• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 1996

In this study, we have quantified genotype frequency of the cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E1 which codes for the P450 enzyme primarily responsible for the metabolic activation of carcinogenic nitrosamines and low molecular organic solvents, in Korean population by using PCR and RFLP at two sites previously associated with some cancers; a PstI and RsaI RFLP in the transcriptional regulatory region of the human P450 2E1 gene. The genotype frequencies of homozygous wild type (PstI site-absent) and heterozygous mutant type (PstI site-present) in PstI RFLP were 0.70 and 030, respectively. The homozygous mutant type in Pstl RFLP was not observed in Korean population. The genotype frequencies of homozygous wild type (RsaI site-present), heterozygous mutant type (RsaI site-absent), and homozygous mutant type in RsaI RFLP were 0.71, 0.26, and 0.03, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.633-641
• /
• 2014

The exponential distibution is one of the most popular distributions in analyzing the lifetime data. In this paper, we propose multiply Type I hybrid censoring. And this paper presents the statistical inference on the scale parameter for the exponential distribution when samples are multiply Type I hybrid censoring. The scale parameter is estimated by approximate maximum likelihood estimation methods using two different Taylor series expansion types ($AMLE_I$, $AMLE_{II}$). We also obtain the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the scale parameter ${\sigma}$ under the proposed multiply Type I hybrid censored samples. We compare the estimators in the sense of the root mean square error (RMSE). The simulation procedure is repeated 10,000 times for the sample size n=20 and 40 and various censored schemes. The $AMLE_{II}$ is better than $AMLE_I$ in the sense of the RMSE.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2022

In MMORPGs, there are many problems with the Grinding player experience. This research divides the Grinding player experience into four dimensions: Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness and Positive affect through theoretical investigation of game experience. Through the study of Litman (2008), Curiosity is divided into two dimensions, I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, and the relationship between Curiosity and Grinding player experience is studied. By distributing questionnaires, collecting data, and using SPSS software to conduct reliability analysis, validity analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis on the data, it is verified that in MMORPG, I-Type Curiosity can positively affect Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness and Positive affect. D-Type Curiosity can positively affect Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence and Positive affect, but D-Type Curiosity has no statistical relationship with Grinding in-Relatedness. And through the standardized coefficient (Beta) value, between the Curiosity factors, I-Type Curiosity has a greater impact on Grinding in-Autonomy and Positive affect, and D-Type Curiosity has a greater impact on Grinding in-Competence. Finally, from the perspective of I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, combined with the drawbacks of the MMORPG Gringding mechanism, some concrete and feasible suggestions and optimization schemes are put forward to improve the Grinding player experience. This research result can provide some feasible suggestions for MMORPG developers and designers, optimize the MMORPG Grinding mechanism from the perspective of I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, and improve the Grinding player experience. It can provide appropriate assistance for the improved development of MMORPG games.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제62권3호
• /
• pp.214-225
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 우리나라 과학과 교과서에서 열과 열에너지 용어를 어떻게 정의하고 어떤 의미로 사용하고 있는지, 그리고 과학의 영역별로 이 용어들의 사용 의미에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2009 개정 교육과정에 의한 초 중 고 과학과 교과서 52권의 내용을 분석하였다. 열 용어의 정의는 중학교 과학(1)과 고등학교 물리 I, II 교과서에서 제시되는데, 대부분의 교과서가 열을 "온도 차이에 의해 이동하는 에너지(유형 I)"로 정의하였고 물리 I 교과서 1종에서만 "온도 차이에 의한 에너지의 이동(유형 II)"으로 정의하였다. 열에너지 용어의 정의는 대체로 중학교 과학(2)와 고등학교 물리 I 교과서에 제시되는데, 물리 I 교과서는 "분자 운동 에너지(유형 III)"로 정의하였지만 과학(2) 교과서에서는 유형 I 또는 "물체의 상태나 온도를 변화시키는 에너지(유형 IV)"로 정의하였다. 교과서 본문 서술에서 열 용어는 주로 유형 I 또는 유형 III의 의미로 사용되었고, 열에너지 용어는 주로 유형 III의 의미로 사용되었으나 고등학교 물리와 화학 교과서에서는 유형 I의 의미로 사용되기도 하여 열과 열에너지 용어를 혼용하고 있었다. 과학의 영역별로 보면 열과 열에너지 용어를 물리와 화학에서는 주로 유형 I과 유형 III의 의미로 사용하였고, 생명과학과 지구과학에서는 주로 유형 III의 의미로 사용하여 영역별로 차이가 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 등전점과 PCR 생성물을 통하여 광범위 $\beta$-Lactamase(ESBL) 를 생성하는 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 ESBL 유형을 결정하였다. 부산시내 소재 3개 종합병원의 임상검체로부터 20균주의 ESBL 을생성하는 Klebsiella pneumoniae를 분리하였다. 제 3세대 cephalosporin인 cefotaime, cef-tazidime, ceftriaxone으로 double disk synergy test를 시행하여 ESBL 생성균주를 확인하였다. 등전점 및 PCR결과 TEM 형 (pI 5.2~6.0, 1080 bp), TEM+SHV 혼합형(pI 5.2~6.0 및 pI 7.0~7.4 로 1080 bp, 599bp), SHV형 (pI 7.0~ 7.4, 599 bp) , 그리고 PCR결과는 SHV형으로 나타났으나 등전점을 나타내지 않는 것과 등전점 및 PCR 결과 어느 쪽에도 속하지 않는 non TEM non SHV 형 등 5개군으로 나뉘어 졌다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.680-687
• /
• 2004

