• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1996

Oxyfluorfen 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 감수성(感受性)인 피에 대하여 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 잎 표면구조(表面構造) 및 해부(解剖) 특성(特性)과 미세구조(微細構造) 반응(反應)을 관찰하였으며, 유이제초제(類似除草劑)에 대한 해부학적(解剖學的) 변화를 비교 관찰하였다. 1. 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들은 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 잎 면적(表面)의 구조적(構造的)인 피해를 볼 수 없었으나, 감수성(感受性)인 벼품종(品種)은 납질(蠟質)의 손상이 크고, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 조직이 불규칙하게 붕괴되는 현상까지도 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피에서는 엽신(葉身)의 두께 감소도 컸다. 2. 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들은 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 해부학적(解剖學的)인 변화가 적었으나, 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피에서는 표피세포(表皮細包), 엽육세포(葉肉細包) 및 유관속초세포의 파괴가 컸으며 특히, 처리 후 24시간의 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서는 조직이 완전히 붕괴되었다. 3. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 의해 chloroplast 모양의 불규칙성과 chloroplast envelope의 distortion이 전반적으로 관찰되었고, 전분(澱粉)도 감소되는 경향이었으며 이와 같은 구조적(構造的) 손상은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다는 감수성(感受性)인 벼품종(品種)과 피에서 더 심했다. 4. Oxyfluorfen과 유사한 제초제(除草劑) 처리에 의하여서도 엽신(葉身)의 두께 감소는 oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon 순으로 크게 나타났으며, 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서 더 커지는 경향이었다. 특히 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)은 oxyfluorfen과 bifenox 처리 후 24시간에 이미 표피세포(表皮細包) 및 유관속초세포 손실 등으로 조직이 상하게 붕괴되는 현상을 보였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

우리나라 환자의 안구 결막낭에 기생하는 동양안충은 T. callipaeda로 보고 되어 있다. 그러나 종 동정을 위한 분류학적 특징과 미세구조적 특징의 기술이 미비하여, 저자 등은 우리나라 환자의 결막낭에서 적출한 11마리의 동양안충을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하고, T. callipaeda 의 충체 표피의 미세구조적 특징으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. T. callipaeda는 충체 표피가 각질줄무늬로 구성되어 있으며, 각질줄무늬는 충체의 구기부와 미부에는 약 $1.8{\mu}m$ 크기이며, 충체의 중앙 부위에는 $4.0{\sim}4.5{\mu}m$이다. 따라서 충체 표피 1mm에 각질줄무늬는 평균 400개로 구성되어 있었다. 자충의 충체 미단부에는 1쌍의 쌍선이 잘 발달되어 있으며, 웅충의 충체 미단부에는 쌍선이 감각유두와 유사한 형태로 관찰되었다. 충체의 구기부와 미단부에는 감각유두가 잘 발달되어 있으며, 구기부에는 구순부위에 쌍기와 감각유두가 다수 발달되어 있다. 웅충의 충체 미단부의 감각유두는 규칙적으로 분포하고 외부생식기를 중심으로 구기부 쪽으로 $7{\sim}8$쌍과 충체의 미단부로 5쌍이 발달하여 이들 감각유두의 분포가 T. callipaeda의 미세구조적 특징으로 확인되었다. 5쌍의 충체 미단부 감각유두는 분포 위치에 따라 anterior ventral postcloacal papillae, middle ventral postcloacal papillae, subventral postcloacal papillae 그리고 lateral papillae (phasmid)로 구성되어 있다. 따라서 동양안충은 주사전자현미경으로 각질줄무늬, 쌍기, 쌍선, 감각유두의 미세구조적 특징으로 종 동정이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.333-346
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• 1997

