• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.32.1-32.4
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• 2020

Background: Le Fort I osteotomy is a highly effective treatment for skeletal jaw deformities and is commonly performed. High Le Fort I osteotomy is a modified surgical procedure performed for improving the depression of the cheeks by setting the osteotomy higher than the conventional Le Fort I osteotomy. Developments in three-dimensional (3D) technology have popularized the use of 3D printers in various institutions, especially in orthognathic surgeries. In this study, we report a safe and inexpensive method of performing a high Le Fort I osteotomy using a novel 3D device and piezosurgery, which prevent tooth root injury without disturbing the operation field for patients with a short midface and long tooth roots. Results: A 17-year-old woman presented with facial asymmetry, mandibular protrusion, a short midface, and long tooth roots. We planned high Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Prevention of damage to the roots of the teeth and the infraorbital nerve and accurate determination of the posterior osteotomy line were crucial for clinical success. Le Fort I osteotomy using 3D devices has been reported previously but were particularly large in size for this case. Additionally, setting the fixing screw of the device was difficult, because of the risk of damage to the roots of the teeth. Therefore, a different surgical technique, other than the conventional Le Fort I osteotomy and 3D device, was required. The left and right parts of the 3D device were fabricated separately, to prevent any interference in the surgical field. Further, the 3D device was designed to accurately cover the bone surface from the piriform aperture to the infra-zygomatic crest with two fixation points (the anterior nasal spine and the piriform aperture), which ensured stabilization of the 3D device. The device is thin and does not interfere with the surgical field. Safe and accurate surgical performance is possible using this device and piezosurgery. The roots of the teeth and the infraorbital nerve were unharmed during the surgery. Conclusions: This device is considerably smaller than conventional devices and is a simple, low-cost, and efficient method for performing accurate high Le Fort I osteotomy.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Purpose. Natural herb has been used for traditional medicine for thousands of years. For this reason, alternative medicine methods affect to domestic animal field. The main purpose of this study was to confirm the regulated proteins after feed additive treatment. Methods. We used total thirty male pigs were used for this experiment. E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium, were used for promote enteritis. Animals were divided into a negative control group, positive control group and test group to determine the effect of an additive mixture on the changes in protein expression in serum. The pigs were given a food supplemented with a natural herbal additive containing immunoglobulin yolksac (IgY) at concentrations 1%. On the 1st week and after eight weeks of feeding, the serums were collected from each group. The changes in the serum proteome as a response to the herbal additive were examined using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results. A total of 14 differentially expressed protein spots were identified by comparing the protein profiles of the control and additive treated porcine serums. Finally, 7 proteins were detected by MALDI-TOF/MS. Moreover, the proteins detected are involved in a cholesterol control factor, inflammation regulator, Conclusion. These results support of the hypothesis that a natural herbal additive containing IgY can affect the immune regulation system and reduce the pathological process by microbial infections.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2018

The nano/micro composites with highly porous surface area have attracted of great interest, particularly the synthesis of porous and thin film sheets of high performance. In this paper, an easy method of cost-effective synthesis of thin film ceramic fiber membranes based on Hydroxyapatite, and activated carbon by turned into studied to be applied within the service-facilitated the transport of radioactive waste such as $^{90}Sr$, $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$) as activated product of radioisotopes from ETRR-2 research reactor and dissolved in 3M $HNO_3$, across a thin flat-sheet supported liquid membrane (TFSSLM). Radionuclides are transported from alkaline pH values. The presence of sodium salts in the aqueous media improves in $HNO_3$, the lowering of permeability because the initial $HNO_3$ concentration is improved. The study some parameters on the thin sheet ceramic supported liquid membrane. EDTA as stripping phase concentration, time of extraction and temperature were studied. The study of maximum permeability of radioisotopes for all parameters. The pertraction of a radioactive waste solution from nitrate medium were examined at the optimized conditions. Under the optimum experimental 98.6-99.9% of $^{90}Sr$, 79.65-80.3% of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$ 45.5-55.5% in 90-110 min with were extracted in 10-30 min, respectively. The process of diffusion in liquid membranes is governed by the chemical diffusion process.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2004

