• Language and Information
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.85-101
• /
• 2010

This paper discusses mixed agreement triggered by hybrid pronouns. Hybrid pronouns considered in this paper show number discrepancy in that they are plural in form but singular in meaning. When predicates agree with these hybrid pronouns, the puzzle of number agreement arises: finite verbs show syntactic agreement, while predicate adjectives show semantic agreement. This is explained by three factors in grammar of agreement, the feature specification of agreement controllers, the types of agreement targets, and the Agreement Marking Principle that mediates the relation of two poles of agreement, controllers and targets.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2005

A hybrid central-WENO scheme is proposed. The fifth order WENO-LF scheme is coupled with a central flux scheme at cell face. Two sub-schemes, the WENO-LF scheme and the central flux scheme, are switched by a weighting function. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed hybrid central-WENO scheme is validated through several numerical experiments.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2015

A natural hybrid of a probable intergeneric mating between the striped shiner Pungtungia herzi and the stone morocco Pseudorasbora parva (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) was captured in the Geumho River, a tributary of the Nakdong River basin in Korea. Morphological characters and DNA sequences were analyzed to verify its hybrid state and identify the parentage of its parent species. The hybrid exhibited a phenotypic intermediacy between the two parent species in the number of vertebrae and the mouth shape. Out of 1,488 base pair (bp) positions of the nuclear recombination activating gene 1 gene (rag1), which has a biparental mode of inheritance, 41-bp substitutions were detected between the two parent species, whereas an electropherogram of the hybrid displayed polymorphic double peaks at all of the base positions, along with one additional one, strongly indicating its hybrid state. Meanwhile, sequence comparison of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mt-cyb) (1,140 bp), which has a maternal mode of inheritance, showed only 5-22-bp differences (97.6-99.5% identities) between the hybrid and Pu. herzi, but as many as 158-168-bp differences (85.2-86.1% identities) between the hybrid and Ps. parva, clearly indicating Pu. herzi as the maternal species. Thus, combined analyses of independent data sets (i.e., morphology and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences) offered convincing evidence for the hybrid state of a naturally occurring hybrid resulting from intergeneric mating between a female Pu. herzi and a male Ps. parva.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2015

In order to effectively protect electrical and electronic circuits which are extremely susceptible to lightning surges, multi-stage surge protection circuits are required. This paper presents the operational characteristics of the two-stage hybrid surge protection circuit in extra-low voltage DC power lines. The hybrid surge protective device consists of the gas discharge tube, transient voltage suppressor, and series inductor. The response characteristics of the proposed hybrid surge protective device to combination waves were investigated. As a result, the proposed two-stage surge protective device to combination wave provides the tight clamping level of less than 50V. The firing of the gas discharge tube to lightning surges depends on the de-coupling inductance and the rate-of-change of the current flowing through the transient voltage suppressor. The coordination between the upstream and downstream components of the hybrid surge protective device was satisfactorily achieved. The inductance of a de-coupler in surge protective circuits for low-voltage DC power lines, relative to a resistance, is sufficiently effective. The voltage drop and power loss due to the proposed surge protective device are ignored during normal operation of the systems.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.717-726
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we study an asymmetric two-way relaying network where two source nodes intend to exchange information with the help of multiple relay nodes. A hybrid time-division broadcast relaying scheme with joint relay selection (RS) and power allocation (PA) is proposed to realize energy-efficient transmission. Our scheme is based on the asymmetric level of the two source nodes' target signal-to-noise ratio indexes to minimize the total power consumed by the relay nodes. An optimization model with joint RS and PA is studied here to guarantee hybrid relaying transmissions. Next, with the aid of our proposed intelligent optimization algorithm, which combines a genetic algorithm and a simulated annealing algorithm, the formulated optimization model can be effectively solved. Theoretical analyses and numerical results verify that our proposed hybrid relaying scheme can substantially reduce the total power consumption of relays under a traffic asymmetric scenario; meanwhile, the proposed intelligent optimization algorithm can eventually converge to a better solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2017

This study deals with the optimal design of a hybrid control system composed of a combination of active control system and passive control system for effective seismic performance improvement of two adjacent structures. The proposed hybrid control system adopts a configuration of installing an active control device in one building and connecting two adjacent structures with a passive control device so that the one-side active control force can be bi-directionally applied to both buildings through the passive connecting devices. In order to derive the optimal performance of the proposed system, the design parameters of the passive and active control systems were searched using the genetic algorithm. Numerical simulations of 10-story and 8-story buildings have been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. For the purpose of comparison, the conventional independent control system with two identical active control systems being installed separately for each structure was also optimally designed and its seismic response has been evaluated as well. From the comparative results of the two control systems, it is demonstrated that the proposed hybrid control system requires larger control force for its one-side active control device than the conventional independent control system does for each of both-side active devices, but quite less than the total control force required for both-side devices of the independent control system, while maintaining similar seismic performance. Therefore, the proposed system is more economical and reliable than the conventional independent control system with two identical active devices.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2001

One of the innate immune reactions in invertebrates is the pro-phenoloxidase (pro-PO) activation system that is involved in the generation of superoxide, melanin synthesis, and the subsequent sequestration of foreign matter entering the hemocoel of the invertebrates. However, the molecular mechanism of this biological reaction is still obscure. To expand our understanding of the biological roles of the pro-PO activation system in invertebrates, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening by using three regions of pro-PO as bait and a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library from Tenebrio molitor larvae as prey We isolated a novel partial cDNA clone that encodes a glycine-rich protein that interacted with the active phenoloxidase (termed phenoloxidase interacting protein, POIP). POIP consists of two domains: One is an N-terminal unique domain and the other is a C-terminal glycine-rich domain. The C-terminal glycine-rich domain showed sequential homology with those of insect antifungal proteins. Also, the yeast two-hybrid screen in a reverse orientation (using POIP as bait) yielded PO, suggesting that the PO-POIP interaction is specific. By using a 315 bP PCR fragment of the N-terminal unique region of POIP, we cloned the full-length cDNA of POIP from the Tenebruo cDNA library constructed by using E. coli injected larvae. The interaction analysis between PO, and a truncated fragment lacking the N-terminal unique region of POIP, indicated that the N-terminal unique region is necessary for interaction between PO and POIP. The expression level of the POIP mRNA is increased by bacterial injection into T. molitor larvae. This suggests that POIP might be engaged in the humoral defense reaction.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.13 no.2 s.32
• /
• pp.121-136
• /
• 2006

We formulate and analyze a hybrid system model that involves Volterra integral operators with multiple integrals and two types of impulsive terms. We give a constructive proof, via an iteration method, of existence and uniqueness of solutions.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.472-473
• /
• 2011

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a state space model of a two quadrant chopper and PWM inverter-fed Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drive system and its application to hybrid vehicles. The drive system has two different state equations for motoring and regenerating action. This paper presents a common state equation by using State Space Averaging method. Using this model of the IPMSM drive system, detailed simulation and controller design of the drive system, including PWM inverter switching, are given. The validity of this model and usefulness, according to a comparison among Maximum Torque/Ampere control, Maximum Torque/Flux control, and Maximum Efficiency optimization, are confirmed from simulation results.