• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2664-2669
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• 2008

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damange, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle-installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction stream line- inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes operation of experience and numerical analysis composed similar condition with real high pressure feedwater heater. This study applied squared, curved and new type impingement baffle plates to feedwater heater same as previous study. In addition, it shows difference of pressure distribution and value between single phase and two phase based on experience and numerical analysis.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

The liquid phase LPG injection engine is a new technology to make good use of LPG as a clean energy. However, it is difficult to precisely control air/fuel ratio in the system because of variation of fuel composition, change of temperature and flash boiling injection mechanism. This study newly suggests an injector control logic for liquid phase LPG injection systems. This logic compensates a number of effects such as variations of density, stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, injection delay time, injection pressure, release pressure which is formed by flash boiling of fuel at nozzle exit. This logic can precisely control air/fuel ratio with only two parameters of intake air flow rate and injection pressure without considering fuel composition, fuel temperature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.701-709
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• 1995

RELAP5 /MOD3/KAERl의 임계유동모델을 위한 실제적인 배출계수들을 9개의 MARVIKEN 임계유동실험 의 평가계산을 통하여 과냉각과 이상임계유동에 대하여 구하였다. 선택된 실험에는 높은 초기 과냉각도와 큰 노즐 세 장비(L/D)인 것들이 포함되었다. 코드의 평가결과는 RELAP5/MOD3/KAERI은 과냉각임계유동을 크게 예측하고 이 상임계유동은 작게 예측함을 보이고 있다. 이러한 결과들을 이용하여 임계유동모델의 실제적인 배출계수들을 반복법으로 정량화 하였다. 실제적인 배출계 수는 과냉각임계유동이 0.89 그리고 이상임계유동이 1.07로 결정되었으며 관련 표준편차는 각 각 0.0349과 0.1189이다. 본 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 대형냉각재 상실사고의 실제적인 계통반응 계산과 비상노심냉각계통 성능평가에 적용할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1009-1023
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• 1997

The breakup length of a liquid jet with flowrate, formed by releasing through a nozzle of circular cross-section into the atmosphere, was experimented and studied for 3 liquid nozzles of varying diameters. The experimental result was analyzed using the existing theoretical equation for predicting the breakup length. It was found that the breakup length of liquid jet depends on the velocity, and the breakup length increases with increasing of the liquid nozzle diameter. Also, the variation range of the breakup length for the same flowrate of liquid increased rapidly as velocity was increased for laminar flow, but in the turbulent flow region, it leveled off in the range of approximately 0.55-0.7 of the mean breakup length. Furthermore, when the longest smooth liquid jet was applied to the co-axial flow air blast atomizer, the effect of air flow on the flow pattern and breakup length was studied for 6 glass nozzles of different lengths and diameters. It was found that depending on the diameter of the mixing tube and liquid jet, it was possible to observe a wide range of flow patterns, such as liquid jet through flow, partial annular flow and annular flow. The liquid jet breakup length was more sensitive to the change in the length rather than the diameter of the mixing tube. As the length of the mixing tube shortens, the breakup length also shortens rapidly.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.473-485
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• 1997

Detailed experimental study has been made of air blast kerosene spray flames with and without swirl in combustion air flow. Phase-Doppler detect technique is used to measure Sauter mean diameter, axial component mean and rms velocity, size-velocity correlation, and number density. These measurements are obtained for both nonreacting and reacting cases under several stable flame conditions. The results show that the introduction of swirl to the combustion air modifies the spatial distribution of droplet size, velocity, and number density, and thus alters the flame structure. However, due to the weak swirl intensity, the overall structure of swirling flames are essentially same as that of nonswirling flames. Physical model of structure of air blast atomized spray flames is projected to show that spray flames are composed of three distinct regions: the two-phase mixture region, the main reaction and the intermittent combustion region. Near the atomizer, two phase mixture of droplet and air is formed in the core region. This dense spray region is characterized by high droplet number density and the strong convective effect. There follows the main combustion region where the main flame penetrates within the spray boundary. Main reaction region of these flames are governed by internal group combustion mode. Finally there exists the intermittent combustion region where local group burning or isolated droplet burning occurs.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2977-2982
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• 2007

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle - installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line - inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes the comparisons between the numerical analysis results using the FLUENT code and the down scale experimental data which effect on disclosing of the shell wall thinning of the high pressure feedwater heaters by porous plate.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2007

