• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine whether we should recommend ultrasonography (US) for an incidental thyroid nodule identified by additional cervicothoracic sagittal T2-weighted image (C-T sag T2WI) of lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 61 patients who underwent both lumbar spine MRI and thyroid US between December 2011 and April 2015 was conducted. For all US-found thyroid nodules > 1 cm, investigators evaluated whether there was any correlation between thyroid nodule detectability by C-T sag T2WI and US features such as echogenicity, composition, or suspicion of malignancy. Results: Solid hypoechoic (2/4; 50%) or mixed echoic nodules (4/8; 50%) appeared to be found relatively more easily by C-T sag T2WI than more benign-looking solid isoechoic (1/4; 25%) or spongiform nodules (0/6; 0%). Among six nodules with ultrasonographic suspicion for malignancy, only one nodule was detected by C-T sag T2WI. Conclusion: If an incidental thyroid nodule is seen by C-T sag T2WI, it would be better to recommend thyroid US for identifying malignancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 1994

In order to define the clinical characteristics of Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome, clinical symptoms, biochemical features and ultrasonographic findings were determined in ninety PCO patients. Frequency of clinical manifestations were as follows:acne 42%, overweight 31 %, oily skin 14 %, hirsutism 10%. Relatively low frequencies of hirsutism is recognized in patients with Korean PCO syndrome. Mean(${\pm}$S.E.) of each hormone was:testosterone 1.18${\pm}$1.07ng/ml, LH 21.47${\pm}$${\pm}$2.6mIU/ml, FSH 7.26${\pm}$2.67mIU/ml, LH/FSH ratio 2.94${\pm}$1.29, prolactin 25.48${\pm}$46.33ng/ml, DHEA-S 333.78${\pm}$309.60ng/dl, 17-0HP 1.72${\pm}$1.74ng/ml. Mean 17-OHP after ACTH stimulation test was 5.07${\pm}$12.01ng/ml. Ultrasonographically measured mean ovarian volume were $11.02{\pm}5.92cm^3$ in right and $9.23{\pm}5.64cm^3$ in left and small sized multiple subcapsular follicular cysts were noted in 43 patients (47.9%) with PCO syndrome.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to reveal the clinicopathologic features and causes of bleeding in older patients with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) and to investigate the correlation between the ultrasonographic findings and etiology of PMB. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the causes and clinical characteristics of PMB in 498 patients who were diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2017. The population with PMB was divided into 2 groups according to age: Group A (n=204) included individuals more than 65 years of age and group B (n=294) included those less than 65 years of age. Clinical characteristics such as age, parity, underlying conditions, previous surgical history, and previous menopausal hormone therapy were compared between the groups. Cervical cytology testing and transvaginal ultrasonography were performed in all patients with PMB. Endometrial biopsy was performed in all cases of endometrial thickness ${\geq}5mm$. Results: We examined 498 patients with PMB. In group A, atrophic endometrium (n=125, 61.27%) was the most common cause of PMB. Twenty-three patients had gynecological malignancy (cervical cancer: n=12, 5.88%; endometrial cancer: n=8, 3.42%; ovarian cancer: n=3, 1.46%), and 30 patients had benign gynecological disease (endometrial polyp: n=10, 4.90%; submucosal myoma: n=6, 2.94%; uterine prolapse: n=7, 3.42%; cervical dysplasia; n=5, 2.45%; cervical polyp: n=2, 0.98%). Forty patients had endometrial thickness ${\geq}5mm$. Eight patients were diagnosed with endometrial cancer. All cases of endometrial cancer were diagnosed with endometrial thickness >10 mm. Conclusion: Atrophic endometrium was the most common cause of PMB in both groups, and approximately 12% of cases were associated with gynecological malignancy in older patients.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

