• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.914-920
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• 2012

추출방법에 따른 몇 가지 약초의 항산화 활성 변화를 연구하였다. 총 5가지 약초(우슬, 목통, 두충, 시호, 향부자)에 대해 비가열 초음파추출, 환류추출 및 열처리 초음파추출을 실시하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 환류추출과 열처리 초음파 추출이 비가열 초음파추출보다 높았으며, 두충과 향부자를 제외한 세 시료가 열처리 초음파추출이 환류추출보다 높았다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 향부자를 제외한 네 시료가 열처리 초음파추출과 환류추출이 비가열 초음파추출보다 더 많았으며, 우슬과 목통을 제외한 세 시료에서 환류추출이 열처리 초음파추출보다 더 많았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 환류추출과 열처리 초음파추출이 비가열 초음파추출보다 작았으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 우슬과 목통을 제외한 세 시료는 환류추출에서 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 환원력은 우슬이 가열처리 시 많은 증가를 나타내었으며, 다른 네 시료는 추출방법에 따른 차이가 작았다. 본 실험 결과에 따르면, 약초의 종류에 따라 적합한 추출방법과 전처리를 적용함으로써 높은 항산화 활성을 가진 추출물을 얻는 것이 가능할 것이라 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

슬러지 처분비용은 하수처리장 운영에 있어서 중요한 경제적 요소이다. 더욱이, 2013년부터 유기성 폐기물의 해양투기가 금지되면서 대부분의 슬러지가 육상 처리 되어야 하기 때문에 슬러지의 발생량을 줄이는 것이 시급한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는, 초음파와 전기장 처리에 의한 하수슬러지의 탈수성 향상을 확인하고자 하였다. 슬러지는 pilot-scale의 전처리 장치로 초음파와 전기장 단독처리 그리고 초음파 및 전기장 병합처리 되었으며, 처리 후 lab-scale 필터프레스 장치로 탈수되었다. 실험한 초음파 에너지 밀도 범위는 225~1,200 kJ/L였고 전기장 처리장치는 4.5~24 kJ/L였다. 초음파 단독처리와 초음파 및 전기장 병합처리 된 슬러지의 탈수 cake 함수율은 에너지 밀도 1,200 kJ/L일 때, 처리하지 않은 슬러지보다 각각 10~12% 감소하였으며 이 때 슬러지 함수율은 65~66%였다. 초음파 및 전기장 병합처리가 초음파 단독처리보다 탈수된 슬러지 cake의 함수율을 낮추는데 효과적이었으나, 전기장 단독처리의 경우 에너지 밀도가 낮아 함수율의 변화는 거의 없었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and intra-articular injection (IAI) of steroid-bupivacaine in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: After randomization, patients received either a PENG block or IAI under ultrasound-guidance. Clinical evaluations were recorded at baseline, day 1, and weeks 1, 4, and 8 post-intervention. The numerical rating scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Harris Hip Scale (HHS) scores, pain medication use determined by a quantitative analgesic questionnaire, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Sixty patients were included in this study. NRS scores improved significantly for both groups during the follow-up compared to pretreatment (P < 0.001), with better pain scores for the PENG group (P < 0.001) at day 1 with larger effect size (Cohen's d = 4.62), and IAI group at 4 (Cohen's d = 5.15) and 8 (Cohen's d = 4.33) weeks (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in pain medication consumption (P = 0.499) and patient satisfaction (P = 0.138) between groups. Patients in the IAI group experienced significant improvement in HHS (Cohen's d = 2.16, P = 0.007) and WOMAC (Cohen's d = 1.02, P = 0.036) scores at 8 weeks compared to the PENG group. Conclusions: The ultrasound-guided PENG block provides effective pain relief which improves functionality and quality of life in hip OA patients up to 2 months. The PENG block can be considered an easy, safe, and useful alternative treatment modality for hip OA.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.375-378
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to clarify the possibility of adsorption trichloroethylene (TCE) of pretreated granular activated carbon (GAC). The chemical solution used for the acidic treatment was phosphoric acid. In addition, the effect of ultrasound on GAC assessed in this experiments. It was observed that the adsorption of TCE were different based on pH value of pretreated GAC. However, natural water such as groundwater has various factors like ionic strength and hardness etc. Therefore, more laboratory work is needed to study about pretreated GAC.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2006

The ultrasonics is a new technology in waste activated sludge(WAS) treatment. Ultrasonic treatment is well known method for the break up of microbial cells to extract out a variety of intercellular materials inside microorganism cell. This study was done to investigate the effects of the ultrasonic frequency and power on disruption of biosolids in WAS and to examine the effect on methane production of WAS treated by ultrasonics. Biosolids disruption with ultrasound is more effective at ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz and power of 0.3 watt/mL. In the digestion with WAS pretreated by sonication time for 10 minute at 40 kHz and 0.3 watt/mL, the total quantity of generated methane increased by 75%, as compared with experimental control(non-treatment).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2016

