• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.224-237
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• 2021

본 연구는 백작약 열수 추출물의 in vitro 항산화능을 평가하였으며, TAA를 유발한 급성 간손상 동물 모델을 이용하여 항산화 활성으로 인한 산화적 스트레스 억제 효과와 간 기능 보호효과 여부를 검증하였다. 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS 자유 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과 높은 항산화능을 나타냈으며, 체중, 간무게 및 간중량 비율 (%)이 대조군에 비해 S100군과 PR100군보다 PR200군에서 더욱 감소하였다. 약물투여군의 혈중 암모니아, GOT 및 GPT 수준의 유의적인 감소를 확인하였으며, western blot 실시 후 대부분의 인자에서 유의적인 차이를 확인하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 백작약 열수 추출물이 Nrf2-Keap1경로의 활성화를 통해 항산화 효소를 증가시켰으며, 항산화능을 통한 산화적 스트레스 개선에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 백작약 열수 추출물은 급성 간손상시 간보호 효과를 위한 후보 소재로서 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

Objectives : For the purpose of verifying the anti-depressant effect of Paeoniae Radix Rubra(PR), the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) was evaluated after performing the Forced Swimming Test(FST). Methods : Spraque-Dawley rats were ingested PR extract(100mg/kg, 400mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 times prior to FST. And the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the locus coelureus(LC) and ventral tegmental area(VTA) was measured immunohistochemically after FST. Results : The duration of immobility was significantly decreased in PR 100mg/kg Group and PR 400mg/kg Group, in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). The expression of CRF in the PVN was significantly decreased in PR 400mg/kg Group in comparison of the control group (p<0.05). The expression of c-Fos in the PVN was rather significantly increased in PR 100mg/kg Group in comparison with the control group, while almost no change was demonstrated in PR 400mg/kg Group. The expression of TH was significantly decreased in VTA in comparison with the control group (p<0.05), but the number of expression cells in LC was slightly decreased in case of PR 100mg/kg group while it was increased in case of PR 400mg/kg Group. Conclusion : Judging from the result of the aforementioned tests, Paeoniae Radix Rubra has decreased immobility. In addition, it has also decreased the expression of CRF and the expression of TH in VTA, while the expression of c-Fos and of TH in LC has no significance. Therefore, it is believed that Paeoniae Radix Rubra has an anti-depressant effect by decreased immobility through the reduced expression of CRF and TH in VTA.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

TRMM/PR (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Precipitation Radar)과 기상청의 C-band 도플러 레이더(제주, 군산, 부산)의 비교는 지상 레이더의 검증을 위해서 이루어졌다. 검증에 사용된 사례는 2000년 하계에 TRMM이 한반도 남부, 약 $36^{\circ}N$ 이남을 지나갈 때 강한 강수가 있는 날을 선택하였다. 서로 view angle, bandwidths와 주파수가 다른 두 개의 레이더를 정량적으로 비교하는 것은 어려운 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위해서 지상 레이더와 TRMM/PR을 동일한 격자로 만들어 동일 영역에서 비교하였다. 지상 레이더로부터 관측된 반사도는 PR에 의해 관측된 반사도에 비해 4-9dBZ정도 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌으며 이는 기계적인 성능이나 지형과 같은 많은 이유에 의해서 발생할 수 있다. 세 개의 지상 레이더 사이트 모두에서 TRMM과 비교하여 30dBZ 이상에서 RMSE가 가장 높게 나타나서 강한 에코를 지상레이더가 잘 관측하지 못하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1689-1691
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• 1999

The conduction characteristics of $Pr_6O_{11}$-based ZnO varistor were investigated. ZnO-$Pr_6O_{11}$-CoO-$Sm_2O_3$-based ZnO varistor were sintered at $1300^{\circ}C$ and $1350^{\circ}C$ in the addition range $0.0\sim2.0mol%$ $Sm_2O_3$, respectively. ZnO varistors which are added with 1.0mol% at each temperature exhibited best excellent conduction characteristics, namely the nonlinear exponent was 42.05 at $1300^{\circ}C$, 36.79 at $1350^{\circ}C$ and leakage current was $9.16{\mu}A$ at $1300^{\circ}C$, $11.7{\mu}A$ at $1350^{\circ}C$. Consequently, it is estimated that ZnO-$Pr_6O_{11}$-CoO-$Sm_2O_3$-based ZnO varistors, which $Sm_2O_3$ is added 1.0mol% is to be used as a basic composition of $Pr_6O_{11}$-based ZnO varistors.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2008

The effect of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma (PR) aqueous extracts were evaluated on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis, type I allergic model. Contact dermatitis was induced by sensitization with dinitrophenyl-derivatized ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) and DNFB challenge as antigen. Three different concentrations of PR extracts (300,150 and 75mg/kg) were orally administered to DNP-OVA sensitization mice once a day for 7 days with reference materials; dexamethasone (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment). End of 7 days oral administration of PR extracts or intraperitoneal treatment of dexamethasone, the changes on the edematous changes and scratching behavior were measured. Immediate after DNFB challenge on ear or paw of DNP-OVA sensitized mice, increases of ear and paw thicknesses and weights were detected with anterior ear skin (dermis to epidermis) thickness and paw scratching behavior increases. However, these DNFB-induced increases on ear and paw thicknesses, weights and scratching behaviors were decreased by treatment of all three different dosages of PR extracts and dexamethasone, respectively. In addition, the increases of anterior skin thicknesses were also dramatically inhibited by treatment of all three different dosages of PR extracts and dexamethasone at histopathological observations. The results obtained in this study suggest that oral treatment of PR extracts also has relatively favorable effects on allergic dermatitis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2020

