• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Smart City is a sustainable city that provides a variety of city services to cities that are built with a mix of construction, information and communication technologies, etc. to improve the competitiveness and quality of life of the city. In this paper, we analyze trends of domestic and foreign smart cities and the smart city organization of local governments, and describe the direction of local government's smart city organization system to realize sustainable smart city.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.146-158
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• 2023

Smart City is gaining attention with the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT provides the basis for smart city foundation; enables us to interconnect all the actors of a smart city by supporting the provision of seamless ubiquitous services and Internet of Things. On the other hand, Crowdsourcing has the ability to enable citizens to participate in social and economic development of the city and share their contribution and knowledge while increasing their socio-economic welfare. This paper proposed a hybrid model which is a compound of human computation, machine computation and citizen crowds. This proposed hybrid model uses knowledge-based crowdsourcing that captures collaborative and collective intelligence from the citizen crowds to form democratic knowledge space, which provision solutions in areas of civic innovations. This paper also proposed knowledge-based crowdsourcing framework which manages knowledge activities in the form of human computation tasks and eliminates the complexity of human computation task creation, execution, refinement, quality control and manage knowledge space. The knowledge activities in the form of human computation tasks provide support to existing crowdsourcing system to align their task execution order optimally.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.52-62
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• 2016

Smart City is urban development for complex problem solving that provides convenience and safety for citizens, and it is a blueprint for future cities. In 2008, the Korean government defined the construction, management, and government support of U-Cities in the legislation, Act on the Construction, Etc. of Ubiquitous Cities (Ubiquitous City Act), which included definitions of terms used in the act. In addition, the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has established a "ubiquitous city master plan" considering this legislation. The concept of U-Cities is complex, due to the mix of informatization and urban planning. Because of this complexity, the foundation of relevant regulations is inadequate, which is impeding the establishment and implementation of practical plans. Smart City intelligent service facilities are not easy to define and classify, because technology is rapidly changing and includes various devices for gathering and expressing information. The purpose of this study is to complement the legal definition of the intelligent service facility, which is necessary for integrated management and operation. The related laws and regulations on U-City were analyzed using text-mining techniques to identify insufficient legal definitions of intelligent service facilities. Using data gathered from interviews with officials responsible for constructing U-Cities, this study identified problems generated by implementing intelligent service facilities at the field level. This strategy should contribute to improved efficiency management, the foundation for building integrated utilization between departments. Efficiencies include providing a clear concept for establishing five-year renewable plans for U-Cities.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2022

The smart cities are evolving constantly and are responsible for the current transformation of cities and countries into a completely connected network of information and technology This interconnected network of a huge number of smart devices is capable of exchanging complex information and provides tremendous support including enhanced quality of life within urban locations. Unfortunately this set-up is vulnerable to security attacks and requires the widespread ubiquitous network to authorize access through privacy and thus offer security in order to ensure civilian participation in a country. The smart network should benefit the individuals of the country by developing potential strategies to protect the smart cities and their participating entities from the unauthorized attacks. Trustworthy data sharing strategies based on the utilization of advanced technology features via smart communication network could solve some issues of privacy and security. This paper presents the challenges and issues related to protection and highlights the important aspects of securing the smart cities and its components. It also presents the role of cloud security for building a secure smart city.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2022

우리나라는 세계 최초로 유비쿼터스 도시(Ubiquitous City: U-City) 관련 법률을 제정하고 종합계획을 수립하는 등 스마트시티 관련 정책을 선도적으로 추진해 왔으며, 현재 스마트시티 정책은 스마트시티 국가시범도시 건설, 스마트 챌린지, 스마트도시형 도시재생사업 등 다양하게 추진 중이다. 본 연구에서는 최근 정보통신의 발달에 따른 디지털화 시대를 맞이하여 해외의 스마트정책 사례를 조사 및 분석하여 국내 도시문제 해결로 시민들의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 스마트시티를 구축할 수 있는 시사점을 도출할 예정이다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

The Ubiquitous-City (U-City) is a smart or intelligent city to satisfy human beings' desire to enjoy IT services with any device, anytime, anywhere. It is a future city model based on Internet of everything or things (IoE or IoT). It includes a lot of video cameras which are networked together. The networked video cameras support a lot of U-City services as one of the main input data together with sensors. They generate huge amount of video information, real big data for the U-City all the time. It is usually required that the U-City manipulates the big data in real-time. And it is not easy at all. Also, many times, it is required that the accumulated video data are analyzed to detect an event or find a figure among them. It requires a lot of computational power and usually takes a lot of time. Currently we can find researches which try to reduce the processing time of the big video data. Cloud computing can be a good solution to address this matter. There are many cloud computing methodologies which can be used to address the matter. MapReduce is an interesting and attractive methodology for it. It has many advantages and is getting popularity in many areas. Video cameras evolve day by day so that the resolution improves sharply. It leads to the exponential growth of the produced data by the networked video cameras. We are coping with real big data when we have to deal with video image data which are produced by the good quality video cameras. A video surveillance system was not useful until we find the cloud computing. But it is now being widely spread in U-Cities since we find some useful methodologies. Video data are unstructured data thus it is not easy to find a good research result of analyzing the data with MapReduce. This paper presents an analyzing system for the video surveillance system, which is a cloud-computing based video data management system. It is easy to deploy, flexible and reliable. It consists of the video manager, the video monitors, the storage for the video images, the storage client and streaming IN component. The "video monitor" for the video images consists of "video translater" and "protocol manager". The "storage" contains MapReduce analyzer. All components were designed according to the functional requirement of video surveillance system. The "streaming IN" component receives the video data from the networked video cameras and delivers them to the "storage client". It also manages the bottleneck of the network to smooth the data stream. The "storage client" receives the video data from the "streaming IN" component and stores them to the storage. It also helps other components to access the storage. The "video monitor" component transfers the video data by smoothly streaming and manages the protocol. The "video translator" sub-component enables users to manage the resolution, the codec and the frame rate of the video image. The "protocol" sub-component manages the Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) and Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP). We use Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS) for the storage of cloud computing. Hadoop stores the data in HDFS and provides the platform that can process data with simple MapReduce programming model. We suggest our own methodology to analyze the video images using MapReduce in this paper. That is, the workflow of video analysis is presented and detailed explanation is given in this paper. The performance evaluation was experiment and we found that our proposed system worked well. The performance evaluation results are presented in this paper with analysis. With our cluster system, we used compressed $1920{\times}1080(FHD)$ resolution video data, H.264 codec and HDFS as video storage. We measured the processing time according to the number of frame per mapper. Tracing the optimal splitting size of input data and the processing time according to the number of node, we found the linearity of the system performance.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.87-91
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• 2005