Established microleakage tests have their own disadvantages. In this study, 3D reconstruction method was tried to overcome these disadvantages. Four types of microleakage tests were used and relationships among them were estimated: penetrated dye volume: marginal adaptability: degree of dye penetration and relative penetrated length to cavity wall. Twenty-four Class V cavities were bulk filled with composite (Esthet X) following surface treatments: N group (no treatment): E group (etching only): T group (etching + Prime & Bond NT). 50% silver nitrate was used as a dye solution after thermocycling ($5^{\circ}C{\;}&{\;}55^{\circ}C$, 1.000 times). Teeth were serially ground with a thickness of 0.2 mm. Volume of dye penetration was estimated from a three-dimensionally reconstructed image with a software (3D-DOCTOR). Percentage of margin without gap was estimated from SEM and degree of dye penetration and the relative length of dye penetration to overall cavity wall were also estimated. ANOVA and Scheffe test for dye volume, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test for marginal quality, Spearman's rho test for checking of relationships among methods were used. The results were as follows: 1. Dye penetration could be seen from several directions, furthermore, its volumetric estimation was possible. 2. Reverse relationship was found between dye volume and marginal quality (r = -0.881/ p = 0.004). 3. Very low relationship was seen between dye volume and two-dimensional tests (degree of dye penetration and relative length). However, 2D evaluation methods showed high relationship (p = 0.002-0.054) each other. 4. Three times vertical section could be recommended as a 2D test.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 1990

유기 용매에 추출되는 유리형의 홍국 색소를 보다 많이 얻기 위하여 Monascus anka의 균주를 자연 및 자외선 변이균주에서 선발하고 배양 조건을 탐색하였다. 균주 N3를 Lin's medium에서 진탕 배양, Nishikawa's medium에서 정치 배양 및 진탕 배양하여 균체성장과 색소생성에 소요되는 시간, 유기용매에 추출되는 색소의 양을 비교하여 보았다. Lin's medium에서의 액침 배양에서는 수용성 색소가 우세하게 생성되는 반면 Nishikawa's medium에서의 정치 배양에서는 보다 많은 유기용매 가용성의 색소를 얻을 수 있었다. 한편 탄소원으로는 자당외에 에탄올이 가장 효과적이었다. Sterol 합성저해제를 처리하였을 때는 상당한 색소 형성의 증가를 볼 수 있었다. 이차원 TLC로써 아직 보고된 바 없는 색소들이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 이 균주의 색소중 가장 다량으로 존재하는 황색소의 하나를 분리하였고 분광학적 방법으로 ankaflavin으로 동정하였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2012

Gunshot wounds are rare in Korea, but they have tended to increase recently. We experienced an interesting case of penetrating gunshot injuries to the cervical spine with migration the fragments of the bullet within the dural sac of the cervical spine, so discuss the pathomechanics, treatment and complications of gunshot wounds to the spine and present a review of the literature. A 38-year-old man who had tried to commit suicide with a gun was admitted to our hospital with a penetrating injury to the anterior neck. the patient had quadriplegia. A Computed tomography (CT) scan and 3-dimensional CT of the spine showed destruction of the left lateral mass and lamina of the 5th cervical vertebra; the bullet and fragments were found at the level of the 5th cervical vertebra. The posterior approach was done. A total laminectomy and removal of the lateral mass of the 5th cervical vertebrae were performed, and bone fragments and pellets were removed from the spinal canal, but an intradurally retained pellets were not totally removed. A dural laceration was noted intraoperatively, and CSF leakage was observed, so dura repair was done watertightly with prolene 6-0. The dura repair site was covered with fibrin glue and Tachocomb$^{(R)}$. Immediately, a lumbar drain was done. Radiographs included a postoperative CT scan and X-rays. The postoperative neurological status of the patient was improved compared with the preoperative neurological status. however, the patients developed symptoms of menigitis. He received lumbar drainage(200~250 cc/day) and ventilator care. After two weeks, panperitonitis due to duodenal ulcer perforation was identified. Finally, the patient died because of sepsis.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2010

