• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2023

Objectives: In this study, dental hygienists' perceptions of dental hygienists' communication and general public's mutual perceptions were compared to seek development directions and plans for improving dental hygienists' communication skills, and furthermore, communication to increase satisfaction between the general public and dental hygienists. This study was conducted to provide basic data on the development and direction of competency improvement education. Methods: From April 1 to April 31, 2023, a survey was conducted through an online link for the general public with dental treatment experience and dental hygienists currently working at dentists in Gwangju and Jeonnam. A total of 258 questionnaires were collected. Independence t-test and paired t-test were performed using SPSS Statistics (ver. 21.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) Results: As a result of analyzing the accuracy of the communication ability of dental hygienists, from the dental hygienist's point of view, general publics perceived that the dental hygienist's underestimation of their own communication ability was actually lower than the dental hygienist's underestimated communication ability. From the general public's point of view, dental hygienists overestimated their communication ability. In fact, dental hygienists perceived their general publics as higher than general public's overestimated communication ability. Conclusions: Based on these results, it is necessary to develop education and operate various educational programs to improve the communication skills of dental hygienists, and to rethink educational accessibility to increase participation in education and to publicize the professionalism of dental hygienists.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.284-296
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare 24-h diet recall (DR) and 24-h urine collection (UC) for estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio (Na/K), identifying factors associated with sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K, and identifying those who were likely to underestimate sodium and potassium intakes by DR. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 640 healthy adults aged 19-69 yrs completed a questionnaire survey, salty taste assessment, anthropometric measurement, two 24-h DRs, and two 24-h UCs. RESULTS: The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K were 3,755 mg/d, 2,737 mg/d, and 1.45 according to DR, and 4,145 mg/d, 2,812 mg/d, and 1.57 according to UC, with percentage differences of -9.4%, -2.7%, and -7.6% in the values between the two methods, respectively. Men, older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who were found to be salty in the salty taste assessment consumed significantly more sodium; older adults, the heavy- activity group, and obese individuals consumed more potassium; and men, younger adults, smokers, and obese individuals had a significantly higher Na/K, according to UC. Compared with UC, DR was more likely to underestimate sodium intake in older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who consumed eating-out/delivery food at least once a day, and potassium intake in older adults, the heavy-activity group, and obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K estimated by DR were comparable to those measured by UC. However, the association of sodium and potassium intakes with sociodemographic and health-related factors showed inconsistent results when estimated by DR and UC. Factors influencing the underestimation of sodium intake by DR compared to UC should be further investigated.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.275-275
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• 2021

A fixed Z-R relationship approach, such as the Marshall-Palmer relationship, for an entire year and for different seasons can be problematic in cases where the relationship varies spatially and temporally throughout a region. From this perspective, this study explores the use of long-term radar reflectivity for South Korea to obtain a nationwide calibrated Z-R relationship and the associated uncertainties within a Bayesian regression framework. This study also investigates seasonal differences in the Z-R relationship and their roles in reducing systematic error. Distinct differences in the Z-R parameters in space are identified, and more importantly, an inverse relationship between the parameters is clearly identified with distinct regimes based on the seasons. A spatially structured pattern in the parameters exists, particularly parameter α for the wet season and parameter β for the dry season. A pronounced region of high values during the wet and dry seasons may be partially associated with storm movements in that season. Finally, the radar rainfall estimates through the calibrated Z-R relationship are compared with the existing Z-R relationships for estimating stratiform rainfall and convective rainfall. Overall, the radar rainfall fields based on the proposed modeling procedure are similar to the observed rainfall fields, whereas the radar rainfall fields obtained from the existing Marshall-Palmer Z-R relationship show a systematic underestimation. The obtained Z-R relationships are validated by testing the predictions on unseen radar-gauge pairs in the year 2018, in the context of cross-validation. The cross-validation results are largely similar to those in the calibration process, suggesting that the derived Z-R relationships fit the radar-gauge pairs reasonably well.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권3A호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 강섬유보강 초고강도 콘크리트 보의 휨강도를 산정하기 위한 실제적인 기법을 제시하였다. 14개의 보 부재에 대해 휨실험을 수행하여 휨거동 특성을 분석하였으며, 실험결과를 기존의 설계기준 및 제안기법에 의한 예측결과와 비교 분석하였다. ACI 544 위원회의 휨강도 제안식에 의한 예측값은 실험값을 과소평가하고 있으며, 이는 인장응력블록을 너무 작게 산정하기 때문이다. 인장응력블록을 정밀하게 모델링하기 위하여 노치를 갖는 프리즘 시편의 3점 휨인장실험자료의 역해석을 수행하였으며, 역해석을 통해 산정한 인장연화곡선을 인장응력블록 모델링에 적용하였다. 휨강도 실험값에 대한 제안기법에 의한 예측값의 비는 0.98~1.14를 나타내고 있다. 따라서, 이 연구에서의 제안기법은 강섬유보강 초고강도 콘크리트 보의 휨강도를 더욱 정확하게 예측할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-33
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• 2021

