• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

Xenotransplantation of pig organs into humans is a potential solution for the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. However, multiple immune barriers preclude its clinical application. In particular, the initial type of rejection in xenotransplantation is an acute cellular rejection by host $CD8^+$ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells that react to donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein Unique Short (US) 2 specifically targets MHC class I heavy chains to relocate them from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome. In this study we transfected the US2 gene into minipig fetal fibroblasts and established four US2 clonal cell lines. The integration of US2 into transgenic fetal cells was confirmed using PCR and Southern blot assay. The reduction of Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)-I by US2 was also detected using Flow cytometry assay (FACS). The FACS analysis of the US2 clonal cell lines demonstrated a substantial reduction in SLA-I surface expression. The level (44% to 76%) of SLA-I expression in US2 clonal cell lines was decreased relative to the control. In cytotoxicity assay the rate of $CD8^+$ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced to 23.8${\pm}$15.1% compared to the control (59.8${\pm}$8.4%, p<0.05). In conclusion, US2 can directly protect against $CD8^+$-mediated cell lysis. These results indicate that the expression of US2 in pig cells may provide a new approach to overcome the CTL-mediated immune rejection in xenotransplantation.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2011

This study mainly examined the unit space (room) called 'MARI' of the private houses that were built between the 19c and the early 20c in the insular areas of southwestern sea. Generally, this region has unique historicity (restructure of the insular environment in the 17c and the 18c) and geographic environment that are different from inland regions thus the environment is presumed as a related factor to developments and structures of the private houses. 'MARI' is a noticeable space that is installed in a main building without an exception even in small 3 bedroom private houses. Its nature has location and usage distinctions in an architectural plan with similar 'MARU' of inland Jeollanam-Do. There are large crocks filled with grains at MARI. Thus, MARI is a storage room. Mostly rice and various other kinds of grains are stored in the several crocks, large and small. Many household goods are kept here as well. Another peculiar function of MARI is that this space commonly enshrines ancestral tablets of three generations. Hence, MARI takes a role of a shrine of an aristocratic house from an inland region. Considering the size of the house and space, this seems to be a very unprecedented utilization of area. MARI is located at the top (at the head of the house) on the floor plan. In other words, it is located at the space in the highest rank. The importance of ancestor worship and grains is evinced architecturally. It is really interesting fact that MARI is also located within recently built modern houses (Cheongsan Island, Joyak Island, etc.). Therefore, it can be said that the unique MARI tradition of this region has an intact continuity even today. After all, MARI has a great significance as a unique unit space of insular areas of southwestern sea that is installed in the main buildings of all houses regardless of size and shape of the houses, and their insular locations.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.641-657
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• 2020

A unique lightweight string truss deployable bridge assembled by thin-walled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and metal profiles was designed for emergency applications. As a new structure, investigations into the static structural performance under the serviceability limit state are desired for examining the structural integrity of the developed bridge when subjected to unsymmetrical loadings characterized by combined torsion and bending. In this study, a full-scale experimental inspection was conducted on a fabricated bridge, and the combined flexural-torsional behavior was examined in terms of displacement and strains. The experimental structure showed favorable strength and rigidity performances to function as deployable bridge under unsymmetrical loading conditions and should be designed in accordance with the stiffness criterion, the same as that under symmetrical loads. In addition, a finite element model (FEM) with a simple modeling process, which considered the multi segments of the FRP members and realistic nodal stiffness of the complex unique hybrid nodal joints, was constructed and compared against experiments, demonstrating good agreement. A FEM-based numerical analysis was thereafter performed to explore the effect of the change in elastic modulus of different FRP elements on the static deformation of the bridge. The results confirmed that the change in elastic modulus of different types of FRP element members caused remarkable differences on the bending and torsional stiffness of the hybrid bridge. The global stiffness of such a unique bridge can be significantly enhanced by redesigning the critical lower string pull bars using designable FRP profiles with high elastic modulus.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Design in the 21st Century requires showing extraordinary and revolutionary possibilities by merging multiple cultures or different art forms. 21C fashion also increases its's complexity through the blending in of other design field's styles and forms. In other words, 21C's fashion design involves not only clothing, but combines techniques, aspects and functions fulled from various design categories. As a result, Current fashion design becomes more unique, and shows various styles. From this point of view, this study focuses on creating and suggesting unique textile designs through the understanding of design processes of textiles, which are inspired by high tech architectural structures. The fundamental shape of the architectural structures were simplified into thick lines and geometric shapes. these design elements were then transferred into textile designs. As a result, unique textile looks were created, and were applied to the apparel designs by CAD to see 3d simulations. Exchanging or merging ideas of different design categories leads innovative and fresh looks. 21C is rapidly changing, and designers need to continually introduce new looks every season. Incorporating 21st Century consumption patterns, designers must understand the process of creating original designs through various methods. The innovative fabric designs for this study involved a creative process of drawing from a step by step breakdown of two separate design fields, which were then merged into one finished design. The data and research from this study can be used as a reference tool for any further applicable fashion and textile designs in the future.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 1987