본 연구는 서로 다른 주파수에 따른 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)의 약제 감수성과 그에 따른 효과를 조사하였다. 소리세기를 95 dB로 고정하고 0-5,000 Hz의 서로 다른 주파수 음파를 진딧물의 전체 발육기간에 걸쳐서 처리했다. 처리 음파의 주파수 증가에 따라 진딧물의 유충에서 성충까지의 발육기간이 지연되었고，암컷 성충의 생식력을 감소시켰다. 이차원 전기영동분석 결과는 5,000 Hz의 음파로 처리된 진딧물이 대조구에 비해 체내의 단백질의 변화가 있었음을 나타냈다. 2,000 Hz 이상의 음파 처리는 이미다클로프리드 약제에 대한 진딧물의 감수성을 증가시켰다. 본 연구는 복숭아혹진딧물이 감응하는 스트레스 음파가 존재하며, 이는 이 해충의 생리적 교란을 유발한다는 것을 제시하고 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.339-352
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• 1996

Many dentists have been taken an interest in restoration of severly damaged teeth after endodontic treatment and it is a true that there are lots of studies about it. In these days, although we have used Para-Post, pins, threaded steel post, cast gold post and core, and so on, as a method of restoration frequently, it has been in controversy with the effects of them on the teeth and surrounding periodontal tissue. In this study, we assume that the crown of the upper 1st premolar was severly damaged, and after the root canal therapy, two most common types of restoration were carried out ; 1) coronal-radicular amalgam restoration, 2) after setting up the Para-Post, restore with amalgam core and gold crown. After restoration, in order to present the concentration of stress at internal portion of the tooth and the surrounding periodontal tissue, we doveloped a 2-dimensional finite element model of labiopalatal section, then loaded forces from 2 long perpendicular to the lingual incline of buccal ridge an the middle point, parallel to the long direction axis of tooth at the fossa-were applied. The analyzed results were as follows : 1. Stress of the normal first premolar was concentrated on the most weakest anatomical structure, that is, cervical area, and no stress on the bifurcated area of the canal. 2. Crown restoration after root canal therapy causes large stress concentration on the bifurcated area of the canal. This stress concentration has larger value in case of lateral movement of mandible, and there are decrease in the stress concentration compared with natural tooth. 3. Coronal-radicular amalgam restoration method transports more stress to the tooth structure than restoration using Para-Post. 4. There are more stress concentration around Para-Post in the case of lateral movement, and we have more favo rable result when restored with Para-Post. 5. Generally, stress in the lateral movement is larger than stress in the perpendicular load.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 1987

Bradyrhizobium japonicum ROKS 26 균주를 glycine및 Iysozyme을 처리하여 spheroplast를 형성시킨 후 Agrobacterium tumefaciens에서 분리한 Ti plasmid를 분리하여 형질전환 시키고 octopine 영양 요구성에 의하여 transformants를 분리하였다. 그 결과 Ti plasmid가 도입된 transformants의 형질전환율은 $1{\times}10^{-7}$ 정도 되었다. 얻어진 transformant의 plasmid를 조사한 결과 도입된 Ti plasmid 존재가 확인되었으며, 2차원 전기영동법으로 균체 단백질을 분석한 결과 수용세포인 Bredyrhizobium japonicum ROKS 26과 transformant간의 단백질 구성 차이도 화인되었다. 또한 transformant의 근류 형성력을 조사한 결과 본래의 근류의근류형성력을 가지고 있었으나, crown gall형성에 있어서는 Agrobacterium tumefaciens 15955에 의한 gall보다는 크기에 있어 차이가 있었다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.185-200
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• 2014

The objective of the present simulations is to evaluate the applicability of the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model in engineering practice in the subcritical to supercritical flow regimes. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of flow around a circular cylinder at $Re=1{\times}10^5$, $5{\times}10^5$ and $1{\times}10^6$, had been performed using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations with the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. Solution verification had been studied by evaluating grid and time step size convergence. For each Reynolds number, several meshes with different grid and time step size resolutions were chosen to calculate the hydrodynamic quantities such as the time-averaged drag coefficient, root-mean square value of lift coefficient, Strouhal number, the coefficient of pressure on the downstream point of the cylinder, the separation angle. By comparing the values of these quantities of adjacent grid or time step size resolutions, convergence study has been performed. Solution validation is obtained by comparing the converged results with published numerical and experimental data. The deviations of the values of present simulated quantities from those corresponding experimental data become smaller as Reynolds numbers increases from $1{\times}10^5$ to $1{\times}10^6$. This may show that the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model with enhanced wall treatment appears to be applicable for higher Reynolds number turbulence flow.