Background: This study was performed to provide a long-term bacterial seal through the formation of reparative dentin bridge, calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials have been used at sites of pulpal exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineralization-inducing potentials of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials (ProRoot MTA [PR], Biodentine [BD], and TheraCal LC [TC]) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Methods: Specimens of test materials were placed in deionized water for various incubation times to measure the pH variation and the concentration of calcium released. The morphology of HDPCs cultured on the specimens was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assays were used to evaluate mineralization-inducing potentials of the capping materials. Results: BD showed the highest calcium release in all test periods, followed by PR and TC. (p<0.05). All experimental groups showed high alkalinity after 1 day, except at 14 days. BD showed the highest cell viability compared with PR and TC after 1 and 3 days, while TC showed the lowest value (p<0.05). The CLSM analysis showed that cells were well adhered and expressed actin filaments for all pulp capping materials. Mineralization by PR and BD groups was higher than that by TC group based on alizarin red S staining. BD showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity than PR and TC, while TC showed the lowest value (p<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the in vitro study, BD had higher mineralization-inducing potential than PR and TC.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2001

To evaluate the antitumor activity of Paridis Rhizoma(PR), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In cytotoxicity against MCF-7, SK-OV-3, HCT15, concentration inhibiting cell growth up to below 50% of control was recognized at $100-200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of PR and also against A549, XF498 was recognized at $50-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 2. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I, the $IC_{50}$ was shown $50-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of PR. 3. The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549 and SK-OV-3 to complex extracellular matrix up to below 50% of control was recognized at $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of PR. 4. The T/C% was 137.9 in PR-treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. From above results it was concluded that PR could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

현대의 반도체 산업에서 공정 중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하며, 가장 많은 자본과 인력을 소비하는 것이 바로 세정 공정이다. 세정공정은 소자의 작동에 영향을 미치고 기능을 저하시킬 수 있는 이물질 입자들을 제거하는 것이다. 특히 소자를 식각하기 위한 Photoresist(PR) 과정이 끝날 때마다 항상 세정 과정이 포함되어야 했다. 또한, Photoresist(PR) 공정 중 생성된 HDI-PR(high dose implanted photoresist)은 세정 과정에서 제거가 힘들기 때문에 현대의 고밀도 집적회로 세정 공정에서는 건식 세정과 습식 세정을 혼용하여 여러 단계의 세정 공정을 거치게 된다. 이 논문에서는 기존 플라즈마 방식으로 대표되는 건식 세정과 약액으로 대표되는 습식 세정을 동시에 사용하는 방식을 사용하여 약액활성화 방법(Plasma Liquid-Vapor Activation; PLVA)을 제안하여 실험을 실시하였고 HDI-PR을 활성화된 용액에 담근 후 Nano-Indenter를 이용하여 표면강도와 탄성계수를 측정했다. Nano-indenter는 특정한 기하학적 형태를 가지는 Tip을 표면에 압입한 후 압입하중과 압입깊이를 측정함으로서 시료의 표면강도와 탄성계수를 측정하였다. 그 결과 plasma로 활성화된 PR stripper 용액으로 strip한 후의 시료의 표면 강도가 크게 줄어든 것을 확인하였다. 이는 이후 물리적 표면 세정 공정을 후 공정으로 사용한다면 보다 효율적인 HDI-PR을 제거할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out the effect of cool-season turfgrass overseeding onto zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica L.) for extending green color and solving traffic problem during dormant periods. Overseeding rates of cool-season turfgrasses were $10g/m^2$ of Kentucky bluegrass(KB1), $20g/m^2$of Kentucky b1uegrass(KB2), $60g/m^2$ of perennial ryegrass(PR), $80g/m^2$ of Tall fescue(TF), and $10g/m^2$ of Kentucky bluegrass + $10g/m^2$ of perennial ryegrass mixture(KB+PR) onto 2m${\times}$2m(width${\times}$length) zoysiagrass plots with 3 replications.1 to 9-sca1e of visual quality and visual color were measured after treatment, Consequently cool-season turfgrass overseeding gave a good performances of extending the green periods and enhancing the turf grass quality. KB1 and KB2 were found to be excellent performances for visual quality and visual color compared to PR, TF, KB+PR and control. KB2 showed better turf performances than KB1 within Kentucky bluegrass overseedings. Turfgrass color was kept up for 10 months by overseeding of cool-season turfgrasses(KB1, KB2, PR, TP, KB+PR) compared to about 5~6 months by zoysiagrass(Control). The visual quality and visual color of PR and TF showed good performances during a green-up period of spring, but decreasing tendencies through the summer.Percent diseases data revealed also higher ratings for PR and TF compared to for KB1 and KB2.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2003

Polygalae Radix (PR) from Polygala tenuifolia. (Polygalaceae) is traditionally used in China and Korea, since this herb has a sedative, antiinflammatory, and antibacterial agent. To extend pharmacological actions of PR in the CNS on the basis of its CNS inhibitory effect, the present study examined whether PR has the neuroprotective action against kainic acid (KA) -induced cell death in primarily cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons. PR, over a concentration range of 0.05 to $5{\mu}g/ml$ inhibited KA $(500\;{\mu}M)$-induced neuronal cell death, which was measured by a trypan blue exclusion test and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. PR $(0.5{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by KA $(500\;{\mu}M)$, which was measured by HPLC. Pretreatment of PR $(0.5{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited KA $(500\;{\mu}M)$-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_c)$ which was measured by a fluorescent dye, Fura 2-AM, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that PR prevents KA-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro.