• 제목/요약/키워드: ultrastructure.

검색결과 686건 처리시간 0.023초

Ansanella granifera gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new dinoflagellate from the coastal waters of Korea

  • Jeong, Hae Jin;Jang, Se Hyeon;Moestrup, Ojvind;Kang, Nam Seon;Lee, Sung Yeon;Potvin, Eric;Noh, Jae Hoon
    • ALGAE
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.75-99
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    • 2014
  • A small dinoflagellate, Ansanella granifera gen. et sp. nov., was isolated from estuarine and marine waters, and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the identity of the sequences (3,663-bp product) of the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2), and D1-D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA were determined. This newly isolated, thin-walled dinoflagellate has a type E eyespot and a single elongated apical vesicle, and it is closely related to species belonging to the family Suessiaceae. A. granifera has 10-14 horizontal rows of amphiesmal vesicles, comparable to Biecheleria spp. and Biecheleriopsis adriatica, but greater in number than in other species of the family Suessiaceae. Unlike Biecheleria spp. and B. adriatica, A. granifera has grana-like thylakoids. Further, A. granifera lacks a nuclear fibrous connective, which is present in B. adriatica. B. adriatica and A. granifera also show a morphological difference in the shape of the margin of the cingulum. In A. granifera, the cingular margin formed a zigzag line, and in B. adriatica a straight line, especially on the dorsal side of the cell. The episome is conical with a round apex, whereas the hyposome is trapezoidal. Cells growing photosynthetically are $10.0-15.0{\mu}m$ long and $8.5-12.4{\mu}m$ wide. The cingulum is descending, the two ends displaced about its own width. Cells of A. granifera contain 5-8 peripheral chloroplasts, stalked pyrenoids, and a pusule system, but lack nuclear envelope chambers, a nuclear fibrous connective, lamellar body, rhizocysts, and a peduncle. The main accessory pigment is peridinin. The SSU, ITS regions, and D1-D3 LSU rDNA sequences differ by 1.2-7.4%, >8.8%, and >2.5%, respectively, from those of the other known genera in the order Suessiales. Moreover, the SSU rDNA sequence differed by 1-2% from that of the three most closely related species, Polarella glacialis, Pelagodinium bei, and Protodinium simplex. In addition, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence differed by 16-19% from that of the three most closely related species, Gymnodinium corii, Pr. simplex, and Pel. bei, and the LSU rDNA sequence differed by 3-4% from that of the three most closely related species, Protodinium sp. CCMP419, B. adriatica, and Gymnodinium sp. CCMP425. A. granifera had a 51-base pair fragment in domain D2 of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA, which is absent in the genus Biecheleria. In the phylogenetic tree based on the SSU and LSU sequences, A. granifera is located in the large clade of the family Suessiaceae, but it forms an independent clade.

유기 및 관행재배 고추의 품질특성 비교 (Comparison of the Quality of Hot Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) Grown under Organic and Conventional Conditions)

  • 이유석;문제학;오봉윤;남승희;이선경;이진우;정경주;강정화
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.645-656
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 우리 식생활과 가장 밀접한 관계가 있는 고추(청고추, 홍고추)를 유기 및 관행으로 재배하여 품질특성과 기능성성분 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 유기 및 관행재배 고추의 품질특성은 pH, 가용성고형물 함량, 경도 및 색도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 유기 및 관행재배 고추의 가용성고형물이 유기재배에서 2.6~10% 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 경도는 관행재배에서 높게 나타났다. 기능성 성분은 클로로필 함량, ASTA 값, 총페놀성화합물 함량 및 SEM을 통한 세포조직을 검토하여 비교분석 하였다. 청고추의 경우 유기재배에서 관행재배에 비해 녹색도(-a value)값이 더 높게 나타났으며 chlorophyll 함량 또한 a, b, total 값이 전반적으로 높게 나타났다. 홍고추의 경우 유기재배에서 붉은색의 정도를 나타내는 ASTA 값이 28% 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 항산화효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 총페놀성화합물 함량은 청고추와 홍고추에서 모두 유기재배가 관행재배 보다 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 고추 유기재배의 경우 고추 색깔에 관계없이 품질특성 측면에서 색택이 더 우수하고 기능성 측면에서 또한 더 우수한 것으로 사료된다.

