• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1970-1974
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• 2010

This paper is how to improve contaminated air by the pollutant from vehicles through ventilators and entrance at the underground station. We are looking for the environment management to take care of customers. There is two ventilation systems. One is natural ventilation system, the other is forced ventilation system. Usually, subway ventilators were installed low on the sidewalk. There are lots of craps on the ventilators, so these things interrupt influx of outside air. But the gas from the vehicles comes into the station through entrance. There is lots of noise while ventilations run. So we install the supply air vents away from the road for the customers. If it's difficult, we cover around the ventilator with clear plastic plates more than 2M heights. We also install silencer on the ventilators. We install the air curtains on the entrances to prevent dust from outside. Seoul Metropolitan has a plan to make 60M deep underground road. To improve underground road air quality, ventilators should be installed that consider the above information.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2000

1980년대 말 이후 산업구조의 개편에 따라 국내 대부분의 광산은 폐·휴업 상태이며, 기존 채굴공동은 방치되고 있어 부분적으로 환경 저해요인으로 인식되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서,이들 폐공동의 활용방안을 검토하기 위하여 1차적으로 외국의 활용 사례를 검토하였다. 그 결과 농·수·축산물의 지하저장, 압축공기의 저장시설, 산업 폐기물의 처리장으로의 활용 예를 예시하였다. 그러나 국내에서 비교적 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 분야는 산업 폐기물의 처리장이라 할 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 채굴공동에 대한 보강 및 안전 대책의 수립은 물론 각 이용 목적에 따른 암반공학적 연구가 선행되어야 한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

본 연구는 제주지역에서 온실 내 냉난방 및 $CO_2$ 공급 목적으로 지하공기를 이용하는 14개 농업 시설을 대상으로 약 3개월 동안 지하공기 이용 온실과 미이용 공간 내 라돈 농도 및 지하공기 이용 시설의 가동에 따른 지하공기 유입구 내 라돈 농도 분포를 조사하였다. 장기간 라돈 농도는 수동형 알파 입자비적 검출기(Raduet, Radosys Ltd., Hungary)로, 실시간 라돈 농도는 능동형 연속측정 검출기(RAD7, Durridge Co., USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 지하공기 이용 온실 내 라돈 농도는 지하공기 미이용 공간과 국내 가옥의 실내 평균값보다 높은 범위였으며, 대부분 농업 시설에서는 국제방사선 방호위원회에서 권고한 근무지에서의 참조준위 1,000 Bq/$m^3$ 보다 낮은 반면 한 개 지점에서는 높은 결과를 보였다. 장기간 및 실시간 지하공기 이용 시설의 가동에 따른 유입구의 라돈 농도 분포는 각각 1,228~5,259 및 3,322~17,900 Bq/$m^3$ 범위로 지역적인 차이를 보였다. 본 연구 결과, 지하공기 중 라돈 농도는 농업 시설이 위치한 지역의 지질 특성 및 시추공 깊이와 밀접한 관계가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1987

There are many factors such as airtighteness and high density of merchandises or passengers that contaminate indoor air in underground commercial floor. So it is very important to know air quality and quantity of contamination in underground market increasing in number lately. It was from these viewpoints that gaseous pollutants, dusts and mutagenicity of organic compounds extracted from dusts in an underground market were investigatd. Organic ompounds (tar) were extracted by Soxhlet extractor with benzene as a solvent. Mutagenicities of these extracts were evaluated by the preincubation method using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 strains with and without S9mix. The results obtained were as follows: It seemed to be under the influence of outdoor air that the concentrations of $CO, CO_2, NO, NO_2$ and dusts were higher in winter than summer. The concentration of $CO_2$ was higher in indoor than outdoor, but the concentration of NOx was similar in both sampling areas. Metal contents in dusts attached to the ventilation ducts were as follows showing in order of high concentration : Fe (9000-22000ppm), Zn(1200-2300ppm) and Pb (280-590ppm). The contents of tar were 6-33% of dusts, and higher than those from dusts collected by high volume air sampler. The extracts from dusts attached to the inlet duct exhibited lower mutagenicity than those from dusts attached to the outlet duct. This finding seemed to suggest that mutagenic substances were in creasing in underground. There was no seasonal difference of mutagenicity toward TA 98. Toward TA 100 in the presence of S9mix, the mutagenicity was about 3 fold higher in winter than summer. The mutagenicities of tar extracted from dusts collected by high volume air sampler were different from those attached to the ventilation ducts. The former showed 2-3 fold higher mutagenicity than the latter toward TA 100. However no difference showed between the former and the latter toward TA 98 in the absence of S9mix, but the former was 4-5 fold higher than the latter in the presence of S9mix.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2014