In the life style of the neolithic age, cooking and sleeping space was in one room dugout without differentiation of spaces, so to say one room system. Ro(a kind of primitive fire place) was used for both cooking and heating. However, in the early part of the Iron Age, the uses of Ro were separated into two major uses of cooking and heating. Especially, L-shaped Kudle(an unique under floor heating structure of Korea) was invented for the new system of heating, extending to Koguryo Period. The life style of Koguryo Dynasty could be seen through the mural paintings of tombs. For these mural paintings contain of cooking space(Kitchen), meat storage, and mill house drawing, we can recognize that houses were specialized many quaters according to their function. Also a kitchen fuel hole for preparing food was built without relation to L-shaped Kudle. But during Koryo Period, Kudle could be set up all over the room, the so-called Ondol(the unique Korean panel heating system) settled down. From this development of heating system, room could be adjacent to kitchen, and kitchen fuel hole and heating fuel hole be onething. This system was developed with variety, extending to Chosun Dynasty. In the period of Chosun Dynasty, a kitchen was made close to an Anbang(Woman's living room), and Anbangs Ondol was heated by the warmth of a cooking fireplace. Therefore Handae Puok, outer kitchen was used in summer. As for its storage space, it was seen that there were a pantry near the kitchen and a store house constructed as an independant building. In the latter, it was devided into a firewood storage, a Kimchi storage, and a rice storage, etc. Especially it is a unique feature that 'Handae-Duyju', an outer rice chest which keeps rice, was constructed as an isolated small building.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 인테리어 분야에서 스웨덴의 현대 디자인 발전에 지대한 영향을 미친 스벤스크 텐의 철학과 인본적 기능주의 디자인의 형성과정과 특성을 알아보고자 함이다. 연구를 함에 있어 스벤스크 텐이 형성되던 동시대 건축과 가구디자인의 디자인 패러다임을 연구하고 이 고유의 브랜드가 당시 유럽의 기능주의 디자인의 흐름 속에서 어떻게 스웨디시 모던 스타일의 대표 주자로 자리 잡게 되었는지에 대한 과정을 이론적으로 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 1930년대 이후 스벤스크 텐의 독창적 정체성을 형성하는 데 결정적 기여를 한 요셉 프랭크의 가구 및 텍스타일 디자인을 동시대 스웨덴의 디자인 사례와 비교하여 스벤스크 텐이 실현하고자 한 인본적 기능주의 디자인을 형태적 재료적 측면에서 분석하고 이를 개념화하였다. 이에 대한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1)공간과 요소, 양식과 기능의 유기성, 2)아말감화를 통한 독창적 공간, 3)추상적 패턴을 통한 공간의 열린 감성, 4)공간을 파괴하지 않는 가구의 형태, 5)합리적 기능주의의 한계 극복.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.774-780
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• 2009

Flammulina velutipes is a popular edible basidiomycete mushroom found in East Asia and is commonly known as winter mushroom. Mushroom development showing dramatic morphological changes by different environmental factors is scientifically and commercially interesting. To create a genetic database and isolate genes regulated during mushroom development, cDNA libraries were constructed from three developmental stages of mycelium, primordium, and fruit body in F. velutipes. We generated a total of 5,431 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from randomly selected clones from the three cDNA libraries. Of these, 3,332 different unique genes (unigenes) were consistent with 2,442 (73%) singlets and 890 (27%) contigs. This corresponds to a redundancy of 39%. Using a homology search in the gene ontology database, the EST unigenes were classified into the three categories of molecular function (28%), biological process (29%), and cellular component (6%). Comparative analysis found great variations in the unigene expression pattern among the three different unigene sets generated from the cDNA libraries of mycelium, primordium, and fruit body. The 19-34% of total unigenes were unique to each unigene set and only 3% were shared among all three unigene sets. The unique and common representation in F. velutipes unigenes from the three different cDNA libraries suggests great differential gene expression profiles during the different developmental stages of F. velutipes mushroom.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2005