장미꽃의 향기정도에 따른 주요성분 및 꽃잎 세포의 미세구조 (Volatile Compounds and Ultrastructure of Petal Epidermal Cells According to Scent Intensity in Rosa hybrida)

  • 이영순;이윤혜;임성희;박건환;최숙영;홍혜정;고정애
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.590-597
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    • 2013
  • 장미 꽃의 향기정도에 따른 주요성분과 향기발산 위치를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 향기정도는 약한 품종('필립'과 '비너스베리'), 중간 선발계통('GR07-135') 및 강한 품종('허니블루') 3수준으로 구분되었다. 품종과 선발계통 별 주요 향기성분은 '필립'은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene(DMT)와 benzene,1,3,5-trimethoxy 성분이었으며, '비너스베리'는 megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene 성분이었고, 'GR07-135'는 DMT, benzene,1-ethenyl-4-methoxy 및 phenylethylalcohol 성분이었으며, '허니블루'는 germacrene-D와 DMT 성분이었다. 향축면 표피세포는 원추형의 유두상 돌기 모양이 있었고 배축면 표피세포는 편평한 모양이었다. 3품종과 1선발계통 모두 두꺼운 세포벽이 있었고, '허니블루'를 제외한 2품종과 1선발계통은 왁스로 덮인 큐티클층이 있었다. 향축면 표피세포에 '필립'은 전분립이, '비너스베리'는 오스미움 소체가, 'GR07-135'은 전분립, 색소체 및 액포가, '허니블루'는 색소체낭, 색소체 및 액포가 있었다. 결과적으로 방향성 장미 꽃 향기의 주요성분은 품종에 따라 달랐으며, 생성과 발산은 유두돌기가 있는 향축면 표피 세포내의 색소체와 액포가 관련되어 있었다.

넙치 근육 및 근소포체 미세구조의 변화에 미치는 전기자극의 영향 (Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Ultrastructure of Plaice, Paralichthys olivaceus Muscle and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum)

  • 김태진;김영진;윤호동;조영제;최영준;이근우;김건배;김동수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.553-559
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    • 1998
  • 근육의 미세구조는 즉살의 경우, 근섬유의 A대, I대 및 M-line이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었으나, 전기 자극한 것은 근섬유의 가는 섬유가 굵은 섬유 사이로 미끌어져 들어가 I대가 불분명하였으며. 자극 시간이 길어질수록 Z-line의 연속성은 현저하게 소실되었다. 근소포체의 미세구조는 즉 살의 경우, Z-line을 사이에 두고 원래의 상태를 유지하고 있었으나. 전기 자극한 것은 자극 시간이 길어질수록 근소포체가 뭉쳐지거나 파괴된 형태를 보이고 있었으며, 저장 10시간째 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 근소포체의 $Ca^{2+}$-translocation을 살펴본 결과. 즉살 직후에는 근소포체 내부에 $Ca^{2+}$이 관찰되었으나. 전기자극을 가한 것은 근섬유에 분포되는 경향을 보였으며 이러한 현상은 전기자극 시간이 길어질수록 현저한 경향을 나타내었다 저장 10시간 후에는 즉살에서도 근섬유에 $Ca^{2+}$이 관찰되었다.

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Ultrastructure of the Testis and Germ Cell Development During Spermatogenesis in Male Crassostrea gigas (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) in Western Korea

  • Kim, Jin-Hee;Chung, Ee-Yung;Choi, Ki-Ho;Lee, Ki-Young;Choi, Moon-Sul
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.235-244
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    • 2010
  • Ultrastructural characteristics of the testis and spermatogenesis of Crassostrea gigas were investigated by Transmission and Scanning Electron microscope observations. The testis is a diffuse organ consisting of branching acini containing differentiating germ cells in a variety of stages. The acinus is surrounded by an intermitent layer of myoepithelial cells andis divided into subcompartments that are partially separated by pleomorphic accessory cells which remain in close contact with germ cells until late stages of development. these accessory cells contain a large quantity of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Therefore, it is assumed that they are involved in the supplying of the nutrients for germ cell development, while any phenomena associated with phagocytosis of undischarged, residual sperms by lysosomes could be find in the cytoplasm of the accessory cells. The morphology of the spermatozoon has a primitive type and is similar to those of other bivalves. Mature spermatozoa consist of broad, cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle, subacrosomal material (containing axial rod embedded in a granular matrix), a oval nucleus showing deeply invaginated anteriorly, two triplet substructure centrioles surrounded by four spherical mitochondria, and satelite fibres appear to the distal centriole and plasma membrane. Spermatozoa of C. gigas resemble to those of other investigated ostreids. In particular, the anterior region of the acrosomal vesicle is transversely banded. It is assumed that differences in this acrosomal substructure are associated with the inability of fertilization between the genus Crassostrea and other genus species in Ostreidae. Therefore, we can use sperm morphology in the resolution of taxonomic relationships within the Ostreidea. The spermatozoon is approximately $42-47{\mu}m$ in length including an oval sperm nucleus (about $0.91{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $0.42{\mu}m$ in length) and tail flagellum ($40-45{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9 + 2 structure. These morphological charateristics of acrosomal vesicle belong to the family Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia.