Successful sediment management at the watershed scale requires an understanding of the erosion, transport and sedimentation processes at the specific site scale. However, studies on the sediment runoff characteristics in a small uppermost watershed, which serves as a sediment supply function, are very rare. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the fluctuations in major sediment supply areas and sediment runoff in the uppermost mountain small watershed, and for this purpose, ArcSWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools with GIS interface) was applied to the Woldong reservoir catchment located in Gosam-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. The model results were manually calibrated using the monitoring data of the Woldong reservoir sedimentation rate from 2005 to 2007. It was estimated that annual average of 34.4 tons/year of sediment was discharged from the Woldong reservoir basin. This estimate almost coincided with the monitoring data of the Woldong reservoir during the low flow period but tended to be somewhat underestimated during the high flow period. Although the SWAT model does not fully reflect the erosion process of gully and in-channel, this underestimation is probably due to the spatial connectivity of sediment transport and the storage and reactivation of the sediment being transported. Most of the forested hillslopes with a well-developed organic horizon were evaluated as having a low risk of erosion, while the places with the highest risk of erosion were predicted to be distributed in the logged area with some weeds or shrubs (classified as pasture) with relatively steeper slopes, and in the bare land. The results of this study are expected to be useful in developing strategies for sediment control and reservoir management.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2013

This study describes consumers' movie choices in conjunction with other group members and attempts to reassess the effect of the online word of mouth (WOM) source in a joint decision context. The tendency of many people to go to movies in groups has been mentioned in previous literature but there is no modeling research that studies movie choice from the group decision perspective. We found that ignoring the group movie-going perspective can result in a misunderstanding, especially underestimation of genre preference and the impact of the WOM variables. Most of the studies to measure online WOM effects were done at the aggregate level, and the role of online WOM variables(volume vs valence) is mixed in the literature. We postulate that group-level analysis might offer insight to resolve these mixed understanding of WOM effects in the literature. We implemented the study via a random effect model with group-level heterogeneity. Romance, drama, and action were selected as genre variables; valence and volume were selected as online WOM variables. A choice-based conjoint survey was used for data collection and the models was estimated via Bayesian MCMC method. The empirical results show that (i) both genre and online WOM are important variables when consumers choose movies, especially as group, and (ii) the WOM valence effect are amplified more than the volume effect does as individuals are engaged in group decision. This research contributes to the literature in several ways. First, we investigate movie choice from a group movie-going perspective that is more realistic and consistent with the market behavior. Secondly, the study sheds new light on the WOM effect. At group-level, both valence and volume significantly affect movie choices, which adds to the understanding of the role of online WOM in consumers' movie choice.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2008

고객만족경영을 통하여 기업이 이윤의 증진을 도모하는 것은 자명한 일이다. 따라서 고객만족과 기업성과와의 직접적인 관계를 밝히는 것은 학술적으로나 실무적으로 매우 중요하다. 고객만족이 기업경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 지금까지의 연구에서는 주로 당기의 고객만족이 당기의 기업경영성과에 미치는 현재효과를 분석하였다. 그러나 마케팅활동이 동태적 효과를 갖는다는 연구에 의하면 고객만족이 현재뿐만 아니라 미래의 기업 경영성과에 미치는 동태적 효과의 검증이 필요하다. 만약 이 효과가 존재함에도 불구하고 이를 충분히 측정하지 못한다면 고객만족의 효과는 낮게 평가될 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 패널자료분석을 통하여 기업의 수익성과 기업가치에 미치는 고객만족의 동태적 효과를 추정하였다. 연구결과, 고객만족은 기업의 수익성과 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 주며, 동태적 효과를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 모형 추정결과, 모형의 적합도에서 이유재와 이청림(2006)보다 개선이 이루어 졌다. 한편 고객만족의 과거 항을 2기까지 추가한 비교모형은 추정결과의 해석이 어렵고, 다중공선성 문제가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1075-1089
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• 2023