The tarsus in dogs has a complex structure that makes its evaluation relatively challenging. Because an accurate diagnosis of the tarsus is difficult through basic examinations alone, imaging tests are essential. Previous studies have explored the anatomical and radiological features of the canine tarsus using several imaging modalities. However, the imaging utility of the tarsus across different modalities has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to visualize the tarsal structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography, compare their utility, and propose suitable imaging modalities and conditions for evaluating specific tarsal structures. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound scans of the tarsus of four healthy dogs were performed, and two observers rated the utility of each image on a five-point scale. Although MRI is more beneficial for assessing the tarsal structures than ultrasound, ultrasound also appears clinically useful for evaluating the cranial tibialis muscle, deep digital flexor tendon, subcutaneous fat, joint space, and superficial digital flexor tendon. In addition, each structure of interest can be evaluated for optimal visibility using specific ultrasound sections, MRI sequences, and planes. In veterinary clinical practice, an initial assessment using ultrasound imaging with optimal visibility is required and if further evaluation is necessary, MRI examinations with optimal MRI sequences and planes can be performed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45-47
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• 2024

Peripheral nerves may be affected or injured for several reasons. Peripheral nerve damage can result from trauma, surgery, anatomical abnormalities, entrapment, systemic diseases, or iatrogenic injuries. Trauma and iatrogenic injuries are the most common causes. The ulnar, median, and radial nerves are the most injured nerves in the upper extremities, while the sciatic and peroneal nerves are the most injured nerves in the lower extremities. The clinical symptoms of peripheral nerve damage include pain, weakness, numbness/ tingling, and paresthesia. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of peripheral nerve injuries are crucial. If a peripheral nerve injury is left untreated, it can lead to severe complications and significant morbidity. The sciatic nerve is one of the most affected nerves. This nerve is generally injured by trauma and iatrogenic causes. Children are more susceptible to trauma than adults. Therefore, sciatic nerve injuries are observed in pediatric patients. When the sciatic nerve is damaged, pain, weakness, sensory loss, and gait disturbances can occur. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of sciatic nerve injuries are important to avoid unexpected consequences. Ultrasound can play an important role in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury and the follow-up of patients. The aim of this case report is twofold. First, we aimed to emphasize the critical role of ultrasonographic evaluation in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries and pathologies. Second, we aimed to present this case, which has distinguishing features, such as the existence of periostitis ossificans progressiva with sciatic neurotmesis due to a traumatic glass injury.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권5호
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 2023

갑상선 수질암은 갑상선의 소포곁세포에서 기원하는 드문 악성 종양이다. 하시모토 갑상선염은 자가면역성 갑상선 질환의 일종으로, 갑상선 기능 저하증의 가장 흔한 원인이다. 하시모토 갑상선염과 갑상선 유두암 및 갑상선 림프종 사이의 연관성은 이전 연구에서 자주 논의되었다. 하지만 하시모토 갑상선염과 동반된 갑상선 수질암의 초음파 소견에 대한 보고는 거의 없었다. 증례에서 갑상선 실질은 미만성의 비균질 저에코 소견 및 내부에 에코발생 가닥이 관찰되었으며, 색 도플러 영상에서 증가된 혈관분포를 보였다. 이와 동시에 불분명한 경계의 평행한 방향성의 저에코성 종괴가 좌측 갑상선의 중간에서 하부 극에 관찰되었으며, 내부에는 중심 미세석회화를 보였고, 이는 불분명한 경계를 보인다는것을 제외하면 이전의 보고된 갑상선 수질암의 초음파 소견과 같았다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2023

목적 갑상선 유두암 환자에서 림프절 전이를 예측할 수 있는 잠재적인 바이오마커를 개발하기 위해 초음파 영상에 대한 radiomics를 조사하는 것이다. 대상과 방법 2013년 8월부터 2014년 5월까지 431명의 환자가 연구에 포함되었고 통계 소프트웨어를 사용하여 훈련 및 검증 세트로 구분되었다. 총 730개의 radiomics 특징이 자동으로 추출되었다. 훈련 데이터 세트에서 가장 예측 가능한 특징을 선택하기 위해 최소 절대 수축 및 선택 연산자가 사용되었다. 결과 Radiomics 점수는 림프절 전이와 관련이 있었다(p < 0.001). 림프절 전이는 젊은 연령(p = 0.007) 및 더 큰 종양 크기(p = 0.007)와 같은 다른 임상 변수와도 관련이 있었다. 수신자 조작 특성 곡선 하 면적 결과 값은 훈련 세트의 경우 0.687 (95% 신뢰 구간: 0.616-0.759), 검증 세트의 경우 0.650 (95% 신뢰 구간: 0.575-0.726)이었다. 결론 본 연구 결과는 초음파 영상 기반의 radiomics가 papillary thyroid carcinoma 환자에서 경부 림프절 전이를 예측하고 바이오마커로 작용할 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2012