A study on the correlation between four GCM types and Dam and Bangkwang types of Hyungsang medicine comes to the following conclusions : GCM I type is closely related to Bangkwang type in Hyungsang medicine. GCM II type corresponds to Dam type. In terms of obesity and emaciation, GCM I type is related to obesity and GCM II type to emaciation. In terms of Right and Left, GCM I type is more active in Left, GCM II type in Right. In terms of movement, GCM I and II types are kinetic and GCM III and IV types are static. In terms of Front and Back, the disease of GCM I type usually appears on Back but the treatment starts on Front. In GCM II type, disease mainly occurs on Front but the treatment starts on Back. GCM I type is susceptible to an alimentary disease and constitutionally predisposed to damp-phlegm in Hyungsang medicine. GCM II type is easily affected by a circulatory illness and very vulnerable to heat with blood deficiency and depression and stagnation of Ki.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.467-476
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 라운드 함수의 업데이트 함수로 SP 구조를 사용하고 비밀 S-box가 적용된 GFN(Generalized Feistel Networks) Type I, Type II, Type III에 대한 안전성을 분석한다. 이 환경에서 공격자는 S-box에 대한 정보를 갖지 못한다. 인테그랄 공격 기법(Integral attack) 기반의 선택 평문 공격으로 9 라운드(Type I), 6 라운드(Type II), 6라운드(Type III)에 대한 비밀 S-box 정보를 복구할 수 있다. 선택 암호문 공격으로 전환할 경우 GFN Type I의 16 라운드까지 비밀 S-box의 정보가 복구된다. 결론적으로 m비트 비밀 S-box와 $k{\times}k$ MDS 행렬이 라운드 함수로 사용된 GFN Type I, Type II, Type III에 대하여 비밀 S-box를 복구하는데 ${\frac{2^{3m}}{32k}},{\frac{2^{3m}}{24k}},{\frac{2^{3m}}{36k}}$만큼의 시간복잡도가 필요하다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to identify the skin anti-aging effect of cycloheterophyllin on dermal fibroblasts. To elucidate anti-aging effects of cycloheterophyllin on dermal fibroblasts, I measured cell viability, mRNA expressions, and Collagen, type I/matrix metallopeptidase 1(MMP1)-ELISA assay. In this study, I investigated the effects of cycloheterophyllin on Collagen, type I, alpha 1(COL1A1)/Collagen, type III, alpha 1(COL3A1)/MMP1/Superoxide dismutases/Catalase(CAT) mRNA expressions and Collagen, type I/MMP1 protein production. Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR showed that cycloheterophyllin increased mRNA level of COL1A1/COL3A1/CAT genes and collagen, type I protein by ELISA assay compared to UVA-treated dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore MMP1 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased by cycloheterophyllin treatment. These observations revealed that cycloheterophyllin increased anti-aging effects in dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, I identified the anti-aging effects of cycloheterophyllin, and these results showed that the cycloheterophyllin can be a considerable potent ingredient for skin anti-aging. Based on this, I anticipated further researches about cycloheterophyllin for mechanism to develop not only cosmetics but for healthcare food or medicine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.418-421
• /
• 1980

During the period from August 1959 to end of July 1980, 69 cases of Type I VSD were noted among 235 cases of ventricular septal defect who were operated utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass in the Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University(29.4%). During the same period 1162 open heart surgery cases were experienced among whom 778 cases were congenital anomalies. There were no significent differences between Type I '||'&'||' other tvpo:s of VSD in sex and age distribution. In Type I VSD frequency of aortic regurgitation association was much higher than rest of the types. (8.7% to 2.6%). Necessity of patch closure in Type I was not different from other types. The high incidence of Type I VSD is quite similar to Japanese references which show quite higher ratio compared with from Euroamerican caucasian patients materials. All cases were operated on with bubble type oxygenator mainly Shiley**" oxygenator utilizing hypothermic hemodilution perfusion technique.echnique.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Metal Feathered Trim in old tombs. First, Feathered Trim is 5 types, Feathered Trim I-A, Feathered Trim I-B, Feathered Trim II-A, Feathered Trim II-B, Feathered Trim II-C in according to upper part of central insert plate style. Feathered Trim I-A, I-B, II-B type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in ancient Silla, Gaya. Feathered Trim II-A type was excavated from the only Silla tombs and II-C type was excavated from Gaya tombs. Feathered Trim I-A type was worn previous to I-B type, and II-B, C type was worn previous to II-A type. Feathered Trim 5 types was influenced by the scythe style that was 'Scythe-shaped' tail.