• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.443-452
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the site and growth characteristics of Mackia amurensis stand in natural forest of Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do, Korea. The 28 sample plots ($30m{\times}30m$) were established to examine the vegetation and site characteristics for M. amurensis stand. Stem analysis was performed on two sample trees for each of the 5 plots situated at intervals of 100 m by altitude. M. amurensis trees were mainly distributed at the ridge and the slope facing north, with altitudes ranging from 790 to 1,170 m. The M. amurensis grew at relatively deep A-layer of soil with high moisture but infertile. Dominant species with M. amurensis were Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono, Ulmus davidiana var., japonica, Tilia amurensis, and Populus davidiana. TWINSPAN classified four communities in Mt. Joongwang area; M. amurensis-P. davidiana community (xeric type), M. amurensis-U. davidiana var. japonica community (xeric type), M. amurensis-T. amurensis community (moist type), and M. amurensis-Styrax obassia community (moist type). According to the community type, trees per ha were more abundant in the area of the moist types than the xeric types. Height growth of M. amurensis increased with increasing ages until 10 years, and then decreased thereafter, especially at altitude of 1,020m. M. amurensis showed rapid early growth of height and volume, indicating possible high biomass production under enough light. Growth of M. amurensis increased greatly at about 40 years if released from severe competitions. The rotation age of natural M. amurensis stand was expected for above 50 years.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2023

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes the weakening of bone by increasing porosity, which often results in fractures. Osteoporosis treatment measures include the use of Bisphosphonates and estrogen. However, these treatments cannot be used in the long term as these treatments have adverse side effects. Therefore, there is a need to identify better and safer treatment options. For this, 63 plant extracts were screened and among them, six extracts showed high anti-osteoclastic activity with low cytotoxicity. Of these six extracts, three extracts, Cudrania tricuspidata (P371), Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (P401), and Torilis japonica (P411), showed more than 50 percent osteoclast inhibition. While the remaining, Stewartia pseudocamellia extracts I and II (P370, P397) and Cuscuta chinensis (P418), showed moderate or between 40-50 percent osteoclast inhibition. Among all the extracts, Torilis japonica (P411) showed the highest inhibitory action against osteoclast development. Torilis japonica (P411) primary components include Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Luteolin, all proven to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Stewartia pseudocamellia extracts I and II (P370 and P397) showed moderate or 44% osteoclast inhibition. Stewartia pseudocamellia extract II (P397) enhanced the growth of RAW 264.7 cells by 19%. Torilis japonica (P411) and Stewartia pseudocamellia extract II (P397) suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW 246.7 cells. Torilis japonica (P411) extracts even increased osteoblast-specific RUNX2 gene expression. This results provide that six extracts could be used as a potential treatment option for osteoporosis disease with the extracts of Torilis japonica (P411) and Stewartia pseudocamellia (P397) as an ideal candidates. However, the combination of the extract with higher osteoclastic inhibition and less toxic effects with further analysis should be recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.559-564
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• 2007

This research is aimed at finding out the ecological change of Seunghwanglim through the examination of vegetational change of tree seedlings of old giant trees growing at Seunghwanglim [Seunghwang Forest designated as a Natural Monument No.93] after the installation of protective iron fence. The survey results are as follows: First, as a result of keeping out people by installing a protective iron fence in 1989, soil hardness of the plane forest was greatly improved except the area used as roads. The seedlings of the plane forest, whose damage index is 2,3,4, were found to have the highest 1,202 $individuals/400m^2$, and those of the plane forest, whose damage index is 1, were revealed to have 565 $individuals/400m^2$, and those of the slope forest were found to have 403 $individuals/400m^2$. The number of the young sapling[taller than 2 meters] individuals of the plane forest whose damage index is 1 was found to be the most $48/400m^2$, and that of the plane forest whose damage index is 2, 3, 4- was $31/400m^2$, and that of the slope forest proved to be $14/400m^2$. In the plane forest whose damage index is 2, 3, 4, the saplings of the Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Acer triflorum are relatively much distributed, and in the plane forest whose damage index is 1, many saplings of the Prunus padus and Styrax obassia, were found to grow and in the slope forest, many saplings of the Acer pictum subsp. mono and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum. were found to grow. Many seedlings of Rubus spp. - R. oldhamii, R. coreanus and R. crataegifolius. - and Akebia quinata were growing vigorously on plane forest, but they might decrease in number with the increasing number of the tree saplings.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2012

Occurrence Hyphantria cunea was confirmed in 35 cities and counties nationwide in 2011, each of which reported some form of crop and/or ecological damage caused by the moth. Only a larva of the black-headed form were reported to have occurred in the nation. H. cunea was found in street trees 66.7%, followed by landscape trees 19.4% and forests 13.9%. This suggests that artificial environment 86.1% suffered from H. cunea more severely than natural forests. The study identified 44 families and 102 species of host plants, and found an additional 29 species, to those which had been identified in previous studies. At present, the identified host plants of H. cunea are composed of 62 families and 219 species in total since their first appearance was reported approximately 50 years ago. Host plants include 5 species of food crops (2.3%), 6 species of vegetables (2.7%), 4 species of medicinal crops (1.8%), 1 species of industrial crops (0.5%), 13 species of fruit trees (5.9%), 6 species of other trees crops (2.7%) as well as a further 5 species of farmed crops (2.3%). Seven species of host plants (18.4%) originate from North America where Hyphantria cunea has been introduced from, while 11 species (29.0%) are from China and Japan, Europe and India were the native sources of (10.5%) of the origin with 4 species, respectively. Seventeen species of trees, including Platanus occidentalis L., Ulmus davidiana (var.) japonica (Rehder) (Nakai) and Cornus officinalis (Siebold & Zucc) were heavily noted to be heavily infected with larval populations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 2013

