래 우수한 카운셀링 서비스와 가족계획 서비스가 제공되어야 한다는 것이다. 또한 유흥업소 부문은 근본적으로 개혁되어 유흥업소에서 일하는 미혼여성들이 원치 않는 임신, 성감염증, 그리고 인공유산 등의 위험으로부터 제대로 보호를 받아야 한다고 믿는다.