• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-199
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• 1990

Ore deposits of Dongwon mine are composed of numerous gold and silver veins emplaced in sedimentary rocks of Cambrian Choseon Supergroup and granitoids of Cretaceous age. Ore veins of the mine can be divided into gold and silver veins on the base of vein structure, mineral assemblage and vein trends. Mutual relationships between gold and silver veins are uncertain. Gold veins are simple veins which are composed of base-metal sulfides, and electrum with quartz and ankerite. On the other hand, silver veins are complex veins which reveal three distinct stages of mineral deposition based on vein structure; stage I, deposition of small amounts of oxides and pyrite with quartz; stage II, deposition of base-metal sulfides, small amounts of Ag-bearing minerals, calcite and quartz; stage III, deposition of base metal sulfides, electrum, Ag-sulfosalts, native silver, carbonates and quartz. Homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusion from quartz of gold vein are as follows; $229^{\circ}$ to $283^{\circ}C$, 4.7 to 6.4 wt.% equivalent NaCI. The ore mineralogy suggests that temperature(T) and sulfur fugacity($fs_2$) of the formation of the gold vein and stage III of silver vein are estimated as T ; $294^{\circ}$ to $318^{\circ}C$, $fs_2\;10^{-9.4}$ to $10^{-10.1}$ atm. and T; $240^{\circ}$ to $279^{\circ}C$, $fs_2;10^{-11.1}$ to $10^{-17.3}$ atm. respectively. Pressure condition during gold vein formation estimated from data of ore mineralogy and fluid inclusion range 500 to 750 bar.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.365-410
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• 2015

Block-rate structures are widely used in utility-pricing, including the Korean residential electricity sector. In the case of the current pricing structure, Korean citizens are highly concerned about incurring excessive electricity costs. For these reasons, there have been many discussions concerning mitigation of the strict pricing structure. Existing studies on the residential electricity demand function under block-rate structure have the following three issues - the consumer's budget constraint is non-linear, perceived price under block-rate structure is uncertain, block-rate structure has endogeneity in the price variable. In this context, this paper estimates the residential electricity demand function using micro-level household expenditure data and simulates the impact of alternative block-pricing schedules.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8707-8718
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to construct a hypothetic model for the influential theoretical variables for the facial cosmetic resurgery intention of female college students with cosmetic surgery experience and to examine the compatability of the re-surgery intention model with real data. The subjects in this study were 320 selected female college students who had undergone cosmetic surgery. After a survey was conducted from July 15 to September 20, 2014, the answer sheets from 300 respondents were gathered, and the answer sheets from 295 respondents were analyzed except for the five ones that included uncertain answers. As a result, it's ascertained that cognitive dissonance was under the direct influence of post-surgery satisfaction with appearance, self-esteem, subjective norm and lookism.. Self-esteem, subjective norm and lookism had a direct impact on resurgery intention, and self-esteem and lookism affected resurgery intention both in direct and indirect ways through the medium of cognitive dissonance. The findings of the study are expected to provide useful information on the development of nursing intervention programs geared toward promoting physical and mental health.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2009

GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3) and T-box expressed in T-cells (T-bet) are now considered as master transcription factors involving Th cell differentiation, but the roles of these factors are still uncertain in vivo. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of these transcription factors in the liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in rats. In this study, liver damage were induced with Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi water extracts (SBW) and followed for 4 weeks. The expression of GATA-3 and T-bet protein in liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ and the serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgE were studied after 4 weeks of treatment. We found that effect of SBW on IFN-$\gamma$, STAT1, pSTAT1 and T-bet was decreased in vivo. Several genes were demonstrated to be IL-4 inducible prior to the discovery of STAT6. $CCl_4$+SBW group was significantly lower than $CCl_4$ group in IL-4, STAT6, pSTAT6 and GATA-3. Our data indicate that cytokine protein production were increased in $CCl_4$ group and $CCl_4$+SBW group. From these results, water extracts obtained from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi may have an immunoregulatory effect in the liver induced by $CCl_4$ of rats.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.225-236
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• 2005

As a fresh trial using humorous items to escape from economic recession and uncertain state of mind regarding politics and society, fun is emerging as a keyword in design area. This study classified various use of fun reflected in modern fashion design according to the theme, and analyzed the mod of expression to identify formative characteristics. Through these processes, this study built conceptual structure of fun in fashion design. 412 fashion designs which represent fun were collected from 2001 $S/S{\sim}2005$ F/W collections. Data were analyzed and categorized. Results showed that the theme of fun in the modern fashion design could be classified into humor, kidult, irony, satire/parody, storytelling, and play. The design elements mainly used were color silhouette, letter, object, and drawing, while the design principles were distortion/exaggeration, incongruity, and repetition. In addition, these expressions were related to the traditional humor theory: incongruity-resolution, superior, and relief theories. The fun in modern fashion design has such value as affirmation, warmness, entertainment, youth, contradiction, surprise, deviate, allusion, attack, and description, Finally, in regard to the subject, the fun provides active experience like play as well as passive acceptance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2055-2062
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• 2013

Digital evidence which is the new form of evidence to crime makes little difference in value and function with existing evidences. As time goes on, digital evidence will be the important part of the collection and the admissibility of evidence. Usually a digital forensic investigator has to spend a lot of time in order to find clues related to the investigation among the huge amount of data extracted from one or more potential containers of evidence such as computer systems, storage media and devices. Therefore, these evidences need to be ranked and prioritized based on the importance of potential relevant evidence to decrease the investigate time. In this paper we propose a methodology which prioritizes order in which evidences are to be examined in order to help in selecting the right evidence for investigation. The proposed scheme is based on Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making, in which uncertain parameters such as evidence investigation duration, value of evidence and relation between evidence, and relation between the case and time are used in the decision process using the aggregation function in fuzzy set theory.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.565-568
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• 2008

Purpose: Bacterial degeneration of sweat and increased secretion of over developed apocrine sweat gland are known causes of osmidrosis. In addition, genetic inheritance must be another important cause, because there are high incidence rates of osmidrosis in familial members. But the research about genetic inheritance has been overlooked. For this reason we studied genetic inheritance in osmidrosis patients based on pedigree analysis. Methods: We have evaluated pedigree of 52 patients who have diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2003 to August 2007. For making pedigrees, we have evaluated 3 generations of affected lineage from osmidrosis patients. Family members having uncertain information or those who are before puberty are excluded. In pedigree analysis, inheritance rate and inheritance pattern from parents, prevalence rate in generations and sexual prevalence are evaluated. Results: In this study, we divided pedigrees into 3 different groups according to inheritance pattern. Group A is genetically unrelated pattern with no prevalence between familial members in 7 families. Group B is weakly expressed pattern with 17 families there are genetically related but no genetic patterns are founded. In group B inheritance rate is 34% and incidence rate is 21% in 2nd generation and 22% in 3rd generation. Group C is autosomal dominant pattern with 31 families. In group C, there are no differences in sexual prevalence. Incidence rate is 43% in 2nd generation and 49% in 3rd generation. Conclusion: In this study, we have studied pedigrees of 52 families of osmidrosis patients. 60% of the pedigrees shows autosomal dominant pattern, 33% shows genetically related but no definite autosomal dominant pattern and 7% shows genetically unrelated pattern. In Conclusion, This study can be basic data for future gene analysis study of osmidrosis.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

Medical verification of cancer diagnosis in insurance claims is a very important procedure in insurance administrations. Claims staffs are in need of medical experts' opinions about claim administration. This procedure is called medical claim review (MCR) and is composed of verification and advice. MCR verification evaluates the insured’s physical condition by medical records and compares it with product coverage. It is divided into assessment of living assurance benefit, verification of cancer, and assessment of the cause of death. Actually cancer verification of MCR is applicable to coding because the risk ratio in product development is usually coded data. There are some confusing neoplastic diseases in assessing the verification of cancer. This article reviews gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tumors (MALToma) of the stomach. The second most common group of stromal or mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract is GIST. Nowadays there are many articles about the pathophysiology of GIST. However there are few confirmative theories except molecular cell biology of KIT mutation and some tyrosine kinase. Therefore, coding the GIST, which has previously been classified as an intermediate risk group according to NIH2001 criteria, for cancer verification of MCR is suitable for D37.1; neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of digestive organs and the stomach. The gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. B-cell lymphomas of the MALT type, now called extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type in the REAL/WHO classification, are the most common primary gastric lymphomas worldwide. Its characteristics are as follows. First, it is different from traditional stomach cancers such as gastric adenocarcinoma. Second, the primary therapy of MALToma is the eradication of H. pylori by antibiotics and the remission rate is over 80%. Third, it has a different clinical course compared to traditional malignant lymphoma. Someone insisted that cancer verification is not possible for the above reasons. However, there have been findings on pathologic mechanism, and according to WHO classification, MALToma is classified into malignant B-cell lymphoma and it must be verified as malignancy in MCR.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.793-816
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• 2005

This paper proposes a new answering mechanism called RAM (Risk Answering Mechanism) which can be applied to a contingent valuation method. The RAM is derived from the theory of expected utility maximization under the assumption that there exists an uncertainty in a nonmarket good of interest. In RAM, a respondent would accept an uncertain offer only if his or her WTP for the mean of the offer is large enough to exceed the bidding price by more than a risk premium. This is in a striking contrast with a traditional answering mechanism (TAM) in which the WTP is simply compared with the bidding price. Therefore, the TAM would underestimate the WTP by a risk premium without considering the uncertainty a respondent may face. An empirical comparison is made between RAM and TAM using a survey data on the Tong river. It is found that underestimation problem is very serious in the TAM.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.373-388
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• 2010

The updated finite element model of K$\ddot{o}$m$\ddot{u}$rhan Highway Bridge on the Firat River located on the $51^{st}$ km of Elazi$\breve{g}$-Malatya highway is obtained by using analytical and experimental results. The 2D and 3D finite element model of the bridge is created by using SAP2000 structural analyses software, and the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are determined analytically. The experimental measurements are carried out by Operational Modal Analysis Method under traffic induced vibrations and the dynamic characteristics are obtained experimentally. The vibration data are gathered from the both box girder and the deck of the bridge, separately. Due to the expansion joint in the middle of the bridge, special measurement points are selected when experimental test setups constitute. Measurement duration, frequency span and effective mode number are determined by considering similar studies in literature. The Peak Picking method in the frequency domain is used in the modal identification. At the end of the study, analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and the finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing some uncertain parameters such as material properties and boundary conditions. Maximum differences between the natural frequencies are reduced from 10% to 2%, and a good agreement is found between natural frequencies and mode shapes after model updating.