• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.170-181
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• 2015

Generally, because individual agricultural product possesses its own distinctive characteristics and shows different characteristics at each stage of the agricultural supply chain, it is necessary to develop a proper enterprise architecture for managing information system. In this paper, we propose an enterprise architecture based on RFID/USN technology that can be used as a reference enterprise architecture for u-IT application in the agriculture sectors, which is called the u-Farm enterprise architecture with taking heterogeneous characteristics of agricultural products into account for. In addition, we also developed the RFID/USN middleware platform as a core infrastructure technology. Fo evaluation of the performance of the proposed u-Farm architecture and the RFID/USN middleware platform, the field-trial evaluation at the apple Agricultural Processing Center (APC) has been executed and the results shows that the proposed architecture and platform perform well in terms of information integration over the whole SCM process from the farming stage to delivering statge to the customers. It is expected that the proposed u-Farm enterprise architecture can be utilized as a standard information architecture, and the RFID/USN middleware platform can be a infrastructure platform for future u-IT based information technology applications and services in the agricultural environment.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2014

This study used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the micro-morphological features of two formaldehyde to urea (F/U) mole ratio liquid urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins with three hardener levels as a function of the curing time. The micro-morphological features of the liquid UF resins were characterized after different curing times. As a result, the TEM examination revealed the presence of globular/nodular structures in both liquid UF resins, while spherical particles were only visible in the low F/U mole ratio resins. The high F/U mole ratio liquid UF resins also showed extensive particle coalescence after adding the hardener, along with the appearance of complex filamentous networks. When the resins were cured with a higher amount of hardener and longer curing time, the spherical particles disappeared. For the low mole UF resins, the particles tended to coalesce with a higher amount of hardener and longer curing time, although discrete spherical particles were still observed in some regions. This is the first report on the distinct features of the crystal structures in low F/U mole ratio UF resins cured with 5% hardener and after 0.5 h of curing time. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the crystal structures of low F/U mole ratio UF resins are formed during the curing process.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 1984

Pseudomonas stutzeri IAM 12097의 trypticase 배지(培地)에서 36시간(時間), initial pH는 6.3일때 Exo-maltotetraohydrolase가 최대로 생산되었다. Exo-maltotetraohydrolas, 황산(黃酸)암모니아분획(分劃)과 2회(回)의 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography에 의하여 정제(精製)하였으며 정제효소(精製酵素)의 specific activity는 108.6 u/mg protein, 수율(收率)은 9.4%이었다. 본정제효소(本精製酵素)는 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis와 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis에 의하여 각각(各各) 단일(單一) band를 나타내었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose - The introduction and expansion of the railway network since the 19th century brought revolutionary changes in economic activities, performance, and structure. The purpose of this study is estimating the impact of railroads on the local agricultural and manufacturing structures in the 19th century USA. Research design, data, and methodology - To identify the impact of railroads on local economic structure, county-level panel data from the U.S. census were analyzed using a panel fixed-effect differences-in-differences regression. The empirical investigation focuses on whether railroads changed the overall volume and sectoral composition of the local agricultural sector, and whether they contributed to the growth of the local manufacturing industry and its productivity. Results - The railroad introduction led to the relative decline of the agricultural sector, while encouraging the growth of market-oriented gardening. As such, manufacturing productivity increased by the introduction of railroads, although manufacturing inputs and home manufactures were unaffected. Conclusions - The findings imply that railroads contributed to the growth of market-oriented farming in rural areas, and the rise of productivity in the local manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, evidence of railroad-driven growth for the entire agricultural sector or a massive reallocation of resources from agriculture to manufacturing were not found.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2013

Purpose: Tomatoes, an important agricultural product in fresh-cut markets, are sometimes a source of foodborne illness, mainly Salmonella spp. Growth cracks on tomatoes can be a pathway for bacteria, so its detection prior to consumption is important for public health. In this study, multispectral Visible/Near-Infrared (NIR) reflectance imaging techniques were used to determine optimal wavebands for the classification of defect tomatoes. Methods: Hyperspectral reflectance images were collected from samples of naturally cracked tomatoes. To classify the resulting images, the selected wavelength bands were subjected to two-band permutations, and a supervised classification method was used. Results: The results showed that two optimal wavelengths, 713.8 nm and 718.6 nm, could be used to identify cracked spots on tomato surfaces with a correct classification rate of 91.1%. The result indicates that multispectral reflectance imaging with optimized wavebands from hyperspectral images is an effective technique for the classification of defective tomatoes. Conclusions: Although it can be susceptible to specular interference, the multispectral reflectance imaging is an appropriate method for commercial applications because it is faster and much less expensive than Near-Infrared or fluorescence imaging techniques.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2008

