• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.655-664
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• 1995

Sixty male patients with polysomnographically documented OSA were included in this study. A pair of cephalograms were obtained in the upright and supine positions. In the supine position, the ANB angle, lower facial height and the cross-sectional area of soft palate increased and there was a decrease in the vertical airway length and oropharynx cross-sectional area. Positional changes did not affect the cross-sectional area of tongue, but the cross-sectional area of the oropharynx decreased in the supine position. The obese group had higher AI and RDI. Maxillary unit length, C3-H, the cross-sectional areas of tongue, soft palate and oropharynx were significantly greater in the group Obese than in non-obese group. No correlation was noted between the mandibular unit length and OSA severity, The group of small mandibular unit length showed shorter lower facial height and maxillary unit length, and smaller cross-sectional area of tongue than the long mandibular unit length group. Hyold bone positioned more inferiorly and cross-sectional area of nasopharynx decreased as the OSA severity increased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1983

During the period of March 1981 to September 1982 a series of survey has been done on the value of amylase in blood and urine of 24 patients who went through the operation of heart surgery, for congenital and acquired heart diseases, with extracorporeal circulation at the Department of Thoracic _ Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University. In order to analyze the iteration and inter-relation of the value of amylase in blood and urine and the extra corporeal circulation time. The duration of extra-corporeal circulation time up to 60 minutes was classified as Group A while above 60 minutes was classified as Group B. The results are as follow; 1. 3 patients [23.07%] among 13 patients of Group A and 3 patients [27.27%] among 11 patients, showed increased amylase value after the surgery. 2. The average value in blood after operation was 120.3190.71 unit in Group A and 130.90113.15 unit in Group B. It was 11.59 units [9.63%] higher in Group A than in Group B. 3. 1 patient [7.7%] among 13 patients of Group A and 2 patients[18.18%] among 11 patients of Group B, the frequency of Group B was 10.48% higher. 4. The average Value of amylase in urine after the surgery was 111.9254.87 unit in Group A and 151.54111.17 unit in Group B. It was 39.62 unit [32.72%] higher in Group A than in Group B. 5. The longer the duration of extra corporeal circulation time showed the higher the amylase value in blood and urine after the operation. 6. Although the value of amylase in blood and urine was increased after operation, no patients Were found to have developed clinical pancreatitis.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to develop the multicomponent intervention for preventing delirium among postoperative patients in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Methods: Using a quasi-experimental pre & post-test design with a non-equivalent control group, a total of 88 hospitalized patients in a SICU participated in this study. The 44 patients were allocated in each experimental and control group. The experimental group received the multicomponent intervention for delirium prevention including a delirium assessment and nursing intervention using a checklist, whereas the control group was provided with a standard care. The primary outcome of this study was the delirium incidence during the course of hospitalization. Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups. The delirium occurred in 19.2% in the experimental group, whereas 38.6% in the control group ($x^2=4.526$, p<.05). Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated an effect of the multicomponent delirium prevention intervention in decreasing the delirium incidence rate over the standard care among the patients in SICU.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 1999

This study has examined the effects of Aralia elata Seemann ethanol extract on antioxidant enzyme systems inrats along with benzo($\alpha$) pyrene(B(a)P) administration . The ethanol extract of Aralia elata Seemann (50mg/kg body wt.) was fed to rats for 4 weeks by stomach tubing. The extract administration increased antioxidant activities of glutathione sulfur transferase(GST) comparing to the control. also total superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Cu, Zn-SOD activities were stimulated. Catalase activities were increased by 50% with the extract feeding compared to the control . Combined administration of B($\alpha$)P and the extract increased GST activity in B($\alpha$) P group. Although total SOD acitivity was decreased , Cu, Zn-SOD was greately increased from 0.10unit to 0.18 unit and catalase activity also was increased compared to the group of B($\alpha$) P. GST activity in CLE group was 1.32 unit, increased by 33% comparing to the group CL of 0.99unit. Cu, Zn-SOD and catalase activities in thegroup fed high fat and ethanol extracts were increased by 25% and 39%, respectivley comparing to the group of high fat. In addition , total SOD was decreased but, Cu, Zn-SOD acitivity was increased from 0.09 unit to 0.18unit. Catalase activity was 76.05 unit in the group of B($\alpha$) P and extract comparing to 65.26 units in B($\alpha$)P group. Serum $\alpha$-tocopherol of rat was markedly increased by theextract. Administration of B9$\alpha$)P reduced $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in the serum, on the other hand, lard in the diet increased $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in the serum. The above results indicate that Aralia bud exerts antioxidant functions in vivo against B($\alpha$)P. Further research may be necessary for the identification fo the biologically active material.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2023

