• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.12-26
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate current states and management of the protected trees in Gangwon-do. There were 701 protected trees in 42 species designated by 2008, which were distributed at 425 places. Major species were Zelkova serrata(29%), Pinus densiflora(24%), Ulmus davidiana var. japonica(11%), and Ginkgo biloba(5%). The protected trees played various roles in the villages, mostly as sacred trees(43%). The 51% of protected trees were 300 years or more in age, the 53% were more than 20 m in height, and the 57% were more than 300 cm in girth at breast height. The 69% of the protected trees have been designated for protection in 1982 and the rest have been designated by the local cities by 2008. The species number of the protected trees in Youngseo region was greater than that of the Youngdong region. The major species were Zelkova serrata (33%) and Pinus densiflora(17%) in Youngseo region, and were Pinus densiflora (38%) and Zelkova serrata(19%) in Youngdong region. The ratio of native species to exotic species was 33:1 in Youngseo region, and were 25:6 in Youngdong region. The 29% of protected trees were located in the field, 28% in the mountain, and 25% in the villages. The 45% of the ground were covered by herbaceous plants, 39% exposed, and 10% gravel mulch. Most of the protected trees had good growing conditions. The 70% of the protected trees were under good maintenance, and the rest were under undesirable conditions. The soil characteristics of the protected tree areas in Gangwon-do were not much different from those of Korean average. It seemed to be necessary to increase designation of protected trees based on the tradition, history, local value and academic application in Gangwon-do. In addition, it is desirable to suggest plans to utilize and manage protected tree areas for enhancing the value of natural heritages in Gangwon-do.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.895-906
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to the structure of plant community from Sinseongam to Jungdaesa in Odaesan National Park, furthermore, it seeks to curate the basic data for planning of the Abies holophylla's forest management in Odaesan National Park. In order to identify the current ecological environment, this study explored the actual vegetation as primary research and set to twenty plots(i.e. $400m^2$) for analysing detailed structure of plant communities. The research methodology was qualitative analysis, therefore it used TWINSPAN and DCA analysis tools. Especially, TWINSPAN performed well in several comparisons of classification techniques, DCA is one of the ordination technique showed that the plant communities. The plant community was analysed classification and ordination by TWINSPAN and DCA, moreover it was analysed the structure of plant community such as importance percentage of woody species, DBH class distribution, the index of diversity and rate of sample tree growth. The main vegetation was A. holophylla-Quercus mongolica forest and Deciduous broad-leaved forest in the communities where located in low altitude and valley, whereas main vegetation where located in high altitude and slope was Q. mongolica forest. The research site's plant communities were classified four groups. In all of communities, A. holophylla was dominant species in main canopy layer, furthermore, the three communities (community I, II, III) are growing up next generation of A. holophylla excluding community IV. The communities (community I, II, III) can be sustained current status which dominates the A. holophylla communities, simultaneously, there might be expanded the Deciduous broad-leaved communities by Carpinus cordata, Betula schmidtii and so on. While, it showed that the community IV tended to be weaken the forces of A. holophylla, therefore the community IV can be transferred to C. cordata-Deciduous broad-leaved communities in the future. The age of sample trees was 79~128(i.e. A. holophylla), 75~87(i.e. Pinus koraiensis) and 190 years(i.e. Ulmus davidiana var. japonica). The index of Shannon's Species diversity (H') were ranged from 0.3889 to 1.3332 in the communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.202-219
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the community structure of forest vegetation in Mt. Geumsusan belong to Woraksan National Park for providing basic information of ecological management. Data were collected by 41 plots from June to November in 2016 using Z-M phytosociology method, which was analyzed with vegetation types, mean importance value and coincidence method. As the results, the forest vegetation was classified into Quercus mongolica community group including Cornus controversa community, Castanea crenata community(Vegetation unit 3), Quercus variabilis community(Vegetation unit 4) and Q. mongolica community(Vegetation unit 5). C. controversa community was divided into two groups such as Ulmus davidiana var. japonica group(Vegetation unit 1) and Parthenocissus tricuspidata group(Vegetation unit 2). Mean importance percentage of vegetation unit 1 was showing Fraxinus rhynchophylla 14.9%, Morus bombycis 8.7% and Acer pictum subsp. mono 8.3%, that of unit 2 was Larix kaempferi 23.2%, C. controversa 20.1% and P. tricuspidata 6.5%, that of unit 3 was Q. mongolica 15.8%, C. crenata 13.4% and F. rhynchophylla 9.8%, that of unit 4 was Q. mongolica 26.6%, Q. variabilis 20.8% and Pinus densiflora 16.7%, that of unit 5 was Q. mongolica 48.3%, Styrax obassia 7.5%, F. rhynchophylla 5.3% in the order, respectively. Each vegetation unit was classified with dependance on environmental factors as 700m of altitude, $20^{\circ}$ of slope degree, middle slope of topography, 20% of bare rock, 30 taxa of present species, 80% of tree layer coverage rate and 20m of tree layer height. In conclusion, it was preferentially considered that development of peculiar and specific management methods with vegetation unit classified above should be needed for ecological and sustainable forest vegetation management.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.10
• /
• pp.783-790
• /
• 2023

Modern people have an increased incidence of metabolic diseases due to changed eating habits, and diabetes is considered the most significant metabolic disease. Given that existing diabetes treatments are accompanied by side effects, the aim of this study was to identify traditional natural products that have anti-diabetic activity. The potential anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of natural products were examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, α-glucosidase assay, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition assay. Methanol extracts of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Acer tegmentosum branches, Nelumbo nucifera seeds, and Carthamus tinctorius seeds were found to have high anti-diabetic activity and further fractionated with solvents using ethyl acetate and butanol. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of C. tinctorius seeds (MG-11-E) with high α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activity was selected. MG-11-E was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography, and fraction #6 showed high α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activity. Fraction #6 was analyzed and fractionated via high performance liquid chromatography with 50% methanol as the mobile phase, and anti-diabetic activity was observed in the sample that eluted after 4 min as a single peak. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity exhibited by this sample seemed to be greater than the PTP1B inhibitory activity; thus, it was concluded that a greater anti-diabetic therapeutic effect may be achieved by combining this agent with natural products that inhibit PTP1B activity.