• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.22-31
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 프로토콜의 시뮬레이션 모델을 통하여 IEEE 802.4 토큰 패싱 버스 프로토콜의 성능을 분석하였다. 정상상태 뿐아니라 초기상태, 과도상태, fault recovery 상태에서 프로토콜의 성능을 분석하기위해 프로토콜의 기능을 다섯개의 프로세스로 나누어 구성하였으며 각 프로세스는 프로토콜에서 정의된 피라미터들에 따라 프로토콜의 동작을 실제적으로 수행한다. 프로토콜의 시뮬레이션을 통한 연구로부터 망의 성능을 좌우하는 프로토콜 피라미터들을 알 수 있었으며 priority가 구현된 경우 토큰에 대한 피라미터 값의 선택이 이 프로토콜의적절한 사용을 위하여 매우 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1093-1109
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• 2008

This paper aims to provide a fundamental basis for the improvement and verification of existing wind chill temperature index through the observation of skin temperature change of human body with air temperature and wind speed. For this, we control air temperature $5^{\circ}C$ interval from $0^{\circ}C$ to $-20^{\circ}C$ and classify wind speed by 0, 2, 6 and 8 m $s^{-1}$ respectively. The results are as follows; At each combination of air temperature and wind speed, the reduction rate of the mean skin temperature are different. When our body is exposed to the atmosphere, the mean skin temperature decreases at an exponential rate. The duration of the steady state is more than one hour, while it decreases with strong wind speed. Among 4 sites on a face, the skin temperature of forehead is the highest, followed by one of chin, left cheek, right cheek in orders. Especially, since the skin temperature of right cheek is the lowest, we think that it is suitable to use the data set of the right cheek skin temperature for the development of a Korea wind chill temperature index as a worst case.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.54-76
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• 1988

본 연구의 제 1 부에서는 통일된 행렬표현 기법을 통하여 여러가지 블럭적응 여파기 구현방법들을 도출할 수 있음을 보였다. 제 2 부에서는 여러 주파수영역 블럭적응 여파기들 중에서도 수렴속도가 매우 빠른 self-orthogonalizing 알고리즘과 계산량이 대폭 감소되는 비제약 알고리즘의 수렴특성들을 overlap-save 및 overlap-add 블럭데이타 분할방법에 대해서 분석한다. 먼저, 수렴인자가 상수일 때와는 달리, 앞에서 언급한 두 주파수영역 여파기들이 공통의 자기상관행렬의 지배를 받기 때문에 수렴특성 분석에 있어서 서로 밀접한 관련이 있음을 보인다. 다음으로 여파기 계수의 수효가 충분히 클 때, 주파수영역 블럭적응 여파기는 계수적응 알고리즘에서 제약의 유무에 관계없이 동일한 최적해를 가짐을 보인다. 그리고 나서 비제약 알고리즘의 계수들은 적절한 조건하에서 원래의 제약알고리즘과 같이 동일한 최적해에 수렴함을 증명한다. 이에 반하여, 최소자승오차 관점에서의 성능분석 결과는 제약을 풀었을 경우에 정상상태에서 약간의 성능저하가 있음을 밝혀낸다. 한편으로 계수의 수효가 작을 때는 원래의 제약 알고리즘은 심한 성능저하를 초래하는 반면에 비제약 알고리즘은 제약의 제거를 통해 상대적으로 계수의 수효가 증가한 효과 대문에 훨씬 좋은 수렴특성을 가짐을 보인다. 또한 self-orthogonalizing 주파수영역 블럭적응 여파기의 자기상관행렬이 주파수 영역에서 대각행렬로 됨을 보여 줌으로써 효율적으로 수렴시간을 단축시키는 구현방법임을 뒷받침한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 1995

각종 환경 조건에서 진동 캐비테이션 침식-부식 시험 장치에 의해 연강(SS41)의 캐비테이션 침식-부식 손상 거동에 관한 연구를 한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 해수 중에서 캐비테이션 침식-부식 손상 거동은 중앙부와 테두리 부에서 거의 비슷한 정도로 발생하여 성장되지만, 증류수 중에서는 테두리부에서 손상이 먼저 발생한 다음 중앙부에도 손상이 점차 일어난다. 2) 비저항이 낮은 수도수 중의 캐비테이션 침식-부식 손상은 초기에는 비저항이 높은 증류수중에서의 것보다 증가하지만 시간이 경과하면서 CaCO 하(3)의 피막 형성에 의해 둔화된다. 3) 케비테이션 침식-부식 손상 특성은 잠복기, 증가기, 감소기 및 안정기의 4단계로 구분된다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2002

