• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 1999

Korean R. plancyi occupies a restricted area in western South Korea and shows a relatively low level of genic variability (%P＝15.2, Ho=0.052, He＝0.048). In contrast, R. nigromaculata is broadly distributed in South Korea. The observed low level of variability of R. nigromaculata (%P＝14.3, Ho＝0.042, He＝0.043) is probably due to its recent colonization. Populations of R. nigromaculata exhibited considerable genetic differentiation (F$_{sT}$=0.149) and low level of gene flow (Nm＝1.427) among populations, compared to those of R. Plancyi (F$_{sTF$_{sT}$}$=0.096, Nm＝2.354), which occupies a restricted area. The observed levels of gene flow among populations of R. nigromaculata (Nm＝1.427) over a broad geographic range is relatively higher than other amphibian species. The high level of gene flow is probably the result of the high dispersal abilities of R. nigromaculata. A survey of temporal genic variation of R. nigromaculata showed that there was no significant change on the overall average genetic diversity from 1978 (average He＝0.044) to 1997 (average He＝0.040). Wright's F-statistics also indicated no significant genetic differentiation from 1978 (F$_{sT}$＝0.118) to 1997 (F$_{sT}$＝0.108). This suggests that the environmental change appears to have had little influence on the genetic composition of R. nigromaculata in the study areas during the past 20 years. The low level of temporal variation might be due to the result of high dispersal abilities and wide migration range of this species.

• 동굴
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• 제68호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2005

It is a wrong decision to use only topographic and geological maps for the study of pediment morphology in Korea. For the study of pediment morphology it is necessary to survey the earth structure by field techniques. In Korea, pediments are mostly found in granite areas with hardrock cover. But, pediments also developed in gneiss areas and what is worse in limestone areas. So, all areas in Korea developed pediment morphology. Only in South Korea pediments show a direction from south to north or from west to east. They developed only in right angles to each other, either parallel or in right angles to the strike, depending on the bedrock structure. Pediments are found in two levels. The upper level pediments are correlated with the lower level erosion surface. Besides this pediments are found in Hoenggye-ri of the Taegwolryong area in a third level 800m above sea level. The pediments developed in basins, at the lower margins of steep slopes dividing three levels of erosion surfaces and around the residual mountains on the erosion surfaces. The first belong to the early stage of pedimentation, the second to the middle stage and the third to the last stage. Also, in Korea monadnock and residual mountain have developed the pediments are correlated the slope of the hinter mountains. Akagki states that the only pedimentation times have been times of arid climate and that they are dissected by gulley erosion with climatic change, but writer's study proves that pedimentation takes place with eustatic movement, reckless defore-station and convectional rain. These facts indicate that the landforms, geological character and process of erosional cycle of the pediments in Korea resemble much those in the Chugoku Mountains of south wertern Japan, but they are larger in scale than those in the Chugoku Mountains. In conclusion, while Akagki emphasizes the geological character and climatic change in pedimentation, the writer studies prove that eustatic movements, especially the sea level rise after the Wurm age are important factors for pedimentation. Besides this the author's studies allow a classification of gentle slopes.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2004

본 논문은 초기 건설공사의 리스크 관리방법론을 제시한 것으로서, 리스크식별 및 분석을 중심으로 연구를 진행하였다. 리스크식별은 초기 건설공사를 $공통공사\cdot토공사\cdot지정$ 및 기초공사로 구분하여 리스크를 규명하고 작업분류체계에 기반하여 리스크분류체계를 제안하였다. 리스크분석은 리스크분류체계를 바탕으로 퍼지추론을 이용하여 리스크인자의 위험도를 정량화하고 퍼지척도를 이용하여 리스크인자의 중요도를 산정하였으며, 이를 통합하여 상위 리스크인자의 종합위험도를 구하기 위해 퍼지적분을 이용하였다. 리스크인자의 관리 우선순위는 종합위험도로부터 결정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 리스크 관리 방법론의 타당성을 확인하기 위하여 사례적용을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 제시한 방법론이 현장 및 공사의 특성을 반영하여 리스크인자의 관리 우선순위를 결정하는데 충분히 활용할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-63
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interrelation of influential factors in organizational conflict and organizational commitment. The data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey with a structured Questionnaire to 1,167 subjects from several nursing staff members, administration staff members and medical technicians of six hospitals. In this analysis frequency test, t-test, ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation model were used. The main findings of this study are as follows. 1. Factors which influence organizational conflict were analyzed. The type of occupation and the year of service were socio-demographic variables which influenced organizational conflict positively. Adjusted R square was 0.03. Perceptions on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed with two- level variables that were added. The findings were as follows. Adjusted R square increased to 0.25. The year of service, internal process culture and rational goal culture were positive variables. The design of organizational structure, human relations culture and open system culture were negative variables. 2. Variables which influence organizational commitment were analyzed. Age and the year of service were positive variables, while academic background based on high school education was a negative variable. Adjusted R square was 0.16. Perceptions on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed with two-level variables that were added. The findings were as follows. The characteristics of organizational structure, human relations culture and organizational culture were positive variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.55. The variables of organizational conflict were added in 3 steps. Findings were as follows. The variables of hierarchical conflict showed negative influence and were included in two-level influential variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.56. 3. Structural equation model was analyzed in order to examine the relation between organizational structure and the variables of organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment. Thirteen path coefficients out of seventeen path coefficients were significant. Age had negative influence on organizational conflict and positive influence on organizational commitment. The year of service had positive influence on organizational conflict and organizational commitment. The design of organizational structure, human relations culture and open system culture had negative influence on organizational. conflict. They had positive influence on organizational commitment. Internal process culture and rational goal culture had positive influence on organizational conflict. Organizational conflict had negative influence on organizational commitment. The squared multiple correlation of this model was 25.1% in organizational conflict and 52.7% in organizational commitment. The conclusion of this study is as follows. Factors in organizational structure and organizational culture, rather than socio-demographic factors, had a stronger influence on the organizational conflict and organizational commitment of hospitals. In order to decrease organizational conflict, to increase organizational commitment and to maximize the effectiveness of hospital management, it is necessary to understand the overall relation between organizational structure, organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment, with the effort of improving personalized factors and individual factors of organization management.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.758-765
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• 2002

