• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
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• pp.713-716
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• 1996

Managers are constantly facing problems. Some problems are treated with special connotation. Others are solved as a daily routine. While other problems disppear into the realm of oblivion without even recognized by managers. Some of the unrecognized or overlooked problems may cause a serious failure. It is also likely that there is a better solution approach even though we have been using a generally accepted method. Problem identification is a neglected area by researchers and managers, although they are facing problems everday. This paper provides a review of the theories pertained to problem definition and problem identification as the beginning stage of the problem solving process. Based on these theories, we provide an expert system which can assist managers for a better problem solving. Knowledge base for problem identification and recommaendation of tools for the problem solving is the key ingredient of the expert system.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2000

Nowadays we continue to face challenges to the safety of our foods. It seems clear that contaminated meats provide the major route of listeria monocytogenes transmission from the environment to humans. L monocytogenes is the most important species associated with disease in humans among the listeria sp. The current incidence of symptomatic listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes is uncertain. Although the number of reports in the literature on listeriosis are increasing, it is likely that they are actually unrecognized or underreported because of a lack of awareness on the part of some laboratory workers who fail to isolate or identify these organisms. To get the information of sanitary development, we survey various meats (beef, pork, etc) in Kyongbuk area. Samples were collected from local meat shop at Kyongbuk area. Total sixty six case were isolated and identified from one hundreds and seven samples. L innocua was the most abundant in listeria sp. Among U isolates, the number of isolated L innocua was 43 (65.2%). The numbers of isolated L murrayi, L welshimeri, L monocytogenes and L seeligeri were 12(18.2%), 7(10.6%), 3(4.5%) and 1(1.5%), respectively, but L grayi, L iuanouii were not Isolated.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2016

2015-2016년 사이 라오스 식물상을 조사하는 과정에서 발견한 미기록 현화식물을 보고한다. 라오스 푸카오쿠오아이 국가생물다양성보전지구에서 야목단과(Melastomataceae)의 Phyllagathis tuberosa (C. Hansen) Cellinese & S. S. Renner와 꼬리겨우살이과(Loranthaceae)의 Tolypanthus pustulatus Barlow를 발견하였으며, 이들은 태국의 기준표본 채집지 외에는 아직까지 채집된 바 없는 종들로, 라오스에 분포하는 것을 처음으로 확인하였다. 한편, 인동과(Caprifoliaceae)의 Lonicera bournei Hemsl.는 20세기초 라오스에 분포하는 것으로 보고된 바 있으나 이후 채집 기록이 없다가, 라오스 시앙쾅주 포사보국가보호지구에서 다시 발견하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 라오스 및 동남아시아 국가의 식물상 및 그 특성을 규명하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2019

이 연구는 영재 선발의 심층면접 과정에서 주관적일 수 있고 즉각적인 효과가 약해 자칫 외면되기 쉬운 '인성' 영역에 대한 현장 교사들의 인식을 분석하여 그 반영의 개선 방안을 모색하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 먼저 영재교사로서의 어려움을 묻는 도입 질문에 대해 전문성과 업무량 과다를 많이 답변한 이들은, 영재 선발 시 심층면접에서 다룰 가장 중요한 영역으로 인성을 꼽았다. 또한 교육의 가장 기본 덕목이자 사회적 공헌을 위해 인성면접은 꼭 필요하다고 인식했으며, 인성면접에서 다룰 하위 요소로는 협동, 배려, 양보의 순으로 꼽았다. 교사관찰추천제의 심층면접에서 사실상 학생 개개인의 역량을 다각도로 평가하고 있는지를 점검하고, 특히 간과되고 있는 인성 영역의 평가가 타당성을 지닌 문항 개발과 캠프나 토론 토의 등의 깊이 있는 관찰로 보완될 필요성을 또한 살폈다. 이러한 현장의 목소리를 반영하여 교사관찰추천제의 보다 세밀하고도 정교한 진행을 위해 심층면접을, 그중에서도 인성면접을 보완해야 할 것이다. 더불어 이미 선발된 영재들의 인성교육과, 탁월한 영재이지만 인성이 부족한 학생의 경우는 어떻게 지도할 지에 대한 고민도 함께 지속적으로 연구하고 시행할 필요성이 부각된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2011

