• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2022

In the current research, the thermal buckling characteristics of the bi-directional functionally graded nano-scale tapered beam on the basis of a couple of nonlocal Eringen and classical beam theories are scrutinized. The nonlocal governing equation and associated nonlocal boundary conditions are constructed using the conservation energy principle, and the resulting equations are solved using the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). The mechanical characteristics of the produced material are altered along both the beam length and thickness direction, indicating that it is a two-dimensional functionally graded material (2D-FGM). It is thought that the nanostructures are defective because to the presence of porosity voids. Finally, the obtained results are used to design small-scale sensors and make an excellent panorama of developing the production of nanostructures.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 풍력 블레이드와 같이 세장비가 크고 초기 비틀림이 존재하는 복합재료로 구성된 블레이드에 대한 이차원 단면의 차원축소와 복원관계를 이론적으로 기술하였다. 그리고 VABS 이용한 보의 차원축소모델에 대한 유효성을 검증하기 위해 선행연구 모델을 활용하여 기존 연구결과를 수치적으로 비교하였다. 실물과 가장 가까운 날개 구조물 2차원 형상에 단면해석을 적용하여 정밀한 단면의 이산화를 수행하고 VABS를 이용하여 블레이드의 특성(질량행렬, 강성행렬)을 포함한 1차원 보 모델링을 수행하였다. 1차원 보 모델을 통해 세장비가 큰 날개 구조물의 거동을 확인하고 내부하중을 계산하여 단면위치에서 변형률 복원을 수치적으로 계산하고 이산화된 단면에 수치적으로 매핑하여 시각적으로 확인하고 여유마진을 계산하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.355-374
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• 2016

This paper presents and compares a one-dimensional (1D) bending theory for piezoelectric thin beam-type structures with resistive-inductive electrodes to ANSYS$^{(R)}$ three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. In particular, the lateral deflections and vibrations of slender piezoelectric beams are considered. The peculiarity of the piezoelectric beam model is the modeling of electrodes in such a manner that is does not fulfill the equipotential area condition. The case of ideal, perfectly conductive electrodes is a special case of our 1D model. Two-coupled partial differential equations are obtained for the lateral deflection and for the voltage distribution along the electrodes: the first one is an extended Bernoulli-Euler beam equation (second-order in time, forth order in space) and the second one the so-called Telegrapher's equation (second-order in time and space). Analytical results of our theory are validated by 3D electromechanically coupled FE simulations with ANSYS$^{(R)}$. A clamped-hinged beam is considered with various types of electrodes for the piezoelectric layers, which can be either resistive and/or inductive. A natural frequency analysis as well as quasi-static and dynamic simulations are performed. A good agreement between the extended beam theory and the FE results is found. Finally, the practical relevance of this type of electrodes is shown. It is found that the damping capability of properly tuned resistive or resistive-inductive electrodes exceeds the damping performance of beams, where the electrodes are simply linked to an optimized impedance.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.465-478
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• 2002

This study lays emphasis on the development of efficient analytical models for a multistory structure with wings, including the in-plane deformation of floor slabs. For this purpose, a multistory structure with wings is regarded as the combination of multistory structures with rectangular plan and their junctions. In addition, a multistory structure with a rectangular plan is considered to be an assemblage of two-dimensional frames and floor slabs connecting two adjacent frames at each floor level. This modeling, concept can be easily applied to multistory structures with plans in the shape of L, T, Y, U, H, etc. To represent the in-plane deformation of floor slabs efficiently, a two-dimensional frame and the floor slab connecting two adjacent frames at each floor level are modeled as a stick model with two degrees of freedom per floor and a stiff beam with shear deformations, respectively. Three models are used to investigate the effect of in-plane deformation of the floor slab at the junction of wings on the seismic behavior of structures. Based on the comparison of dynamic analysis results obtained using the proposed models and three-dimensional finite element models, it could be concluded that the proposed models can be used as an efficient tool for an approximate analysis of a multistory structure with wings.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1999

It has been known that spray characteristics have an important effect on the mixture formation and directly influence the engine performances and the emissions. Up to now, the measurement of droplet size is well developed such as PDPA and PMAS though the behavior of small droplets during secondary atomization is not clear. Particle image velocimetry(PIV), a planar measuring technique, is a very efficient tool for studying complicated behavior and a fast and reliable method to track numerous droplets during injection. In this study, two-color scanning PIV is designed to obtain quasi-instantaneous two dimensional velocity data by using he-ion laser, rotating mirror and beam splitter. This PIV method which has high temporal and spatial resolution provides the information about the small complex droplet behavior.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.908-913
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• 2002