열하중과 원심력을 고려한 발전용 터빈 블레이드의 정상 상태 크리프 해석을 수행하였다. 3차원 터빈 블레이드 유한 요소 모델에 대하여 크리프 변형률과 응력을 계산하고 수치적 방법에 의해 크리프 수명을 예측하였다. 약 200시간 정도의 크리프 해석 결과 GTD111 터빈 블레이드는 아직 파손 응력에 도달하지 않았으며, 크리프 응력은 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 이완되고 있다. 터빈 블레이드의 최대 크리프 변형률은 익형의 압력면 끝단에서 발생하며 수치적 방법에 의해 약 50,000 시간 이후에 파손 변형률에 도달할 것이다. 따라서 현재 터빈의 기동 중 블레이드는 크리프에 의한 손상을 입지 않는다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 열전달 해석을 통하여 발전용 터빈 블레이드의 온도 분포를 계산하였고, 열하중과 원심력에 의한 선형응역 해석을 수행하였다. 정상상태 열전달 해석 결과, 블레이드의 앞전과 끝단에서 높은 온도 분포가 나타났으며 열응력은 다른 부분에 비해 압력면 부분에서 높게 나타났다. 온도의 영향을 고려하지 않은 원심응력 해석에는 fir tree 앞전 부분에서 가장 높은 등가 응력이 나타났다. 온도와 원심력을 모두 고려한 해석 결과에서도 최대 등가 응력은 fir tree부분에서 발생하였다. 열하중과 원심력에 대한 선형응력 해석 결과 GTD111 터빈 블레이드는 항복응력에 도달하지 않아 안전하다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.31-67
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• 1990

One of the first issues which arose in the evolution of air law was the determination of the vertical limits of airspace over private property. In 1959 the UN in its Ad Hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, started to give attention to the question of the meaning of the term "outer space". Discussions in the United Nations regarding the delimitation issue were often divided between those in favour of a functional approach ("functionalists"), and those seeking the delineation of a boundary ("spatialists"). The functionalists, backed initially by both major space powers, which viewed any boundary as possibly restricting their access to space(Whether for peaceful or military purposes), won the first rounds, starting with the 1959 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space which did not consider that the topic called for priority consideration. In 1966, however, the spatialists, were able to place the issue on the agenda of the Outer Sapce Committee pursuant to Resolution 2222 (xxx1). However, the spatialists were not able to present a common position since there existed a variety of propositions for delineation of a boundary. Over the years, the funtionalists have seemed to be losing ground. As the element of location is a decisive factor for the choice of the legal regime to be applied, a purely functional approach to the regulation of activities in the space above the Earth does not offer a solution. It is therefore to be welcomed that there is clear evidence of a growing recognition of the defect inherent to such an approach and that a spatial approach to the problem is gaining support both by a growing number of States as well as by publicists. The search for a solution of the problem of demarcating the two different legal regimes governing the space above the Earth has undoubtedly been facilitated, and a number of countries, among them Argentina, Belgium, France, Italy and Mexico have already advocated the acceptance of the lower boundary of outer space at a height of 100km. The adoption of the principle of sovereignty at that height does not mean that States would not be allowed to take protective measures against space activities above that height which constitute a threat to their security. A parallel can be drawn with the defence of the State's security on the high seas. Measures taken by States in their own protection on the high seas outside the territorial waters-provided that they are proportionate to the danger-are not considered to infringe the principle of international law. The most important issue in this context relates to the problem of a right of passage for space craft through foreign air space in order to reach outer space. In the reports to former ILA Conferences an explanation was given of the reasons why no customary rule of freedom of passage for aircraft through foreign territorial air space could as yet be said to exist. It was suggested, however, that though the essential elements for the creation of a rule of customary international law allowing such passage were still lacking, developments apperaed to point to a steady growth of a feeling of necessity for such a rule. A definite treaty solution of the demarcation problem would require further study which should be carried out by the UN Outer Space Committee in close co-operation with other interested international organizations, including ICAO. If a limit between air space and outer space were established, air space would automatically come under the regime of the Chicago Convention alone. The use of the word "recognize" in Art. I of chicago convention is an acknowledgement of sovereignty over airspace existing as a general principle of law, the binding force of which exists independently of the Convention. Further it is important to note that the Aricle recognizes this sovereignty, as existing for every state, holding it immaterial whether the state is or is not a contracting state. The functional criteria having been created by reference to either the nature of activity or the nature of the space object, the next hurdle would be to provide methods of verification. With regard to the question of international verification the establishment of an International Satelite Monitoring Agency is required. The path towards the successful delimitation of outer space from territorial space is doubtless narrow and stony but the establishment of a precise legal framework, consonant with the basic principles of international law, for the future activities of states in outer space will, it is still believed, remove a source of potentially dangerous conflicts between states, and furthermore afford some safeguard of the rights and interests of non-space powers which otherwise are likely to be eroded by incipient customs based on at present almost complete freedom of action of the space powers.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.65-65
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• 2015