This research developed a hybrid heat pump system with the functions of dehumidification and heating, which uses simulated air that is like underground air, from an environmental chamber as a heat source. The system consisted of three evaporators and three condensers that were installed in series in the air passage, between the underground and load space. As results, the total amount of dehumidification was 2.726 kg/h, and the heating $COP_h$ was 1.84 at air intake temperature $17^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 70%, which is a similar condition to underground air. We found that the total amount of dehumidification also increased with the air temperature and humidity. The system $COP_s$ was reached at 2.5, if we include the latent heat of dehumidification in the conventional heat pump system's COP.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.620-627
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• 2010

This paper presents a feasibility study of a fresh air load reduction system by using an underground double floor space. The fresh air is introduced into the double slab space and passes through the opening bored into the footing beam. The air is cooled by the heat exchange with the inside surface of the double slab space in summer, and heated in winter. This system not only reduces sensible heat load of the fresh air by heat exchange with earth but also reduces latent heat load of the fresh air by ad/de-sorption of underground double slab concrete. In this paper, we investigated the correlation between outdoor air temperature and outlet air temperature in the system. In conclusion, from the results of the high correlation we proposed a equation of regression for the outlet air temperature in the system by using linear regression analysis.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2014

The objective of the present study was to identify ventilation problems, and also to suggest new axial fan systems for the improvement of IAQ in the underground parking lots. Numerical results for air mean-velocity, local mean age, and sound power level are presented along with some of fan angles. The results showed the influence of airflow patterns on the fan performances installed in the underground parking lots. Discharge air volume is increased with the angle of the blade. And also, the main factors affecting the noise of the ventilation fan was found to be a rotational speed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2011

Energy efficiency and indoor air quality have become main issue to develop healthy and sustainable building in these days. As an effort to reduce the energy consumption in multi-residential building, many attempts as like passive design strategies and renewable energy as well as active control method are tried. However, underground parking lot in multi-residential building seldom adopt the sustainable strategies and only mechanical system is installed as usual. Moreover, the mechanical system installed in underground parking lot is rarely operated due to the electric demand for operation after completion. In this study, as an energy efficient measure, natural ventilation system using stack effect as a driving force for underground parking lot will be proposed and the performance of the suggested system will be analyzed by simulation method.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

Public attention to the indoor environment of underground subway stations, which is a representative multi-use facility, has been increasing along with the increase in indoor activities. In underground stations, fine iron oxide, which affects the health of users, is generated because of the friction between wheels and rails. Among particulate pollutant reduction technologies, plants have been considered as a non-chemical air purification method, and their effects in reducing certain chemical species have been identified in previous studies. The present study aimed to derive the total quantitative and qualitative reduction effects of a bio-filter system comprising air purifying plants, installed in an underground subway station. The experiment proceeded in two ways. First, PM(particulate matter) reduction effect by vegetation biofilter was monitored with the IAQ(indoor air quality) station. In addition, chemical speciation analysis conducted on the samples collected from the experimental and control areas where plants and irrigation using SEM-EDS(scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). This study confirmed the effect of the vegetation bio-filter system in reducing the accumulation of particulate pollutants and transition and other metals that are harmful to the human body.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1998

In this study, airborne particle samples were obtained to determine the concentrations of particulate air pollutants in indoor and outdoor air of public facilities in Taegu area. Total of 12 public facilities, regulated by the Public Sanitary Law, were selected as sampling sites, which include three underground arcades, one railway and two bus terminals, three general hospitals, and three department stores. In each place, sampling was carried out seasonally during the period of October 1994 to July 1995, and four samples per each site per season were collected both indoors and outdoors simultaneously. After determination of suspended particulate matter (SPM) mass concentrations, the particle samples were divided into two parts for subsequent chemical analysis: one for the analysis of trace elements and the other for water soluble ions. Seasonal levels of SPM appeared to be the highest in spring and the lowest in summer both indoors and outdoors, while locational variations of highest in statioyterminals, and lowest in department stores . SPM concentrations indoors and outdoors did not show any significant differences each other in most places . However, there were significant correlations between indoor and outdoor levels of SPM and other chemical species . These results indicates that indoor SPM levels are likely to be significantly affected by outdoor sources in many places. The most significant source of SPM was estimated to be the resuspension of soil/road dust both indoors and outdoors . The concentrations of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu) in underground arcades appeared to be very much lower than the established air quality guidelines for underground environments. In addition, it is likely that micro-environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air velocity, play a less significant role than outdoor air quality as a factor affecting the levels of particulate pollutants in indoor environments of public facilities in Taegu area.