KITECH and ODS performed a study of internal and external noise prediction of the Korean high speed prototype test train(HSR 350X). The object of this study was 3 kinds of cars, trailer car(TT2), motorized car(TMI ) and power car(TPI) and the predicted noise was for the two different driving speeds in free field and tunnel conditions. Data of carbody design and noise sources were delivered from manufactures. Some of noise sources which were not available in the project team, were chosen by experiences of ODS. Internal noise level of each car was predicted for two cases i.e, at 300 km/h and 350 km/h. In addition sound transmission path and dominant noise sources were also investigated for each section of the car, which is circular shell typed part of whole carbody. In case of TT2, the dominating sound transmission path is the (floor in terms of structure-borne noise and air-borne noise. The main noise sources are structure-borne noise from the yaw-damper and air-borne noise from the wheel/rail contact, whereas the dominating sound transmission path of TMI are floor and sidewall below the window in terms of structure-borne noise. The main noise sources of TMI are structure-borne noise from motor/gear unit and the yaw-damper in the free field, and air-borne noise from the wheel/rail contact and structure-borne noise from motor/gear unit in the tunnel. Through the external noise prediction for the KHST test train formation, the noise form the wheel/rail contact is estimated as one of the major sources. In addition, the noise specification of sub-component was proposed for managing each sub-surpplier to reach the KHST noise requirement. The specification provide the sound power of machinery part and transmission loss of component of carbody structure. The predicted noise level in each case exceeded the required limit. Through this study, the noise characteristics of the test train were investigated by simulation, and then the actual test will be performed in near future. Both measured and calculated data will be compared and further work for noise reduction will be continued.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.917-923
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• 2002

KITECH and ODS performed a study of internal and external noise prediction of the KHST test train. The object of this study was 3 kind of cars; trailer car(TT2), motorized car(TM1) and power car(TP1) and the predicted noise was calculated for the two different driving speeds in free field and tunnel conditions. Data of carbody design and noise sources were delivered from each manufactures. Some of noise sources which were not available in project team, were chosen by experiences of ODS. Internal noise level of each car were predicted for two cases i.e, at 300 km/h and 350 km/h. In addition sound transmission path and dominant noise sources were also investigated of each section of car, which is circular shell typed part of whole carbody. In case of TT2, the dominating sound transmission path is floor in terms or structure-borne noise and air-borne noise. The main noise sources are structure-borne noise from the yaw-damper and air-borne noise from the wheel/rail contact, whereas the dominating sound transmission path of TM1 are floor and sidewall below the window in terms of structure-borne noise. The main noise sources of TM1 are structure-borne noise from motor/gear unit and the yaw-damper in the free field, and air-borne noise from the wheel/rail contact and structure-borne noise from motor/gear unit in the tunnel. Through the external noise prediction for the KHST test train formation, the noise form the wheel/rail contact is estimated as one of the major sources. In addition, the noise specification of sub-component was proposed for managing each sub-surpplier to reach the KHST noise requirement. The specification provide the sound power of machinery part and transmission loss of component of carbody structure. The predicted noise level in each case exceeded the required limit. Through this study, the noise characteristics of the test train were investigated by simulation, and then the actual test will be performed in near future. Both measured and calculated data will be compared and further work for noise reduction will be continued.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.683-696
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• 2017