The legume-rhizobia symbiosis is an important source of plant growth and nitrogen fixation for many agricultural systems. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress on nitrogen fixation and growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.), which has antimutagenic activities against chemical mutagen, inoculated with R. leguminosarum bv. viciae cultured with additional plant-to-rhizobia signal compounds, naringenin (NA,15 uM), methyl-jasmonate (MJ, 50 uM) or both, under greenhouse conditions. Three salinity levels (0.6, 3.0 and $6.0\;dS\;m^{-1}$) were imposed at 3 days after transplanting and maintained through daily irrigations. Addition of signal compounds under non-stress and stress conditions increased dry weight, nodule numbers, leaf area and leaf greenness. The inducers increased photosynthetic rate under non-stress and stress conditions, by approximately 5-20% when compared to that of the non-induced control treatment. Under stress conditions, proline content was less in plants treated with plant-to-bacteria signals than the control, but phenol content was significantly increased, compared to that of the control. The study suggested that pre-incubation of bacterial cells with plant-to-bacteria signals could enhance pea growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and biomass under salinity stress conditions.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1990년도 제2차 학술발표초록집
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• pp.8-8
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• 1990

A new method for the graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch is presented. Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch and the subsequent hydrolysis in sodium hydroxide solution to prepare absorbents is well known. This process has been utilized to produce the commercial product, Super Slurper. In a typical batch process, ~5% starch in water mixture is gelatinized at $95^{\circ}C$ under stirring for 1 hour then cooled to room temperature. The graft polymerization itself is carried out for approximately 2 hours at $25~30^{\circ}C$ on the gelatinized starch by eerie ion initiation. In this study, graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch via a reactive extrusion process which is a continuous, efficient process is described. Initial concentration of starch in water is 35% and the reaction temperatures are between $50~80^{\circ}C$. However, the most significant difference in the reactive extrusion process is the short time in which the graft polymerization takes place. Preliminary results on the properties of graft polymerization products obtained from the reactive extrusion process are compared to those obtained from the batch process as well as the absorbency of the hydrolyzed samples. Absorbent material has also been prepared by sequential grafting and saponification in the extruder followed by a 2 hour heat treatment of the extrudate in an air circulated oven at $100^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2006

Influences of urea treated corncobs (UTC) ensiled with or without different additives on ruminal characteristics, in situ digestion kinetics, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism were examined in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design using five ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls. Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 30% dry matter (DM) from concentrate and 70% DM from 5% UTC ensiled without any additive (U) or with 5% enzose (EN), 5% acidified molasses (AM), 5% non-acidified molasses (NM) and 5% acidified water (AW), respectively. These diets were fed to buffalo bulls at 1.5% of their body weight daily. Ruminal $NH_3$-N concentration at 3 hours (h) post feeding was significantly higher in bulls fed U, NM and AW diets, however, at 6, 9 and 12 h post feeding it was significantly higher in bulls fed EN and AM diets. Ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate concentrations were significantly higher with EM and AM diets compared with other diets at 3, 6, 9 and 12 h post feeding. Ruminal pH at 6 and 9 h post feeding was higher with EN and AM diets; however; it was notably lower with these diets at 3 h post feeding. Total ruminal bacterial and cellulolytic bacterial counts were higher in bulls fed EN and AM diets than in those fed the other diets. In situ ruminal DM and NDF degradabilities and total tract digestibilities were significantly higher with UTC ensiled with enzose and acidified molasses than those ensiled without any additive or other additives. Nitrogen balance was significantly higher in bulls fed EN and AM diets than those fed U, AW and NM diets. The UTC ensiled with enzose or acidified molasses resulted in better digestibility and N utilization than those ensiled without any additive, with non-acidified molasses and acidified water in buffaloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.845-855
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• 2000

As high as 50% of pregnancies are known to fail and the majority of such losses occur during the peri-implantation period. For the establishment of pregnancy in mammalian species, therefore, implantation of the conceptus to the maternal endometrium must be completed successfully. Physiological events associated with implantation differ among mammals. In ruminant ungulates, an elongation of the trophohlast in early conceptus development is required before the attachment of the conceptus to the uterine endometrium. Moreover, implantation sites are restricted to each uterine caruncula where tissue remodeling, feto-maternal cell fusion and placentation take place in a coordinated manner. These unique events occur under strict conditions and are regulated by numerous factors from the uterine endometrium and trophoblast in a spatial manner. Interferon-tau (IFN-${\tau}$), a conceptus-derived anti-Iuteolytic factor, which rescues corpus luteum from its regression in ruminants, is particularly apt to play an important role as a local regulator in coordination with other factors, such as TGF-${\beta}$, Cox-2 and MMPs at the attachment and placentation sites.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the photosystem II activities of Cercis chinensis by soil water condition. Drought stress was induced by withholding water and waterlogging treatments was immerging the pots for 15 days. Results showed that the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC, TRo/RC and Dio/RC were significantly increased compared with the control group after 12 days in waterlogging treatments. Particularly, Dio/RC increased substantially under waterlogging stress, indicating that excessive energy was consumed by heat dissipation. Furthermore, the performance index on absorption basis(PI_abs) and responses to structural and functional PS II(SFI_abs) were dramatically decreased after 15 days in both the drought and waterlogging treatments, which reflects the relative reduction state of the photosystem II. These results of chlorophyll a fluorescence by OKJIP analysis show that the sensitive changes photosystem II activity. Thus, on the basis of our results that Cercis chinensis was exhibited a strong reduction of photosynthetic activity to waterlogging stress, and OKJIP parameters such as ABS/RC, DIo/RC, PI_abs and SFI_abs could be useful indicator to monitor the physiological states of Cercis chinensis under soil water condition.