Purpose: A nasolabial cyst is a rare non-odontogenic, soft-tissue, developmental cyst arising anywhere on the face inferior to the nasoalar region. It is thought to arise from either epithelial remnants trapped along the lines of fusion during the development of face or the remnants of the developing nasolacrimal duct. This study examines various features of nasolabial cysts with bony involvement to provide a basis for correct diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Eight cases of nasolabial cyst treated in Soonchunhyang Hospital between March 2002 and July 2010 were examined in terms of their clinical features and radiological and histological findings. Seven patients underwent surgical excision of the cyst via an intraoral, sublabial approach. One underwent incision and drainage. Results: Our eight patients were seven women and one man. The most frequent symptoms and signs were facial deformity and swelling of the nasolabial fold. Computed tomography (CT) showed a well-circumscribed cystic mass lateral to the pyriform aperture. Seven cases had erosive lesions on CT, and the intraoperative findings were consistent with a nasolabial cyst with a bony defect. Typical histopathological findings showed that these cysts were most frequently lined with respiratory epithelium with ciliated columnar cells and cuboid cells. No patient developed complications or recurrences. Conclusion: A nasolabial cyst is often unrecognized or confused with other intranasal masses, including fissural and odontogenic cysts, midface infections, or swelling in the nasolabial area. Therefore, a careful clinical and radiological evaluation should be preformed when considering the differential diagnosis. We present eight patients with nasolabial cysts treated via a gingivobuccal approach with excellent functional and cosmetic results.

• 천문학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2023

The second generation of stars in the globular clusters (GCs) of the Milky Way (MW) exhibit unusually high N, Na, or Al, compared to typical Galactic halo stars at similar metallicities. The halo field stars enhanced with such elements are believed to have originated in disrupted GCs or escaped from existing GCs. We identify such stars in the metallicity range -3.0 < [Fe/H] < 0.0 from a sample of ~36,800 giant stars observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope survey, and present their dynamical properties. The N-rich population (NRP) and N-normal population (NNP) among our giant sample do not exhibit similarities in either in their metallicity distribution function (MDF) or dynamical properties. We find that, even though the MDF of the NRP looks similar to that of the MW's GCs in the range of [Fe/H] < -1.0, our analysis of the dynamical properties does not indicate similarities between them in the same metallicity range, implying that the escaped members from existing GCs may account for a small fraction of our N-rich stars, or the orbits of the present GCs have been altered by the dynamical friction of the MW. We also find a significant increase in the fraction of N-rich stars in the halo field in the very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] < -2.0) regime, comprising up to ~20% of the fraction of the N-rich stars below [Fe/H] = -2.5, hinting that partially or fully destroyed VMP GCs may have in some degree contributed to the Galactic halo. A more detailed dynamical analysis of the NRP reveals that our sample of N-rich stars do not share a single common origin. Although a substantial fraction of the N-rich stars seem to originate from the GCs formed in situ, more than 60% of them are not associated with those of typical Galactic populations, but probably have extragalactic origins associated with Gaia Sausage/Enceladus, Sequoia, and Sagittarius dwarf galaxies, as well as with presently unrecognized progenitors.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.34.1-34.8
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• 2023