최근 언론매체나 인터넷을 통해 자주 접하게 되는 용어 중 하나가 '유비쿼터스'이다. 각종 서비스, 도시건설, 아파트 등 다양한 대상에 'Ubiquitous' 또는 'U-'라는 수식어를 붙이는 것을 흔히 접할 수 있으며, 마치 매우 편리한 환경을 상징하는 키워드처럼 인식되고 있다. 이와 관련하여 현재 우리나라에서는 정보화도시(U-City 또는 디지털시티라고도 함) 건설 추진 및 그에 대한 논의가 활기를 띠고 있다. 이를 통한다면 우리나라는 건설 및 IT강국이라는 핵심역량을 바탕으로 내수경기 부양뿐만 아니라 지역 간 불균형을 해소할 수 있고, 국내성공 사례로 글로벌 시장개척을 위할 수 있으며 넓게는 동북아 비즈니스 허브구축의 발판이 마련될 수 있겠다. 이밖에도 정보화도시(U-City)건설은 많은 산업화의 가치를 가지고 있기 때문에 정부와 지자체, 또한 기업체에서 기술 개발 및 시범사업에 박차를 가하고 있다. 그러나 새로운 도시유형으로서 정보화도시(U-City)의 개념은 아직까지 제도적으로 정립되어 있지 않을 뿐만 아니라 도시건설 시 어떤 특별한 유인책도 마련되어 있지 않다. 그리하여 지방자치단체, 공기업 등 추진주체마다 전개되는 양상이 다르며 이에 수반되는 다양한 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 정보화도시(U-City)의 성공을 위해서는 글로벌 인재들이 유인할 수 있는 매력을 갖추어야 하며 사회적 투자를 지속시킬 수 있는 효과적 방안이 필요하겠고 핵심기술과 이의 활용방안이 마련되어야겠다. 그러나 무엇보다도 정보화도시 건설관련 법, 제도, 사회시스템 정비가 선행되어야하겠다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.406-414
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• 2010

Ubiquitous cities are constructing for an emphasis on the citizen service, though the effective land management and promoting industry. In domestic, researches on infra and technologies are doing actively. However, researches on the service and space are lack. Also, provided services are do not reflected citizen's needs and overlap overlapped with same or similar service. In this paper, we provide citizen-friendly service model and the order of priority. So, ripple effect on the introduction of service maximize and overcome propriety of the result.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.97-104
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• 2009

In the process of urban development, the increase in the number and the complexity of urban facilities gives rise to a variety of problems, such as increase in construction and maintenance cost. In particular, taking into account the fact that an emergency situation in an urban facility can cause substantial loss of property as well as casualties, it becomes important to intelligently perceive states of facilities and properly execute countermeasures through real-time monitoring. In recent years, practitioners and researchers have made efforts to improve current passive and manpower-dependent facility management systems to be more active and intelligent, by applying diverse ubiquitous computing technologies for the u-City project. In this study, after discussing major drawbacks of the conventional facilities management, the concept and the model of a sensor-based integrated intelligent management system for urban facilities are proposed. The proposed model, by analyzing and processing real-time sensor data from urban facilities, not only supports the management of individual facilities, but also enables the detection of complex facility-related events and the process of their countermeasures. This active and intelligent management of urban facilities is expected to overcome the limitation of the conventional facilities management, and provide more suitable facility management services for the u-City development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.943-949
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• 2011

Smart scope, such as smart equipments, smart homes, and smart phones, has been appeared lately being developed. Such technology developments have been close and practical to our daily lives, not regulated in a science fiction and a movie. It is just the peak of a smart term period. However, with the result from imprudent application of the term 'smart' in the various fields in a short term, the concept of the term 'Smart City' has been nebulous. Therefore, this study is intended to design the obvious concept of Smart City and figure out the political improvement how it will make the direction in the future. That is to study the Smart City which applies the term smart in its city and space, and to examine the improvement directions. After studying the application of the term 'smart', we determine this word has intelligent and high-tech concepts and is used variously in the diverse fields. But we conclude that the term Smart City in these fields is defined differently. From these perspectives, the term is not a simple creature consists of 'smart' and 'city.' It is to be designed as the meanings of making the cities smart.