The ischemia and reperfusion injury of the skeletal muscles is caused by generation of reactive oxygen during ischemia and reperfusion. It is well known that over 4 hours of ischemia injures the skeletal muscles irreversibly. The author has demonstrated the effects of SOD (superoxide dismutase), DMTU (dimethyl thiourea) and ischemic preconditioning on ultrastructural changes of the muscle fibers in the rectus femoris muscles after 4 hours of ischemia and 1 day and 3 days of reperfusion. A total of 72 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 200 gm to 250 gm were used as experimental animals. Under urethane(1.15 g/kg, IP, 2 times) anesthesia, lower abdominal incision was done and the left common iliac artery was occluded by using vascular clamp for 4 hours. The left rectus femoris muscles were obtained at 1 and 3 days after the removal of vascular clamp. The SOD (15,000 unit/kg) or DMTU (500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour before induction of ischemia. The ischemic preconditioned group underwent three episodes of 5 minutes occlusion and 5 minutes reperfusion followed by 4 hours of ischemia and 1 day and 3 days of reperfusion. The specimens were sliced into $1mm^3$ and prepared by routine methods for electron microscopic observation. All specimens were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and then observed with Hitachi-600 transmission electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. SOD or DMTU alone did not affect the ultrastructure of muscle fibers in the rectus femoris muscles. The electron density of mitochondrial matrix was decreased by ischemic preconditioning. 2. Dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum, triad, mitochondria and the loss of myofilament in the sarcomere were observed in the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles. Markedly changed sarcoplasmic reticulum, triad, disordered or loss of myofilament, indistinct A-band and I-band, and irregular electron lucent M -line and Z-line are seen in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused rectus femoris muscles. 3. SOD reduced the changes of organelles in the muscle fibers of the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles of the rats, but SOD did not affect the changes of muscle fibers in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused muscles. On the other hand, DMTU markedly attenuated considerably the ultrastructural change of the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day or 3 days reperfused rectus femoris muscles. 4. By the ischemic preconditioning, the change was attenuated remarkably in the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles. As the ischemic reperfused changes of muscle fibers were regenerated or recovered by ischemic preconditioning, the ultrastructures of them were similar to those of normal control in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused rectus formoris muscles. Consequently, it is suggested that DMTU is stronger inhibitor to ischemic reperfused change than SOD. The ischemia and reperfusion-induced muscular damage is remarkably inhibited by ischemic preconditioning.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.357-372
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• 1997

To study the age-related morphological differences of the retinal pigment cells and Bruch's membrane of mouse, retinae of one week-old, five weeks-old, eight weeks-old, six months-old, twelve months-old, eighteen months-old, twenty-four months-old and thirty months-old ICR mice were dissected out under anesthesia. Pieces of the tissue taken from the posterior region of the retina were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and 1% osmium tetroxide (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and were observed under a JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. Observed results were as follows: 1. Retinae of one week old mouse exhibit that some parts of the pigment cell provided with basal foldings, whereas other parts of the one contain without basal foldings. After (ive weeks-old, all retinal pigment cells have the basal infoldings. 2. In the one week-old, stage 1 and stage 2 melanosomes were observed in the retinal pigments cells, but after five weeks-old, most of the retinal pigment cells contain some matured stage melanosomes (stage III and stage IV). 3. The phagosomes in the retinal pigment cells were increased during aging. 4. After eighteen months-old, electron dense materials are observed within the basal infoldings. 5. After eighteen months-old, the thickness of the Bruch's membrane is prominently increased. The thickness of the basal laminae of the pigment cell and the choriocapillary endothelium is more prominently increased as compared with that of the other components of the Bruch's membrane. 6. The thickness of the basal lamina of the pigment cell is more prominently increased as compared with that of the choriocapillary endothelium on aging. From the above results, it was suggested that the pigment cell and Bruch's membrane matures structurally In five weeks, and the function of the pigment cell is prominently suppressed around eighteen months-old, and thereafter the functional suppression is continued on aging.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 1997

The experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the thymus of the mice, to antitumour agents (5-Fluorouracil or mitomycin C). Healthy adult mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups. 5-Fluorouracil (60 mg/kg) or Mitomycin-C $(400{\mu}g/kg)$ were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day. Animals were sacrificed at 4 days and 7 days following the first injection. Pieces of the tissue taken from the thymus were prefixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde-l.5% glutaraldehyde, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide. Ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with a JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The observed results were as follow: 1. Apoptoses of T-lymphocytes were observed more frequently in the thymus of the experimental groups than in those of a normal group. 2. In the experimental group, the plasma cells with distended cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the eosinophile leukocytes were observed frequently. 3. In the experimental group, newly forming Hassall's corpurscles were observed frequently. 4. In the mitomycin-treated group, the epithelial reticular cells containing distended perinuclear cisternae, distended the granular endoplasmic reticula and pyknotic nuclei were observed in the cortico-medullary junctional area. 5. In the mitomycin-treated group, nuclear bodies with medium electron dense materials were often observed in the T lymphocyte. 6. In the 5-fluorouracil-treated groups, fused and dissolved tonofilament bundles and apoptotic bodies were observed in the some epithelial reticular cells in the medullary area. 7. In the 5-fluorouracil-treated groups, some elongated and bar-shaped lysosomes with electron lucent gap were often observed in the macrophages. 8. In the 5-fluorouracil-treated group, membrane complex of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were ofen observed in the macrophage. From the above results, it was suggested that 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin could induce rapid involution of the thymus, and disturb maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, and, in turn, supress immunity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.433-452
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• 1997

Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has been as an animal model for studing the neurological diseases such as stroke and epilepsy because of the congenital incompleteries in Willis circle, as well as the investigation of water metabolism because of the long time-survival in the condition of water-deprived desert condition, compared with other species animals. In order to accomplish the this research, first of all another divided the laboratory animals 5 groups of which each group include the 5 animals. In this study were investigated the histological structure in the kidney, measured the plasma osmolalities at the time of sacrifice of indivisual animals, and the body weights every day during water-deprived. The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings: 1. The body weights and decreasing rates of the body weight in water-deprived mongolian gerbil groups were continuosly decreased. 2. The plasma osmolalities were increased from the 5th water-deprived day, after then the gradually increasing reached nearly its equilibrium state at the 10th water-deprived day. 3. The urine volumes were abruptly decreased from the 2th water-deprived day, after then the gradually decreasing patterns were reached nearly its equilibrium state at the 10th day, and stopped the 11th day. 4. In the light microscopical observation of the kidney, glomerular capillary loop thickening, mesangial matrix increasing, sclerosis, glomerular cystic atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, tubular dilatation, mononuclear interstitial inflammation, interstitial mineralization, and hyperplasia of the collecting duct epithelium in the cortex area, were observed from the 10th water deprived day, and the lesions were gradually severe changed as the time lapse. 5. In the electron microscopical findings of the kidney, the degenerative changes of endothelial cell, podocyte and mesangial cell in glomeruli were initially observed on the 10th water-deprived day as well as the degeneration of microvilli and intracellular organelle in the renal tubules.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.511-522
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• 1999

본 연구는 여러 가지 원인으로 인공 유산된 사람 태아 17예를 태령 14주에서 27주로 분류한 뒤, 고환간질내에서 간질세포의 미세구조를 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 사람 태아 고환의 간질세포를 형태적으로 방추형간질세포, 밝은 간질세포, 어두운 간질세포 그리고 변성 간질세포로 분류할 수 있었다. 2. 미성숙한 방추형간질세포는 14주에 많이 관찰되었으며 점차 분화되어 밝은 간질세포와 어두운 간질세포로 변하였다. 3. 밝은 간질세포와 어두운 간질세포는 17주와 24주에 가장 많이 분포하였으며 변성 간질세포는 27주에 많이 관찰되었다. 4. 무과립세포질세망은 밝은 간질세포내에서 현저히 관찰되었으며 점차 내강이 팽대되어 세포질 전반을 차지하고 있었다. 5. 사립체는 밝은 간질세포에 많이 분포하였고 사립체능은 농축되어 진하게 나타났으며, 어두운 간질세포에서 전자밀도가 높은 사립체 함유물을 포함하고 있었다. 6. 지방소적은 태령 14주부터 관찰되어 16주에 가장많은 분포를 보였고 20주 이후 감소하는 양상이 관찰되었다. 7. 간질세포내에 풍부한 양의 당원과립이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 보면 사람 태생기 중 고환의 간질세포는 다른 동물에서와 같이 유사한 분화과정을 거친다고 할 수 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 생쥐에서 키토산의 방사선저항성 효과를 알아보자고 하였다. 건강한 ICR 생쥐를 본 실험에 사용하였다. SOD와 MDA는 방사선조사 후 48, 72시간째에 측정하였다. 간 미세구조는 방사선조사 후 24, 48, 72시간째에 측정하였다. 실험군은 세 가지로 나누었다. 실험군 1은 대조군으로 방사선 조사 후 키토산올리고당을 처치하지 않은 군, 실험군 2는 방사선조사 30일 전에 키토산 올리고당 용액을 선처치 한 군, 실험군 3은 방사선조사 후 키토산올리고당을 처치한 군 등으로 각 실험군 당 10마리 생쥐를 사용하였다. 방사선조사 30일 전에 키토산올리고당 용액을 선처치한 군에서 SOD와 MDA 발현 수치가 감소함을 알 수 있었다(P<0.01). 조직학적 결과는 다음과 같다. 방사선 조사군 - 핵은 함입되어 불규칙한 형태이며 미토콘드리아는 팽대되고 내강이 파괴되었다. 조면소포체는 심하게 팽대되었고 리보소옴의 탈락 현상이 관찰되었다. 선처치군- 핵은 비교적 원형을 이루었고 미토콘드리아는 타원형의 형태로 관찰되었다. 조면소포체는 약간 팽대되었으나 리보소옴이 부착된 형태로 관찰되었다. 후처치군- 핵은 약간 함입되어 불규칙한 형태이고, 미토콘드리아는 약간 팽대되었다. 조면소포체는 약간 팽대되었고 일부에서 리보소옴의 탈락 현상이 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 키토산올리고당이 방사선저항성 효과가 있어 방사선방어물질로 잠재력이 있다고 사료된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2006