핵감식은 국제사회에서 핵물질 통제 및 핵비확산 검증에 필수적인 부분으로 인식되고 있다. 핵감식을 위한 연대추정은 붕괴계열 특성 및 베이트만 방정식을 기반으로 핵물질의 정제 및 생산시기를 추정한다. 연대추정을 위한 요소 중 붕괴상수와 핵종 수는 분석이나 반복 실험을 통해 도출된 통계로 불확도를 가지기 때문에 연대추정의 결과도 불확도를 가진다. 본 연구는 기존의 베이트만 방정식 기반의 연대추정 불확도 계산의 한계를 극복하기 위해 전산모사를 통한 불확도 계산 알고리즘을 연구하였다. 불확도 계산 결과 기존 불확도 계산 방법과 동등한 수준의 결과가 나타났으며, 기존의 한계를 극복하여 2세대 이상의 불확도 계산이 가능하였고 불확도 계산 중 붕괴상수의 과소평가도 개선되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.143-159
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• 2023

Recently, the design of scaffolding systems has garnered considerable attention due to the increasing number of scaffold collapses. These incidents arise from the underestimation of imposed loads and the site-specific conditions that restrict the application of lateral restraints in scaffold assemblies. The present study is committed to augmenting the buckling resistance of vertical support members, obviating the need for supplementary lateral restraints. To achieve this objective, experimental and computational analyses were performed to assess the axial load buckling capacity of steel props, composed of two hollow steel pipes that slide into each other for a certain length. Three full-scale steel props with various geometric properties were tested to construct and validate the analytical models. The total unsupported length of the steel props is 6 m, while three pins were installed to tighten the outer and inner pipes in the distance they overlapped. Finite Element (FE) modeling is carried out for the three steel props, and the developed models were verified using the experimental results. Also, theoretical analysis is utilized to verify the FE analysis. Using the FE-verified models, a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effect of different inserted pipe lengths on the steel props' axial load capacity and lateral displacement. Based on the results, the typical failure mode for the studied steel props is global elastic buckling. Also, the prop's elastic buckling strength is sensitive to the inserted length of the smaller pipe. A threshold of minimum inserted length is one-third of the total length, after which the buckling strength increases. The present study offers a prop with enhanced buckling resistance and introduces an equation for calculating an equivalent effective length factor (k), which can be seamlessly incorporated into Euler's buckling equation, thereby facilitating the determination of the buckling capacity of the enhanced props and providing a pragmatic engineering solution.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2023

Objective: Little is known about the effects of using different expert-determined reference standards when evaluating the performance of deep learning-based automatic detection (DLAD) models and their added value to radiologists. We assessed the concordance of expert-determined standards with a clinical gold standard (herein, pathological confirmation) and the effects of different expert-determined reference standards on the estimates of radiologists' diagnostic performance to detect malignant pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs with and without the assistance of a DLAD model. Materials and Methods: This study included chest radiographs from 50 patients with pathologically proven lung cancer and 50 controls. Five expert-determined standards were constructed using the interpretations of 10 experts: individual judgment by the most experienced expert, majority vote, consensus judgments of two and three experts, and a latent class analysis (LCA) model. In separate reader tests, additional 10 radiologists independently interpreted the radiographs and then assisted with the DLAD model. Their diagnostic performance was estimated using the clinical gold standard and various expert-determined standards as the reference standard, and the results were compared using the t test with Bonferroni correction. Results: The LCA model (sensitivity, 72.6%; specificity, 100%) was most similar to the clinical gold standard. When expert-determined standards were used, the sensitivities of radiologists and DLAD model alone were overestimated, and their specificities were underestimated (all p-values < 0.05). DLAD assistance diminished the overestimation of sensitivity but exaggerated the underestimation of specificity (all p-values < 0.001). The DLAD model improved sensitivity and specificity to a greater extent when using the clinical gold standard than when using the expert-determined standards (all p-values < 0.001), except for sensitivity with the LCA model (p = 0.094). Conclusion: The LCA model was most similar to the clinical gold standard for malignant pulmonary nodule detection on chest radiographs. Expert-determined standards caused bias in measuring the diagnostic performance of the artificial intelligence model.