Mucolipidosis II (ML II) or inclusion cell disease (I-cell disease) is a rarely occurring autosomal recessive lysosomal enzyme-targeting disease. This disease is usually found to occur in individuals aged between 6 and 12 months, with a clinical phenotype resembling that of Hurler syndrome and radiological findings resembling those of dysostosis multiplex. However, we encountered a rare case of an infant with ML II who presented with prenatal skeletal dysplasia and typical clinical features of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism at birth. A female infant was born at $37^{+1}$ weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 1,690 g (<3rd percentile). Prenatal ultrasonographic findings revealed intrauterine growth retardation and skeletal dysplasia. At birth, the patient had characteristic features of ML II, and skeletal radiographs revealed dysostosis multiplex, similar to rickets. In addition, the patient had high levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone, consistent with severe secondary neonatal hyperparathyroidism. The activities of ${\beta}$-D-hexosaminidase and ${\alpha}$-N-acetylglucosaminidase were moderately decreased in the leukocytes but were 5- to 10-fold higher in the plasma. Examination of a placental biopsy specimen showed foamy vacuolar changes in trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. The diagnosis of ML II was confirmed via GNPTAB genetic testing, which revealed compound heterozygosity of c.3091C>T (p.Arg1031X) and c.3456_3459dupCAAC (p.Ile1154GlnfsX3), the latter being a novel mutation. The infant was treated with vitamin D supplements but expired because of asphyxia at the age of 2 months.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1985

1983년 5월부터 1985년 11월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 복부농양을 의심하여 초음파검사를 시행후 확진된 48명의 환자에서 초음파소견을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 농양의 위치는 복강내 농양이 30예, 내장 농양이 13예, 후북막강농양이 5예였다. 2) 원인별로는 복강내 농양의 25예는 충수돌기염에 의하였고. 5예는 수술후 합병증으로 생겼다. 후복막강농양 5예는 전부 요근농양으로, 결핵성 및 화농성이 각각 2예, 후복막강에 위치한 충수돌기 염증이 1예였다. 내장농양은 12예가 간농양으로 이 중 9예는 화농성, 3예는 아메바성이었고 췌장염에 의한 췌장미부농양이 l예였다. 3) 형태는 총 48예중 26예(54%)에서 구형 또는 난원형이었으며, 특히 내장농양이 복강내 농양에 비해 구형 또는 난원형이 많았다. 4) 병변의 크기는 26예(54%)에서 5~10cm사이였으며, 내부echo는 33예(69%)에서 낭포성이었다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.719-725
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• 2020

갑상선으로의 전이는 매우 드물며, 유방암의 갑상선으로의 전이 또한 드문 것으로 알려져 있다. 우리는 64세 유방암 환자에서 발생한 갑상선으로의 전이성 암 병변에 대한 초음파 소견과 중심부 바늘 생검의 진단적 역할에 중점을 두어 증례 보고를 하고자 한다. 초음파에서는 뚜렷한 종괴 형성은 보이지 않으면서 갑상선의 크기가 증가하였고, 저에코의 선 형태와 미세석회화가 관찰되었다. 이러한 미세석회화 부분을 조직검사의 표적으로 하여 중심부 바늘 생검을 시행하였고, 생검 결과 전이성 유방암으로 확인되었다. 최종적으로 갑상선 전절제술을 시행하여 림프선을 따라 전이한 침윤성 유관암으로 진단되었다. 저자들은 이러한 초음파 소견을 보일 경우 미세침흡인생검으로는 표적을 정하기 어려울 수 있으나, 중심부 바늘 생검을 이용하면 조직 자체를 얻어 수술 전 정확한 진단에 도움이 될 수 있다는 것을 경험하였기에 보고하고자 한다.