Objective: To determine the preferred regimen for women with adenomyosis undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), we compared the IVF outcomes of fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist pretreatment and of frozenthawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles following GnRH agonist treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included 241 IVF cycles of women with adenomyosis from January 2006 to January 2012. Fresh ET cycles without (147 cycles, group A) or with (105 cycles, group B) GnRH agonist pretreatment, and FET cycles following GnRH agonist treatment (43 cycles, group C) were compared. Adenomyosis was identified by using transvaginal ultrasound at the initial workup and classified into focal and diffuse types. The IVF outcomes were also subanalyzed according to the adenomyotic region. Results: GnRH agonist pretreatment increased the stimulation duration ($11.5{\pm}2.1days$ vs. $9.9{\pm}2.0days$) and total dose of gonadotropin ($3,421{\pm}1,141IU$ vs. $2,588{\pm}1,192IU$), which resulted in a significantly higher number of retrieved oocytes ($10.0{\pm}8.2$ vs. $7.9{\pm}6.8$, p=0.013) in group B than in group A. Controlled ovarian stimulation for freezing resulted in a significantly higher number of retrieved oocytes ($14.3{\pm}9.2$ vs. $10.0{\pm}8.2$, p=0.022) with a lower dose of gonadotropin ($2,974{\pm}1,112IU$ vs. $3,421{\pm}1,141IU$, p=0.037) in group C than in group B. The clinical pregnancy rate in group C (39.5%) tended to be higher than those in groups B (30.5%) and A (25.2%) but without a significant difference. Conclusion: FET following GnRH agonist pretreatment tended to increase the pregnancy rate in patients with adenomyosis. Further largescale prospective studies are required to confirm this result.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2006

도시 하수처리장에서 수집되는 폐활성 슬러지는 유기성 물질을 다량 함유하고 있는 바이오매스이다. 하지만, 대부분의 연구 결과 폐활성 슬러지를 이용한 생물학적 수소생산율은 매우 낮다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐활성 슬러지를 산, 알카리 처리, 기계적 처리, 열처리, 오존 처리, 초음파 처리 등의 전처리에 대한 효과를 살펴보았다. 전처리 실험결과, 폐활성 슬러지 내의 유기물질들은 가용화되었으며 $SCOD_{Cr}$값으로 약 14.6배의 증가를 보였다. 열처리된 혐기성 슬러지를 이용하여 폐활성 슬러지로부터 최적의 생물학적 수소생산을 위한 실험은 전처리 방법에 대한 효과 및 완충용액의 효과, 수소분압, 그리고 염소이온의 농도 등에 대하여 회분식 조건에서 살펴보았다. 실험결과 효과적인 전처리 방법 및 완충용액의 첨가, gas sparging 등의 방법에 의한 낮은 수소분압인 경우에 수소생산율이 0.52 mmol $H_2/g$-DS(Dried Solids)로 크게 증가함을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

섬유성 기질을 물 가수분해하여 생긴 당을 최대한 회수하는 여러 회수방법을 조사하였다. 사용한 전처리 조건은 반응온도가 $170\~180^{\circ}C$, 반응시간이 1시간이었다. 반응 온도가 170에서 $180^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 xylan의 용해율은 증가하지만 $180^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 상당양의 당이 분해됨을 알 수 있었다. 가수분해 결과로부터 남은 고체기질과 당화액에서 얻은 당의 물질수지를 조사하였는데 glucan의 경우는 비교적 잘 맞으나, 헤미셀룰로오스는 처리되지 않은 기질에 포함된 초기양과 비교할 때 상당한 차이가 났다. 그래서 여러가지 회수방법을 고안하여 당의 물질수지를 조사한 결과 회수기간동안 열을 가하거나 초음파를 조사하는 방법과 같은 물리적인 자극을 주면 액상에서 헤미셀룰로오스 회수율이 증가되는 것이 확인되었다. 이런 사실로부터 당 회수시 기질이 크고 전처리 후 침출용매를 많이 사용할 수 없는 상업적인 공정의 경우 상당양의 올리고당이 고체기공내 갇혀 액상으로 회수되지 못할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.810-815
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• 2010

Ultrasonic sludge pre-treatment has been studied to enhance the performance of anaerobic digestion by increasing sludge hydrolysis which is regarded as the rate-limiting-step of anaerobic digestion. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on sludge hydrolysis (solubilization) and methane production was investigated. Sludge solubilization efficiency increased with ultrasonic energy input. However, it is uneconomical to apply more than 720 kJ/L as the solubilization efficiency per energy input declines afterwards. Volatile fatty acids concentration increased after the ultrasonic sludge hydrolysis. Anaerobic batch digestion showed that methane volume reached 64.7 and 84.5 mL after 18 days of incubation with the control sludge and ultrasonically hydrolyzed sludge, respectively. Methane production potential, maximum methane production rate, and the lag time of modified Gompertz equation were changed from 70 mL, 6.4 mL/day, and 1.2 days to 89 mL, 9.6 mL/day, and 0.5 day, respectively, after the ultrasonic sludge treatment. The results proved that ultrasonic pre-treatment contributed significantly not only for the methane production but also for the reduction of anaerobic digestion time which is critical for the performance of anaerobic sludge digestion.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2021

Coronary microembolization (CME) is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Puerarin confers protection against multiple cardiovascular diseases, but its effects and specific mechanisms on CME are not fully known. Hence, our study investigated whether puerarin pretreatment could alleviate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function following CME. The molecular mechanism associated was also explored. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into CME, CME + Puerarin (CME + Pue), sham, and sham + Puerarin (sham + Pue) groups (with 12 rats per group). A CME model was established in CME and CME + Pue groups by injecting 42 ㎛ microspheres into the left ventricle of rats. Rats in the CME + Pue and sham + Pue groups were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin at 120 mg/kg daily for 7 days before operation. Cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis index were determined via cardiac ultrasound, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) stainings, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. We found that, puerarin significantly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after CME, attenuated myocardial infarct size, and reduced myocardial apoptotic index. Besides, puerarin inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, as revealed by decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and up-regulated Bcl-2 and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway related proteins. Collectively, puerarin can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and thus attenuate myocardial injury caused by CME. Mechanistically, these effects may be achieved through activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.