Background: Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic substance that humans can be exposed to occupationally, and cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning of workers in industrial sites are commonly reported. However, there have been no cases of poisoning of the public due to an unauthorized discharge of wastewater, so it is important to describe this incident. Case presentation: In a small village in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea, accounts of a terrible stench had been reported. A 26-year-old man who lived and worked in a foul-smelling area was taken to the emergency room with a headache, dizziness, nausea, and repeated syncope. A subsequent police and Ministry of Environment investigation determined that the cause of the stench was the unauthorized discharge of 9 tons of wastewater containing hydrogen sulfide through a stormwater pipe while the villagers were sleeping. The patient had no previous medical history or experience of symptoms. Leukocytes and cardiac markers were elevated, an electrocardiogram indicated biatrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, and corrected QT interval prolongation. Myocardial hypertrophy was detected on a chest computed tomography scan, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was confirmed on echocardiography. After hospitalization, cardiac marker concentrations declined, symptoms improved, and the patient was discharged after 7 days of hospitalization. There was no recurrence of symptoms after discharge. Conclusions: We suspect that previously unrecognized heart disease manifested or was aggravated in this patient due to exposure to hydrogen sulfide. Attention should be paid to the possibility of unauthorized discharge of hydrogen sulfide, etc., in occasional local incidents and damage to public health. In the event of such an accident, it is necessary to have government guidelines in place to investigate health impact and follow-up clinical management of exposed residents.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

녹산은 경복궁 내부에 위치한 구릉 형태의 녹지로서 문화재공간으로 주목받지 못한 장소이다. 이에 본 연구는 녹산이 성립된 배경과 변화 양상을 고찰하여 경관적 의의를 도출하고자 실록, 지도류, 사진에 대한 문헌 분석과 현장조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 녹산의 정체성은 풍수적 내맥(來脈), 소나무림, 사슴과 관련되며, 경관적 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 「경복궁전도」 외 다수의 고지도에는 백악으로부터 경복궁 내부까지 이어지는 산줄기들이 묘사되었는데, 그중에서 녹산은 강녕전과 문소전으로 이어지는 내맥에 위치함으로써 형성된 숲이다. 북궐도상에서 녹산에는 육우정(六隅亭), 남여고(藍與庫), 녹직처소(鹿直處所), 그리고 남북 방향의 어구와 담장이 표현됨으로써 최소한의 시설과 숲으로 구성된 원형경관으로 이해할 수 있다. 둘째, 세종대에 경복궁의 북쪽 궁장이 건설되었으며, 경복궁 창건 시기에 연조 뒤쪽부터 신무문 안쪽을 후원으로 인식했던 반면에 경복궁 중건 시기는 신무문 밖에 새로운 후원 영역을 마련하였다. 이러한 배경에서 녹산만 내맥의 산줄기를 유지하였다. 그러나 일제강점기에 신무문 밖 후원에 대규모 관사가 건립되고 경무대 부지에 총독관저와 도로가 개설되면서 지형이 크게 변화되었다. 여기에 1967년 청와대와 녹산 사이의 청와대로가 신설되면서 녹산은 백악산록과 단절되었다. 셋째, 내청룡에 해당하는 경복궁 북동쪽의 풍수적 형세가 부족하여 소나무를 심어 지맥을 배양하였던 점과 임진왜란 이전 경복궁 배치도에 '소나무밭(松田)'이라고 표현된 사실에서 녹산의 원형이 된 숲의 주요 성상을 파악하였다. 발굴조사로 확인한 상수리나무, 벚나무, 느릅나무, 밤나무가 어우러진 소나무림을 원형 식생경관으로 이해할 수 있다. 녹산에는 성토로 인하여 어구가 사라지는 등 지형이 바뀌고 아까시 등 외래수종과 관상용 향나무 등이 식재되었다. 현재는 소나무림의 비중이 줄고 상수리나무림, 낙엽활엽수혼효림, 일부 가죽나무림과 버드나무림으로 구성된 숲을 이루고 있다. 넷째, '녹산(鹿山)'이라는 명칭이 신령, 장수, 영생, 왕권을 상징하는 사슴으로부터 유래된 사실을 '경복궁 녹원에서 기르던 사슴 일곱 마리 중에 한 마리가 굶어죽었다'는 대한매일신보 기사를 통해서 확인하였다.