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle - installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line - inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes the comparisons between the numerical analysis results using the FLUENT code and the down scale experimental data in an effort to determine root causes of the shell wall thinning of the high pressure feedwater heaters. The numerical analysis and experimental data were also confirmed by actual wall thickness measured by an ultrasonic test.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.2017-2022
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• 2004

There are multistage preheaters in the power generation plan to improve the thermal efficiency of the plant and to prevent the components from the thermal shock. The energy source of these heaters comes from the extracted two phase fluid of working system. These two-phase fluid can cause the so-called Flow Accelerated Corrosion(FAC) in the extracting piping and the bubble plate of the heater for example, in case of point Beach Nuclear Power Plant and in the Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant. The FAC is due to the mass transport of the thin oxide layer by the convection. FAC is dependent on many parameters such as the operation temperature, void fraction, the fluid velocity and pH of fluid and so on. Therefore, in this paper velocity was calculated by FLUENT code in order to find out the root cause of the wall thinning of the feedwater heaters. It also includeed in the fluid mixing analysis model are around the number 5A feedwater heater shell including the extraction pipeline. To identify the relation between the local velocities and wall thinning, the local velocities according to the analysis results were compared with distribution of the shell wall thicknes by ultrasonic test.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

분리막 오염을 감소시키고 투과유속 향상을 위하여 관형분리막 모듈 내에 공기 분사노즐관을 삽입시켰다. 분리막의 평균 기공크기는 $0.1\;{\mu}m$이며 이스트를 오염물질로 사용하였다. 모든 투과실험은 노즐관을 모듈에 장착하고 공기를 주입하지 않는 실험을 먼저 실시하고 연속해서 공기를 주입하는 투과실험을 하였다. 그 다음 노즐관을 제거한 후 공기를 주입시키지 않으면서 투과유속을 측정하였다. 측정된 투과유속은 공기주입 효과를 분석하기 위하여 비교하였다. 공기주입에 대한 투과유속은 거의 일정하거나 증가하였다. 노즐관이 장착되고 공기 주입을 하지 않을 경우의 투과유속이 빈 관형 모듈의 경우보다 높았다. 운전압력을 0.4 bar까지 감소시키면 노즐관이 장착되지 않는 경우와 비교하여 공기를 주입할 경우 투과유속이 21%까지 향상되었다. 기체량이 증가하여 기/액체 2상 흐름이 stratified-smooth에서 intermittent 상태로 변화됨에 따라서 공기 주입에 의한 투과유속은 30% 이상으로 증가하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.948-954
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• 2008

침지형 MBR 공정에서 막 오염과 플럭스 감소의 주요 원인인 케이크층에 의한 저항을 저감하기 위하여 분리막 모듈의 외부에 원통형 관을 도입하였다. 도입된 원통형관 안에 노즐과 산기관을 적용하여 공기 주입량에 따른 공기와 액체의 2상흐름(Two phase flow)중 slug 흐름을 유도하여 공기 방울에 의한 막세정의 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 동일한 유량의 공기를 공급할 경우 노즐에서 발생한 공기방울이 원통형관으로 유입되면서 효율적인 slug 흐름을 형성으로 산기관을 사용한 공급 방식보다는 막오염 방지에 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 노즐로 공급되는 공기의 유량을 최적화하지 않는다면 원통형 관의 벽 부분부터 활성슬러지 혼합액이 퇴적하게 되거나 막간에 슬러지가 퇴적되어 관 내부의 급격한 막힘 현상이 발생하여 일정시간이 경과하면, 오히려 산기관보다 급격한 막오염 현상을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 또한 원통형 관 내부에 침지된 분리막의 면적의 최적 비율, A$_m$/A$_t$가 비율이 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 산기관의 경우에는 A$_m$/A$_t$ 비율이 0.27일 때 최소화된 막오염이 관찰된 반면에, 노즐의 경우에는 A$_m$/A$_t$ 비율이 0.55일 때 막오염이 최소값을 보였다. 따라서 상승하는 공기방울에 의한 막오염 저감효과는 관 내부의 중공사막이 차지하고 있는 비율, A$_m$/A$_t$에 크게 의존하고 있으며, 산기관과 노즐의 경우 그 최적비율은 각각 다름을 알 수 있었다.