현대에 와서 작가주의와 예술주의 애니메이션은 감독의 사상을 표현하는 독특한 장르의 예술의 형태가 되었다. 러시아 애니메이터 유리 놀스테인의 $\lceil$이야기 속의 이야기$\rfloor$는 작가의 시대적 리얼리즘에 대한 형이상학적인 주제를 표현하는데 있어 컷 아웃 기법과 회화적인 느낌을 강조한 페이퍼 애니메이션 그리고 복잡한 시퀀스의 구성 등을 강조한 작품으로, 개성적이고 창의적인 작품으로 평가되고 있다. 본 논문은 이 작품에서 주요하게 적용된 여러 상징적 이미지의 전개를 통한 몽타주 기법, 상반된 세계의 통시적 표현, 결과에 따른 원인 설명을 나중에 표현하는 독특한 복선, 긴박하고 심각한 상황을 위한 빠른 반복, 상황이 다른 두 캐릭터의 심리적 거리감을 표현하기 위해 사용한 카메라의 움직임과 편집 과정을 분석하였고, 도출된 결과들은 작업에 임하는 작가주의, 예술주의 애니메이터들에게 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2007

최근 도시마케팅의 일환으로 많은 지방자치단체에서 도시브랜드 슬로건을 개발하였거나 개발 중에 있다. 도시브랜드 슬로건을 개발함에 있어 효과적이고 보다 체계적인 방법이 될 수 있도록 기초자료를 만들고 해외의 도시브랜드 슬로건 개발 사례와 국내의 도시브랜드 슬로건 개발 사례를 비교 분석하여 하였다. 국내 도시브랜드 슬로건의 특징으로는 거의 대부분이 도시명을 포함한 단항의 구조로 캠페인형이었다. 소재로는 대부분 추상적 가치를 소재로 사용하였다. 성공적인 도시브랜드 슬로건의 개발 기본 요건으로는 차별성 부각을 들 수 있다. 지역 특유의 자연환경, 문화, 역사 등이 담긴 슬로건만이 독창적이고 차별성이 강한 도시브랜드 슬로건이 될 수 있다. 단기적 유행성에 치우치지 않고 중장기 전략과 비젼, 명확한 설정이 있어야 한다. 또한 개발 후에도 지역주민 모두가 공감할 수 있는 커뮤니케이션이 이루어질 때 도시브랜드 슬로건은 확산이 되고 브랜드로서의 가치를 생성할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2015

최근 문화 창조산업에 있어서 문화 콘텐츠 개발은 중요한 실천적 과정이다. 제주도의 설화와 신화 연구는 지역기반 문화 콘텐츠 개발의 근간이 될 수 있다. 제주 내왓당 신화의 대상인 무신도(巫神圖) 10신위는 전해오는 제주 무신도 중에 채색화로는 유일하며, 제주도 민속자료 제7호와 국가 중요민속자료 제240호로 지정되어 있다. 앨리아데는 "신화의 상징적 사고의 이미지들은 언어와 추론적 이성에 선행하고, 인간존재와 공존하며 아무렇게나 만든 창조물이 아니라 어떤 필요성과 기능에 응하고 있다"고 하였다. 제주 내왓당 무신도 10신위 역시 타지방과는 달리 우리나라 초기 인류의 사고(감정)의 원천이라고 할 수 있는 이미지와 상징들의 원형과도 연결될 수 있으므로 이미지와 그 상징적 의미에 접근하기 위해 우시우스 웡(Wucius Wong)의 디자인이론을 중심으로 시각적 요소, 상관적 요소, 실재적 요소로 구분하여 이미지를 분석하였다. 그 결과 10신위들의 재현들을 통해 무신도 기능적인 측면들을 표현해주고 있으며 고대 우리나라 복식과 인류사상을 표현하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제주신화연구중 이미지를 중심으로 분석적 연구를 진행하여 제주신화의 근원적 연구와 문화콘텐츠 개발를 위한 조형논리를 제공한다.