In this study, the reliability of nonlinear ultrasonic modulation based fatigue crack detection is improved using a feature-level data fusion approach. When two ultrasonic inputs at two distinct frequencies are applied to a specimen with a fatigue crack, modulation components at the summation and difference of these two input frequencies appear. First, the spectral amplitudes of the modulation components and their spectral correlations are defined as individual features. Then, a 2D feature space is constructed by combining these two features, and the presence of a fatigue crack is identified in the feature space. The effectiveness of the proposed fatigue crack detection technique is experimentally validated through cyclic loading tests of aluminum plates, full-scale steel girders and a rotating shaft component. Subsequently, the improved reliability of the proposed technique is quantitatively investigated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The uniqueness of this study lies in (1) improvement of nonlinear ultrasonic modulation based fatigue crack detection reliability using feature-level data fusion, (2) reference-free fatigue crack diagnosis without using the baseline data obtained from the intact condition of the structure, (3) application to full-scale steel girders and shaft component, and (4) quantitative investigation of the improved reliability using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

• 기호학연구
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• 제57호
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• pp.211-255
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• 2018

본 논문은 한때 "노동"을 주제로 한 공론의 장에서 이슈가 되었던 웹툰 "미생"의 '다시 읽기'를 시도하였다. 주인공 장그래의 행위소 구조가 갖는 이중적 성격이 텍스트 전체에 이중적 구조를 부여하며 이는 기존 담론의 장에서 이야기되지 않았던 텍스트 의미를 발견토록 해준다는 것이 우리의 독서 가설이었다. 이는 아즈마 히로키가 그의 포스트모던 문학론에서 이야기한 '탈이야기적 캐릭터' 개념에 기초한 생각이다. 우리는 본 가설을 확인하기 위해 파리학파의 주축을 이루는 기호학자 퐁타뉴의 이론을 적용하여 작품을 분석하였다. 장그래는 발화체 층위의 주체 '캐릭터'와 발화 층위의 주체 '플레이어'로 분열된 이원적 행위소 구조를 보인다. 인물의 이러한 특징을 고려하면 본 작품은 발화체 주체와 발화 주체 간의 '연동/탈연동' 관계를 메타 픽션의 양식으로 보여주는 텍스트로 해석될 수 있다. 캐릭터 층위에서 장그래는 "결핍(현동화)"의 현존양식을 보이지만 플레이어 층위에서 장그래는 "무력감(가능화)"의 현존양식을 보인다. 그의 신체성 또한 이원적 성격을 보이는데 이를 신체-행위소 모델로 나타내면, 캐릭터 층위에서 장그래는 육적 자아와 동일성-자기가 결합된 행위소로, 플레이어 층위에서는 주로 내부수용적 지각을 담당하는 육적 자아와 자기성-자기가 결합된 행위소로 이해될 수 있다. 전자가 주로 '역할'로서 움직이며 외부수용적 지각을 담당한다면 후자는 주로 '태도'로서 움직이며 내부수용적 지각을 담당한다. 이 해리적 성격으로 인해 장그래의 두 '자기'는 환경이 요구하는 가치 체계와 개인의 독자성 사이에서 큰 갈등을 겪지 않고 가치의 재조정을 유도한다. 이는 환경과 '자기' 사이의 갈등을 겪으며 고뇌하는 다른 등장인물들과 뚜렷한 대비를 이룬다. 실효성이 의심되는 규범을 습관적으로 받아들이면 관례가 되지만 문제 제기를 하면 규범 체계는 업데이트될 수 있다. 본 작품의 한 축에는 관례 속에 매몰되어 자기를 잃어버린 인물들이 있고 다른 한 축에는 기존 규범을 해체시키고 체계를 업데이트하는 방식 외에 달리 살 수 없는 장그래가 있다. 장그래는 가치 포화의 시대, 공동체적 가치 공유가 불가능한 이 시대에 개인이 가질 수 있는 여러 가능한 현존양식 가운데 하나를 보여주는 인물이며 이러한 행위소 구조는 또한 발화체 주체보다 발화 주체에 더욱 감정이입하는 오늘날의 독자와 소통한다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.149-169
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• 1996

The Objective of this study is empirically investigating organizational/managerial factors affecting BPR implementation. The contributions of this research project are two-fold. First, this research project provides empirically tested CSFs and CFF of BPR implementation. Especially, the influence of the organizational culture, structure, and managerial support on BPR implementation were thoroughly investigated. Second, this research found the combined effects of CSF and CFF. Top management commitment, leadership style, and collaborative work environment were found to negate employee resistance to a reengineered process and lead to a successful BPR implementation, especially when the level of employee resistance is high.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1992년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문 및 초록집; 울산대학교, 울산; 01월 02일 May 1992
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• pp.332-341
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 가동준비 비용과 시간의 특수구조를 갖는 다품종 제품군이 있을때의 생산일정계획을 고려하며, 제품군 가동준비에 있어서의 작업순서간 상호의존성에 따라 일정계획 문제를 분류하고, 그 문제들을 정형화시킨다. 특히, 하나의 제품군만이 생산되어지는 작업환경에 대하여 발견적 기법을 개발하여 이를 적용한 생산계획을 마련한다. 또한, 그 결과를 정수선형 계획에 의한 최적해와 비교.분석한다.