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to compare the trueness of 3-unit fixed dental provisional prostheses (FDPs) fabricated by three different additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing procedures. Methods: A reference model with a maxillary left second premolar and the second molar prepped and the first molar missing was scanned for the fabrication of 3-unit FDPs. An anatomically shaped 3-unit FDP was designed on computer-aided design software. 10 FDPs were fabricated by subtractive (MI group) and additive manufacturing (stereolithography: SL group, digital light processing: DL group, liquid crystal displays: LC group) methods, respectively (N=40). All FDPs were scanned and exported to the standard triangulated language file. A three-dimensional analysis program measured the discrepancy of the internal, margin, and pontic base area. As for the comparison among manufacturing procedures, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction were evaluated statistically. Results: Regarding the internal area, the root mean square (RMS) value of the 3-unit FDPs was the lowest in the MI group (31.79±6.39 ㎛) and the highest in the SL group (69.34±29.88 ㎛; p=0.001). In the marginal area, those of the 3-unit FDPs were the lowest in the LC group (25.39±4.36 ㎛) and the highest in the SL group (48.94±18.98 ㎛; p=0.001). In the pontic base area, those of the 3-unit FDPs were the lowest in the LC group (8.72±2.74 ㎛) and the highest in the DL group (20.75±2.03 ㎛; p=0.001). Conclusion: A statistically significant difference was observed in the RMS mean values of all the groups. However, in comparison to the subtractive manufacturing method, all measurement areas of 3-unit FDPs fabricated by three different additive manufacturing methods are within a clinically acceptable range.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to verify the effect of applying a pressure biofeedback unit on walking ability and knee joint function while performing knee joint extensor strengthening exercises using resistance exercise equipment in total knee replacement (TKR) patients. Methods: This study was conducted on twelve patients receiving rehabilitation treatment after being admitted to a rehabilitation hospital post-TKR. Of these, six were allocated to a feedback group with a pressure biofeedback unit, and the other 6 were allocated to a control group without a pressure biofeedback unit. The subjects performed an exercise program for 45 minutes per session, five times a week, for two weeks. Walking ability and knee joint function were evaluated and analyzed before and after exercise. Results: The feedback group showed significantly better improvements in walking speed, gait cycle, step length on the non-operation side, time on the foot on the operation side, K-WOMAC stiffness, and K-WOMAC function than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: When strengthening the knee joint extensor muscles using resistance exercise equipment in TKR patients, the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit was found to improve walking ability and knee joint function by inducing concentric-eccentric contraction of the knee joint extensor muscles. Therefore, the study shows that exercise based on the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit should be considered when strengthening knee joint extensor muscles to improve the walking ability and knee joint function of TKR patients in clinical practice.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to calculate the total daily nursing workload and the optimum number of nurses per intensive care unit (ICU) based on the nursing intensity and the direct nursing time per inpatient using the patient classification. Methods: Two ICUs at one general hospital were investigated. To calculate the nursing intensity, patient classification according to the nursing needs was conducted for 10 days in each unit during September 2018. We performed patient classifications for a total of 167 patient-days in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) and 86 patient-days in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). The total number of person-days for nurses who responded to the Nursing Time survey was 151 for MICU and 85 for SICU. In each unit, direct and non-direct nursing hours, nursing intensity score, and direct nursing hours were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and average calculated using Microsoft Excel. The amount of nursing workload and the optimum number of nurses were calculated according to the formula developed by the authors. Findings: For the MICU, the average direct nursing time per patient was 5.59 hours for Group 1, 6.98 hours for Group 2, and 9.28 hours for Group 3. For the SICU, the average direct nursing time per patient was 5.43 hours for Group 1, 7.21 hours for Group 2, 9.75 hours for Group 3, and 12.82 hours for Group 4. Practical Implications: This study confirmed that the appropriate number of nurses was not secured in the nursing unit of this study, and that leisure time such as meal time during nursing work hours was not properly guaranteed. The findings suggest that to create working environments where nurses can serve for extended periods of time without compromising their professional standards, hospitals should secure an appropriate number of nurses.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.807-815
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• 2005

Let R be a ring with identity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of Rand G the group of all units of R. We will consider two group actions on X by G, the regular action and the conjugate action. In this paper, by investigating two group actions we can have some results as follows: First, if G is a finitely generated abelian group, then the orbit O(x) under the regular action on X by G is finite for all nilpotents x $\in$ X. Secondly, if F is a field in which 2 is a unit and F $\backslash\;\{0\}$ is a finitley generated abelian group, then F is finite. Finally, if G in a unit-regular ring R is a torsion group and 2 is a unit in R, then the conjugate action on X by G is trivial if and only if G is abelian if and only if R is commutative.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was done to develop a program to promote maternal role confidence and maternal attachment for mothers of premature infants and to evaluate the effects in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This program was developed through a literature review and validation of an expert group, and tested with 60 preterm infants (experimental group 30, control group 30) in a NICU in South Korea. Data were collected from December 2017 to March 2018 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2-test$ and Fisher's exact test with the SPSS/Win statistical program. Results: Maternal role confidence for the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (t=3.22, p=.002). Maternal attachment in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (t=2.30, p=.025). Conclusion: The program developed in this study should be effective in promoting maternal role confidence and maternal attachment in mothers of premature infants.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2004년도 한국우주과학회보 제13권2호
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• pp.337-340
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• 2004

Upper stage telemetry system of KSLV- I (Korea Space Launch Vehicle I) is composed of MDU (Master Data Unit), RDU (Remote Data Unit), SRU (Shock Recorder Unit) and Transmitter. RDU is the front-end telemetry data acquisition unit which gathers analog/discrete signals from various sensors and other units, and transmits the processed data to MDU via MIL-STD-I553B data bus. In order to acquire useful data from analog signal, signal conditioning circuits, such as anti-aliasing or amplifying, should be implemented. For this purpose, SCM (Signal Conditioning Module) had been developed. This paper describes hardware structure of SCM and analog signal conditioning circuits for various sensors. Also, sampling time scheme for different sampling rates were designed and tested.