Panax ginseng (Korea Red Ginseng) repairs diabetic sensorineural damage through promotion of the nerve growth factor pathway in diabetic zebrafish

  • Nam, Youn Hee;Moon, Hyo Won;Lee, Yeong Ro;Kim, Eun Young;Rodriguez, Isabel;Jeong, Seo Yule;Castaneda, Rodrigo;Park, Ji-Ho;Choung, Se-Young;Hong, Bin Na;Kang, Tong Ho
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.272-281
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    • 2019
  • Background: Diabetic sensorineural damage is a complication of the sensory neural system, resulting from long-term hyperglycemia. Red ginseng (RG) has shown efficacy for treatment of various diseases, including diabetes mellitus; however, there is little research about its benefit for treating sensorineural damage. Therefore, we aim to evaluate RG efficacy in alloxan-induced diabetic neuromast (AIDN) zebrafish. Methods: In this study, we developed and validated an AIDN zebrafish model. To assess RG effectiveness, we observed morphological changes in live neuromast zebrafish. Also, zebrafish has been observed to have an ultrastructure of hair-cell cilia under scanning electron microscopy. Thus, we recorded these physiological traits to assess hair cell function. Finally, we confirmed that RG promoted neuromast recovery via nerve growth factor signaling pathway markers. Results: First, we established an AIDN zebrafish model. Using this model, we showed via live neuromast imaging that RG fostered recovery of sensorineural damage. Damaged hair cell cilia were recovered in AIDN zebrafish. Furthermore, RG rescued damaged hair cell function through cell membrane ion balance. Conclusion: Our data suggest that RG potentially facilitates recovery in AIDN zebrafish, and its mechanism seems to be promotion of the nerve growth factor pathway through increased expression of topomyosin receptor kinase A, transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily type 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.

Glutamate attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced intestinal barrier injury by regulating corticotropin-releasing factor pathway in weaned pigs

  • Guo, Junjie;Liang, Tianzeng;Chen, Huifu;Li, Xiangen;Ren, Xiaorui;Wang, Xiuying;Xiao, Kan;Zhao, Jiangchao;Zhu, Huiling;Liu, Yulan
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권8호
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    • pp.1235-1249
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    • 2022
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protection of glutamate (GLU) against the impairment in intestinal barrier function induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress in weaned pigs. Methods: Twenty-four weaned pigs were divided into four treatments containing: i) non-challenged control, ii) LPS-challenged control, iii) LPS+1.0% GLU, and iv) LPS+2.0% GLU. On day 28, pigs were treated with LPS or saline. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 4 h post-injection. After blood samples collection at 4 h, all pigs were slaughtered, and spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and intestinal samples were obtained. Results: Dietary GLU supplementation inhibited the LPS-induced oxidative stress in pigs, as demonstrated by reduced malondialdehyde level and increased glutathione level in jejunum. Diets supplemented with GLU enhanced villus height, villus height/crypt depth and claudin-1 expression, attenuated intestinal histology and ultrastructure impairment induced by LPS. Moreover, GLU supplementation reversed intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte number decrease and mast cell number increase induced by LPS stress. GLU reduced serum cortisol concentration at 4 h after LPS stress and downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal corticotropin-releasing factor signal (corticotrophin-releasing factor [CRF], CRF receptor 1 [CRFR1], glucocorticoid receptor, tryptase, nerve growth factor, tyrosine kinase receptor A), and prevented mast cell activation. GLU upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal transforming growth factor β. Conclusion: These findings indicate that GLU attenuates LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury, which is associated with modulating CRF signaling pathway.

북방산개구리 피부 색소세포의 미세구조 (The Ultrastructure of the Cutaneous Cells in Rana temporaria dybowskii Guenther)