발달중인 Sedum 및 Salsola의 엽육조직을 chemical fixation과 high pressure freezing (HPF) 등으로 고정한 후, 초박 및 후박절편으로 제작 carbon coating하여 TEM 및 UHVEM으로 연속절편에 의한 2-D영상과 tilt image data를 수집하였다. 이후 초미세 구조들에 대하여 tilting 및 tomography 기법, 그리고 디지털화한 image의 3-D 입체구조 재구현에 필수적인 IMOD 프로_그램을 적용한 image 처리과정을 거쳐 UHVEM data에서 색소체내 초미세구조의 정보를 추출하여 세포수준에서의 3-D image를 분석하였다. 색소체 기질에서 녹말입자 및 틸라코이드에 인접하여 형성되는 CAM및 $C_4$ 식물 색소체 결정체들은 어떤 막으로도 둘러싸이지 않는 구조로서, Sedum rotundifolium 색소체내 결정체는 수 ${\mu}m$에 이르는 커다란 크기로 형성된다. 결정체 내에는 약 20nm격자거리로 이루어진 기원을 알 수 없는 수백-수천 개의 미세소관성 요소들이 평행 또는 격자상태로 정교한 구조를 이루며, 티라코이드 및 녹말입자와 인접하여 발달하였다. $C_4$ 광합성 수행 Salsola komarovii의 경우, 결정체는 엽육세포 색소체에서만 발달하며 결정체 구성 기본요소들이 비교적 규칙적인 격자거리를 이루며 수십 개 배열하는 구조를 형성하였다. 특히, tilted image및 3-D 입체구조 연구에서 결정체 형성에는 이들과 인접하여 발달하는 틸라코이드막이 관여함을 알아 낼 수 있었다. 이는 엽육세포 색소체에는 결정체들이 식물이 수행하는 광합성 유형에 따라 각기 다른 구성요소로 형성되어 Sedum의 경우와 같이 발달 중인 엽육조직에서 분화하거나 Salsola에서와 같이 세포 유형에 따라 상이하게 발달하는 것으로 추정되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.373-389
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• 1997

Morphological difference of the renal glomerulus at different age groups have been studies in one week-old, five weeks-old, eight weeks-old, six months-old, twelve months-old, eighteen months-old, twenty-four months-old, and thirty months-old ICR mice. Pieces of the tissue taken from the renal corticies were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution (0.1 Millonig's phosphate buffer pH 7.3), and 1% osmium tetroxide solution (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and were embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solution, and were observed under a JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1 In the one week-old mouse, thicknesses of the three layers of the glomeluar basal lamina (lamina densa, lamina rara interna and lamina rara externa) are similar, but in the five weeks-old mouse, thick lamina densa becomes a greater portion of the thickness of whole glomerular basal lamina. 2. No difference was noticed between thickness of the renal glomerular basal lamina of the five weeks-old mouse compare with that of the one week-old one, but basal lamina of the eight weeks-old one is thickened considerably and thicknesses were maintained through twelve months-old one. After eighteen months, the thickness of the glomerular basal lamina is increased remarkably. 3. After eighteen months, electron dense deposits within the basal lamina of the renal glomeruli are observed frequently. 4. Amount of the microfilaments in the mesangial cells and the mesangial matrices are increasing during aging. 5. The thicknesses of the basal laminae of the Bowman's capsule are increasing during aging. 6. After twenty four months, the proximal tubular cell-like parietal cells with well developed microvilli are observed frequently. From the above results, it was suggested that the renal glomerulus matures structurally in five weeks, and the function of the glomerulus is suppressed after eighteen months.