• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.80-94
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan. The result of this study is summarized as follows. As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. In community planting, as a group of canopy, there are 6 species; Pinus thunbergii, Quercus acutissima, Quercus dentata, Quercus serrata, Quercus alienna, Quercus variabilis. As a group of understory, there are 5 species; Platycarya strobilacea, Prunus sargentii, Styrax japonica, Eurya japonica, Morus bombycis. Also as a group of shrub, there were 15 kinds of species; Ulmus pavifolia, Ulmus davidiana, Lindera obtusiloba, Elaeagnus macrophylla, Mallotus japonicus, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Sorbus alnifolia, Rhus trichocarpa, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Rosa wichuraiana, Rhus chinensis, Viburnum erosum, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhododendron yedoense, Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And as a group of edge vegetation, there were 10 kinds of species; Japanese Angelica, Symplocos chinensis, Pittosporum tobira, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Lespedeza bicolor, Rubus coreanus, Rubus idaeus, Vitis thunbergii, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, Rosa multiflora. Vegetation restoration models of Pinus thunbergii community were calculated the units $400m^2$ for the average populations of the woody layer is 24 in canopy layer, 35 in understory layer, 410 in shrub layer, 34% herbaceous layer ground cover. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area is $10,852cm^2$ in canopy layer, in understory layer $1,546cm^2$, in shrub layer $1,158,660cm^2$. The shortest distance between trees is calculated as 2.0m in canopy layer, 1.9m in understory layer.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

Noticing the intrinsic growing habit variations of hardwood species which is indigenous to the natural deciduous forest, eighteen tree species in overstory were selected for comparative evaluating tree form so as to develop the tree form index (TFI). Selected six tree form attributes were arbitrarily divided four assessment criteria and given appropriate scores. Eighteen tree species were undergone corresponding scores, converted to percentage base, and estimated TFI by the summation of the six scoring values. Cluster analysis was carried out to review which attribute would have been shared among species based on dissimilarity of scores for each pair of species in $18{\times}6$ data matrix. The result showed that Populus davidiana had the highest TFI value of 80.8 and Carpinus cordata had the lowest TFI va1ue of 46.3. The species which received more than 70 of TFI are Populus davidiana, Betula costata, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, characterized by the advantage of straight and longer bole, the narrower crown, and the thinner branch. On the contrary, such species as Sorbus alnifolia. Prunus sargentii, Acer mandshuricum, Juglans mandshurica, and Carpinus cordata received less than 60 of TFI, characterized by the disadvantage of the crooked or forked stem. the wider or deeper crown. and the thicker branch. In the dendrogram produced by cluster analysis, arbitrary value of Euclidean distance 10 divided eighteen species into four distinctive groups. and the typical characteristics of each group were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.693-702
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate that a roadside tree root intrudes sewer network systems. Two approaches were performed to assess the characteristics of tree root intrusion. First, the characteristics of tree roots that had invaded sewers were directly observed by means of closed-circuit television inspection robot. Second, the intrusion proportions of tree root into rain gutters in the sampling area were investigated. As tree species of low intrusion proportions, the results indicated that Ginkgo biloba Linn. and Acer buergerianum Miq. were 1.7% and 4.3%. On the other hand, tree species of high intrusion proportions were Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai and Zelkova serrata Makino as 22.2%, 20.4%, and 17.6% respectively. In particular, sewers and gutters around Zelkova species should be the focus of maintenance work because of the high proportion of these trees on roadsides.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.249-255
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• 2009

Currently, drug-induced liver injury (DILl) has been reported to be common cause of acute hepatitis, and oriental medicine and folk remedies are no exception. However, because many studies about DILl have been reported by western medical society. they has taken the initiative of DILl not only for western drugs but also herbs. So, academia of oriental medicine should make an effort to progress herb-related DILl studies. We describe a patient of acute liver injury which had been caused by comfrey, albizzia julibrissin, ulmus davidiana var. japonica, red ginseng. We hope that this report helps for studying the diagnosis and management of herb-derived DILl. and for establishing a standard of oriental therapy to DILL.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana is an endangered deciduous shrub distributed in mountain areas that is vulnerable to climate change. The purpose of this study was to provide foundational data on the physical characteristics, soil environment, and vegetation structure of habitats of Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana habitat in Korea in order to help with management decisions on ecosystem restoration. Rock exposure was 15 to 35%, with an average of 24%. The native habitat of D. pseudomezereum included 129 taxa consisting of 46 families and 95 genera. Two-way cluster analysis divided the habitat into three plant communities: Community I (dominaterd by Tilia amurensis and Quercus mongolica), Community II (dominaterd by Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Acer pseudosieboldianum), and Community III (dominaterd by Ulmus davidiana var. japonica). The diversity indices for Communities I, II, and III were 1.124, 1.047 and 0.932, respectively. The soils were loam or clay loam. Soil pH, organic matter content, and available phosphoric acid were 5.40, 14.38%, and 31.08 ppm, respectively. Ordination analysis resulted that most significant factors influencing D. pseudomezereum distribution were magnesium content of soil, shrub layer, and altitude.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.512-521
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• 2022