  • 김한화;지영득;문영화
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.137-150
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    • 1985
  • 북방산개구리 피부의 색소포(황색색소포, 홍색색소포 및 멜라닌색소포)를 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 황색색소포 : 황색색소포는 많은 pterinosome과 소수의 carotenoid vesicle의 색소소기관으로 구성되었다. 그중 pterinosome은 소낭속의 내용물질에 따라 소낭속에 내용물질이 없고 뚜렷한 한계막만이 있는 형태인 제1형 pterinosome, 소낭속에 섬유물질이 산재해 있는 형태인 제2형 pterinosome, 소낭속에 소수의 lamellae 층을 형성하는 형태인 제3형 pterinosome 및 소낭속에 전자밀도가 높은 여러개의 동심원적 lamellae층을 형성하고 있는 형태인 제4형 pterinosome이 관찰되었다. 이 pterinosome들 중 특히 제2형과 제3형 pterinosome은 전형적인 형으로 잘 발달되었다. 홍색색소포 : 홍색색소포는 기저막 아래에 있는 황색색소포와 진피내 멜라닌 색소포 사이에 위치하였다. 홍색색소포는 장방형 또는 볼록렌즈모양의 반사소판으로 채워져 있었다. 이 반사소판들은 일접하게 접촉하였고, 그들 사이에는 좁은 interspace로 구획되었다. 반사 소판이 없는 일부의 핵상부 세포질에는 endoplasmic reticulum과 소수의 mitochondria가 산재하였다. 멜라닌색소포 : 멜라닌색소포는 수많은 멜라닌과립으로 채워져 있었다. 이 멜라닌과립이 채워져 있는 멜라닌색소포의 수상돌기는 홍색색소포의 측면에 뻗어 있었고, 일부는 황색색소포와 홍색색소포 사이에서 나타났다. 표피 멜라닌색소포는 같은 전자밀도를 나타내는 멜라닌과립으로 채워져 있고, 소수의 멜라닌과립이 각질표면층에서 관찰되었다.

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바퀴의 後腸 上皮細胞들에 대한 微細構造 (Ultrastructure of the Hindgut Epithelial Cells in the Cockroach, Blattella germanica L.)

  • 유재혁
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.44-59
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    • 1985
  • 가옥내에 서식하는 바퀴 (Blattella germanica Linne)의 後腸을 回腸과 直腸部로 구분하여, 그들을 구성하는 上皮細胞의 微細構造를 관찰하였다. 回腸은 扁平 혹은 立方型의 細胞들이 單層上皮를 만들며 그 內面은 cuticular intima로 덮여 있었다. 細胞들은 細胞器官이 고르게 발달하여 吸收細胞의 形態를 하였으며, 細胞質內에서 동심원적인 環狀構造를 하는 層板狀 結晶體, "spherites"가 많이 관찰됨이 특징이었다. 直腸은 圓柱狀인 圓柱狀吸收細胞의 尖端部原形質膜은 微細絨毛로 변형되었고, 側部原形質膜은 약 200$\\AA$간격으로 심하게 주름이 잡혔으며 그 사이에는 크게 발달한 mitochondria가 밀착하여 mitochondrial-scalarifrom complexes를 형성하였다. 그리고 인접 細胞間에는 많은 細胞間隙을 만들며, 그 사이 사이에는 septate junction과 desmosomes 등으로 연접된 것이 여러 곳에서 관찰되었다. 基底細胞는 납작한 杯모양으로서 細胞質의 電子密度가 높아 검게 보였으며, 그 내에는 Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum 그리고 mitochondria 등 細胞器官들이 발달되었고 膜의 구조 등으로 미루어 보아 역시 吸收機能을 가진 細胞임을 확인하였다. 한편 直腸의 上皮層과 hemolymph 사이에서 壁의 역할을 하는 basal sheath가 基底面을 따라 평행하게 부착되어 있고, 그 basal sheath와 근육층 사이에는 結合組織이 넓은 subepithelial space를 만들어서 그 내에는 많은 氣官小支들과 밀도가 높은 顆粒들을 갖는 軸索이 분포하고 있었다.

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Oxidative stress impairs the meat quality of broiler by damaging mitochondrial function, affecting calcium metabolism and leading to ferroptosis

  • Chen, Zuodong;Xing, Tong;Li, Jiaolong;Zhang, Lin;Jiang, Yun;Gao, Feng
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권10호
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    • pp.1616-1627
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    • 2022
  • Objective: This work was conducted to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on meat quality, mitochondrial function, calcium metabolism and ferroptosis of broilers. Methods: In this study, a total of 144 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were divided into 3 groups (control group, saline group, and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] group) with 6 replicates of 8 broilers each. The study lasted for 42 d. The broilers in the saline and H2O2 groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.75% saline and 10.0% H2O2 on the 16th and 37th day of the experimental period respectively, the injection volumes were 1.0 mL/kg of broiler body weight. On the 42nd day of the experimental period, two chicks were randomly selected from each cage, a total of thirty-six chicks were stunned by electric shock and slaughtered to collect breast muscle samples. Results: The H2O2 exposure reduced pH value, increased drip loss and shear force of breast meat (p<0.05), impaired the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria. The H2O2 exposure damaged the antioxidant system in mitochondria, excessive reactive oxygen species carbonylation modified calcium channels on mitochondria, which impaired the activities of key enzymes on calcium channel, resulted in the increased calcium concentration in cytoplasm and mitochondria (p<0.05). In addition, the H2O2 exposure increased the iron content and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05), which induced ferroptosis. Conclusion: Oxidative stress could impair meat quality by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in calcium metabolism disorder and ferroptosis.