In this talk, I will introduce two topics. The first topic is the polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) using graphene oxide quantum dots as emissive center. More specifically, the energy transfer mechanism as well as the origin of white electroluminescence in the PLED were investigated. The second topic is the facile synthesis of eco-friendly III-V colloidal quantum dots and their application to light emitting diodes. Polymer (organic) light emitting diodes (PLEDs) using quantum dots (QDs) as emissive materials have received much attention as promising components for next-generation displays. Despite their outstanding properties, toxic and hazardous nature of QDs is a serious impediment to their use in future eco-friendly opto-electronic device applications. Owing to the desires to develop new types of nanomaterial without health and environmental effects but with strong opto-electrical properties similar to QDs, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted great interest as promising luminophores. However, the origin of electroluminescence (EL) from GQDs incorporated PLEDs is unclear. Herein, we synthesized graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) using a modified hydrothermal deoxidization method and characterized the PLED performance using GOQDs blended poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) as emissive layer. Simple device structure was used to reveal the origin of EL by excluding the contribution of and contamination from other layers. The energy transfer and interaction between the PVK host and GOQDs guest were investigated using steady-state PL, time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experiments revealed that white EL emission from the PLED originated from the hybridized GOQD-PVK complex emission with the contributions from the individual GOQDs and PVK emissions. (Sci Rep., 5, 11032, 2015). New III-V colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized using the hot-injection method and the QD-light emitting diodes (QLEDs) using these CQDs as emissive layer were demonstrated for the first time. The band gaps of the III-V CQDs were varied by varying the metal fraction and by particle size control. The X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results show that the crystal states of the III-V CQDs consist of multi-phase states; multi-peak photoluminescence (PL) resulted from these multi-phase states. Inverted structured QLED shows green EL emission and a maximum luminance of ~45 cd/m2. This result shows that III-V CQDs can be a good substitute for conventional cadmium-containing CQDs in various opto-electronic applications, e.g., eco-friendly displays. (Un-published results).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2004

Objective: As a manual accupucture method, the twirling-needle treatment has been known more effective in relieving pain than the conventional simple accupuncture treatment. Finding a proper treatment condition is difficult because of the lack of a quantative measurement of the alleviation of pain made by acupuncture. In this research, the authors propose the use of infrared thermal images in a formalin test to quantatively verify the effect of twirling. Methods: After injecting 10%~20% formalin into the tail of rats, the infrared thermal images(ITI) have been obtained to estimate the thermal distribution caused by inflammation. The authors propose a processing method to measure the thermal distribution from the thermal images obtained from the infrared camera as a pain model of the formalin test. Results: The pain model obtained from the infrared thermal image has two phases. The first phase, which is a transient period, is the initial 20 minutes when the pain is developed after the formalin injection. The second phase, which is a steady state, is where the development of pain lasts for 60 minutes or more after the first stage. This characteristic of the proposed model based on ITI is consistent with that of the pain model reported by other researchers whose works are based on the time-course of flinching and licking/biting, following a different concentration of formalin. It is noticed that the response of the thermal distribution obtained from ITI shows very high correlation to the behavioral response in the formalin test performed by Kazuhiro Okuda and four others5). In addition, the authors propose an ITI method to determine the pain-reducing effect of the acupuncture. The thermal distribution obtained from the experiment shows that there is significant pain reducing effect made by the twirling-needle method.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 1986

본 연구는 임피던스 파라미터(전기이중층 내의 미분용량 $C_d$, 용핵저향 $R_Q$, 전하이동저항 $R_t$,및 흡착유사용량 $C{\phi}$)를 결정하기 위해 정확한 측정식을 얻는데 주력하낟. 정현파가 정상상태에 있을 때 복소수함수 ${\omega}$중의 허수부분만을 으용하여 구한 전체임피던스식은 낮은 주파수에서 $|Z_{LF}|=1/{\omega}_{1C\phi}{\sqrt{1+{{\omega}_1}^2/{\omega}^2}$에, 높은 주파수에서는 $|Z_{HF}|={\omega}_2/({\omega}_1{\omega}_3C{\phi})({\omega}^2+{{\omega}_2}^2){\sqrt{{({\omega}^2+{\omega}_2{\omega}_3)}^2+{({\omega}_2{\omega}-{\omega_3{\omega})^2}}$에 따름을 나타낸다. 이들 임피던스 파라미터의 계산에 필요한 전체임피던수, 위상각 및 쎌전류값을 .5M $NA_2SO_4$ 또는 1M NaCl, 19.373% 해수, 1M HCl, 1M $KNO_3$ 지지전해질과 이들의 지지전해질내에 각각 $10^{-2}M Kl$ 또는 6mM DBNA를 첨가하여 20~60Hz 범위에서 실험적으로 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 유도한 식은 임피던스 파라미터 $C_d,\;C_{\phi},\;R_t$ 및 $R_Q$의 값들이 각각 $15{\sim}4{\mu}F/cm^2,\;162{\sim}758{\mu}F/cm^2,\;11.5{\sim}57.6ohm{\cdot}cm^2$ 및 $0.5{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}4.1{\sim}10^{-2}\;ohm{\cdot}cm^2$임을 보여준다.