Since the main symptoms of COVID-19 involve the respiratory system, the infection rate of this disease is predicted to be higher in patients with other respiratory conditions such as allergic rhinitis. In such a situation, it will be meaningful to conduct research on an allergy treatment that has fewer side effects and can effectively reduce allergy symptoms. Here, we prepared experimental samples under various fermentation conditions with mixed extracts of six medicinal plants. To examine the anti-allergic efficacy of these samples, an egg albumin-induced allergic rhinitis animal model experiment, a serum histamine and IgE experiment, and a COX and LO inhibitory activity experiment were conducted. As a result of animal experiments, OVA+SP-4 showed superior efficacy compared to OVA+SP-1 in nasal rubbing and sneezing experiments and had anti-allergic efficacy similar to that of OVA-cetirizine. The serum histamine concentration of OVA+SP-4 was also 1.3 times higher than that of the OVA+cetirizine group, showing a high histamine reduction ability, and IgE showed the same trend. An analysis of COX inhibitory efficacy also confirmed that COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory efficacy is high, and the longer the fermentation time, the higher the antiallergic efficacy. The composition proposed by this study is expected to have a significant effect on sustainable allergy prevention and treatment in the future by applying it to human patients.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1996

The Gugogdong-Horyongbong valley forest in Odaesan National Park area was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of slope. Forty-eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 800m to 1,500m and part of the slote. With increasing elevation the important values of Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron schlippenvachii increased, while those of Abies holophulla, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Lindera obtusiloba decreased. As going from lower part to upper part of the slope, the importance values of Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron schlippenbachii increased while those of Acer mono and Ulmus laciniata decreased. Species diversity tended to decreased as increasing elevation. The range of similarity indices between elevation belts, and parts of the slope were 56.3~73.4% and 61.9~71.8%, respectively. According to importance value and cluster analysis, the studied valley forest was classified into tree forest communities of Abies holophulla-deciduous tree species community in lower and middle parts of slope at low and middle elevation belts, Quercus mongolica- coniferous tree species community in upper part of slope at low and middle elevation belts and lower and middle parts of slope at high elevation belt and Quercus mongolica community in upper part of slope at high elevation belt and top area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the relationships between distributions of major hardwood species and characteristics of topography in natural hardwood forest at Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-gun, Gangwon-do which belongs to mid-northern part of the temperate forest. Acer pictum var. mono, Acer manshuricum and Quercus mongolica were affected by elevation, while Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla were affected by the change of slope. Importance values of A. pictum, Betula costata, Ulmus laciniata and Cornus controversa in valley were 13.41%, 5.68% and 3.29%, respectively, which were higher than in any other topography. Species diversity of valley was the highest with 0.98. Ratio of A. pictum and Q. mongolica in dominant species were 24% and 14%, respectively in valley, while were 19% and 23% in slop. Q. mongolica ratio in ridgeline was higher than any other species. Importance values of A. pictum increased continuously until elevation 1,200 m. importance values of F. rhynchophylla was 6.6% which was the highest value found on elevation 800 m. Distributions of major hardwood species were different according to the elevation. The ratio of Q. mongolica and A. pictum were 6.4%~17.5% and 6.0%~10.7% respectively, which were the highest ratio. Species diversity increased according to the increase of the elevation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2008

Objectives : In order to distinguish morphological characteristics of trunk bark and root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai and the trunk bark and root bark of Hemiptelea davidii Planchon were sampled and compared in terms of their external and internal features with flour states according to their medical use, through microscopic examination. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and the flour of it was mounted by the liquid made by the same ratio of each of glycerin, acetic acid, and water, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results : 1. Internal Features 1) A large parenchymatous cell was observed in the phloem of the slice of both trunk bark and root bark of Ulmi Cortex, However, both of the trunk bark and root bark of Hemipteleae Cortex did not have parenchymatous cell in the phloem; instead, stone cells including much square crystal of calcium oxalate were distributed around fiber bundle, and the parenchymatous cell included much druse crystal of calcium oxalate. 2) In both the Ulmi Cortex and Hemipteleae Cortex, rhytidome was observed in trunk bark, but not in root bark, but in the parenchymatous cell of the root bark of the Ulmi Cortex contained starch grain. 2. Flour States 1) In the flour of root bark of the Ulmi Cortex, a large parenchymatous cell was observed. However, in the flour of trunk bark and root bark of Hemipteleae Cortex, no parenchymatous eel was found; instead, stone cell including square crystal of calcium oxalate and druse crystal of calcium oxalate were observed. 2) There was no remarkable difference between the trunk bark and root bark of Hemipteleae Cortex. However, starch grain was contained in the parenchymatous cell of the root bark of Ulmi Cortex but not in the trunk bark of it. Conclusions : There were some morphological differences in external, internal, and flour parts of Ulmi Cortex and Hemipteleae Cortex. In particular, there was a morphological difference in flour states between the trunk bark and root bark of Ulmi Cortex, it is possible to use microscope to distinguish their flour states.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2004

This study was conducted to provide appropriate tending operation strategies for the natural deciduous forest, by the method of evaluating the stand quality, suggesting the removal plan for the undesirable trees, and predicting improvement cutting practice by tree quality evaluation. The results showed that average number of trees per ha was 717 stems, average DBH was 21.1cm. and average height was 13.6m. Canopy dominant species were in the order of Quercus serrata, Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica, Styrax obassia, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Based on grades of four tree form factors for all tree in the study plots, we estimate the change of tree numbers. DBH and height with the improvement cutting by different tree grade. When the higher tree grade was applied to tending operation, the number of stem was decreased, but the values of DBH and height were not changed much, predicted to improve the stand quality.