The effect of climate change on urban woody plants remains difficult to predict in urban areas. Depending on its tolerances, a plant species may stay and survive or stay with slowly declining remnant populations under a changing climate. To predict those vulnerabilities on urban woody plants, this study suggests a basic bioclimatic envelop model of heat requirements, cold tolerance, chilling requirements and moisture requirements that are well documented as the 'climatic niche'. Each component of the 'climatic niche' is measured by the warmth index, the absolute minimum temperature, the number of chilling weeks and the water balance. Regarding the utility of the developed model, the selected urban plant's present probabilities are suggested in the future climate of Seoul. Both Korea and Japan's thermal thresholds are considered for a plant's optimal climatic niche. By considering the thermal thresholds of these two regions for the same species, the different responses observed will reflect the plant's 'hardening' process in a rising climate. The model illustrated that the subpolar plants Taxus cuspidata and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are predicted to have low suitability in Seoul. The temperate plants Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora, which have a broad climatic niche, exhibited the highest present probability in the future. The subtropical plants Camellia japonica and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii may exhibit a modest growth pattern in the late 21C's future climatic period when an appropriate frost management scheme is offered. The model can be used to hypothesize how urban ecosystems could change over time. Moreover, the developed model can be used to establish selection guidelines for urban plants with high levels of climatic adaptability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.693-702
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate that a roadside tree root intrudes sewer network systems. Two approaches were performed to assess the characteristics of tree root intrusion. First, the characteristics of tree roots that had invaded sewers were directly observed by means of closed-circuit television inspection robot. Second, the intrusion proportions of tree root into rain gutters in the sampling area were investigated. As tree species of low intrusion proportions, the results indicated that Ginkgo biloba Linn. and Acer buergerianum Miq. were 1.7% and 4.3%. On the other hand, tree species of high intrusion proportions were Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai and Zelkova serrata Makino as 22.2%, 20.4%, and 17.6% respectively. In particular, sewers and gutters around Zelkova species should be the focus of maintenance work because of the high proportion of these trees on roadsides.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.249-255
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• 2009

Currently, drug-induced liver injury (DILl) has been reported to be common cause of acute hepatitis, and oriental medicine and folk remedies are no exception. However, because many studies about DILl have been reported by western medical society. they has taken the initiative of DILl not only for western drugs but also herbs. So, academia of oriental medicine should make an effort to progress herb-related DILl studies. We describe a patient of acute liver injury which had been caused by comfrey, albizzia julibrissin, ulmus davidiana var. japonica, red ginseng. We hope that this report helps for studying the diagnosis and management of herb-derived DILl. and for establishing a standard of oriental therapy to DILL.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.512-521
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• 2022

Since the main symptoms of COVID-19 involve the respiratory system, the infection rate of this disease is predicted to be higher in patients with other respiratory conditions such as allergic rhinitis. In such a situation, it will be meaningful to conduct research on an allergy treatment that has fewer side effects and can effectively reduce allergy symptoms. Here, we prepared experimental samples under various fermentation conditions with mixed extracts of six medicinal plants. To examine the anti-allergic efficacy of these samples, an egg albumin-induced allergic rhinitis animal model experiment, a serum histamine and IgE experiment, and a COX and LO inhibitory activity experiment were conducted. As a result of animal experiments, OVA+SP-4 showed superior efficacy compared to OVA+SP-1 in nasal rubbing and sneezing experiments and had anti-allergic efficacy similar to that of OVA-cetirizine. The serum histamine concentration of OVA+SP-4 was also 1.3 times higher than that of the OVA+cetirizine group, showing a high histamine reduction ability, and IgE showed the same trend. An analysis of COX inhibitory efficacy also confirmed that COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory efficacy is high, and the longer the fermentation time, the higher the antiallergic efficacy. The composition proposed by this study is expected to have a significant effect on sustainable allergy prevention and treatment in the future by applying it to human patients.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

Objectives of this study are to make clear the vegetation structure of Hovenia dulcis community in the Korean Peninsula over ten mountains including 17 plots. The results were summarized as follows. Habitat of the community indicated that elevation ranged from 115 meter to 720 meter at the sea level, slope aspect in nearly all directions, bare rock from 0 to 90 percent, slope degree from 10$^{\circ}$ to 40$^{\circ}$, topography from valley to middle slope, the height of tree layer from 8m to 22m, the diameter at breast height from 12cm to 59cm and coverage from 65% to 95$\%$$\%$

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2021

Phytosociological characteristics on Quercus acutissima forests distribution in Daechong-dam basin survey has been carried out using Z.-M. School's methodology and numerical-classification analyses. A total of 43 phytosociological relevés were sampled. Syntaxa were described as Oplismenus undulatifolius-Quercus acutissima community(typicum subcommunity, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica subcommunity, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica subcommunity), Quercus acutissima community and Quercus variabilis-Quercus acutissima community (typicum subcommunity, Castanea crenata subcommunity). The above three plant communities were classified with species composition reflecting local environmental characteristics of mountain topographies, inclination degrees, and rock exposure rates. Conclusively, those communities were recognized as secondary vegetation affected by high intensity and frequency of human impacts as they inhabited in southward hill lands and low lying grounds in mountains adjacent to human settlements and arable lands. Quercus acutissima community was classified as rural type syntax based on their inlandward distribution and species composition differences from urban forests. Afforest process and natural succession were discussed in relation with habitat environmental elements of Quercus acutissima forest in the survey area.