An analytical study is presented on the hydroelastic vibration of two rectangular identical plates coupled with a bounded fluid by using the finite Fourier series expansion method. It is observed that the two contrastive modes, the so called the out-of-phase and in-phase modes appear. The proposed analytical method is verified by observing a good agreement to three dimensional finite element analysis results. All natural frequency of the in-phase modes can be predicted well by the combination of the dry beam modes. The theoretical prediction for the out-of-phase mode can be improved by using the polynomial functions satisfying the plate boundary conditions and fluid volume conservation instead of using dry beam modes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.261-276
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• 2002

A novel, 6-node, two-dimensional mixed finite element (FE) model has been developed to analyze laminated composite beams by using the minimum potential energy principle. The model has been formulated by considering four degrees of freedom (two displacement components u, w and two transverse stress components ${\sigma}_z$, $\tau_{xz}$) per node. The transverse stress components have been invoked as nodal degrees of freedom by using the fundamental elasticity equations. Thus, the present mixed finite element model not only ensures the continuity of transverse stress and displacement fields through the thickness of the laminated beams but also maintains the fundamental elasticity relationship between the components of stress, strain and displacement fields throughout the elastic continuum. This is an important feature of the present formulation, which has not been observed in various mixed formulations available in the literature. Results obtained from the model have been shown to be in excellent agreement with the elasticity solutions for thin as well as thick laminated composite beams. A few results for a cross-ply beam under fixed support conditions are also presented.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.2689-2696
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• 2015

방사선 진단에 사용되는 방사성동위원소 중 사이클로트론을 이용해 생산되는 방사성동위원소는 사이클로트론에서 인출된 양성자 빔이 타겟에 조사될 때 빔의 크기와 모양, 조사되는 위치에서 빔 균일 정도에 따라 생산 수율에 영향을 받는다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사이클로트론 빔 라인에서 빔의 단면을 측정할 수 있는 BPM(Beam Profile Monitor)장치를 개발하였다. LabView로 BPM장치를 원격 제어할 수 있도록 구성하였으며 BPM 프로그램을 이용하여 X축과 Y축으로 텅스텐 와이어를 스캔하면서 얻은 빔의 수치 정보를 2차원 그래프와 3차원 빔 분포 그래프로 표시하여 해석을 쉽게 모니터링 할 수 있도록 하였다. 빔을 측정하는 데 걸리는 시간은 스텝 모터 구동 속도가 2000pps일 때 37초가 걸린다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 측정된 빔 분포정보를 기반으로 빔 재조정을 통해 빔 분포를 최적화함으로써 방사성동위원소 생산 수율을 극대화 시킬 수 있고 공급 안정화에도 기여하리라 본다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this article is to review the current status of dental caries diagnosis using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods : An online PubMed search was performed to identify studies on caries research using CBCT. Results : Despite its usefulness, there were inherent limitations in the detection of caries lesions through conventional radiograph mainly due to the two-dimensional (2D) representation of caries lesions. Several efforts were made to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) image of lesion, only to gain little popularity. Recently, CBCT was introduced and has been used for diagnosis of caries in several reports. Some of them maintained the superiority of CBCT systems, however it is still under controversies. Conclusion : The CBCT systems are promising, however they should not be considered as a primary choice of caries diagnosis in everyday practice yet. Further studies under more standardized condition should be performed in the near future.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.2297-2304
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• 2002

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element methods have been used to analyze the deformation behavior of a shadow mask due to thermal and tension load. The shadow mask inside the Braun tube of a TV set has numerous slits through which the electron beams are guided to land on the designed phosphor of red, green or blue. Its thermal deformation therefore causes landing shift of the electron beam and results in decolorization of a screen. For the realistic finite element analysis, the effective thermal conductivity and the effective elastic modulus arc calculated, and then the shadow mask is modeled as shell without slits. Next a transient thermal analysis of the shadow mask is performed, wherein thermal radiation is a major heat transfer mechanism. Analysis of the resulting thermal deformation is followed, from which the landing shift of the electron beam is obtained. The present finite element scheme may be efficiently used to reduce thermal deformation of a shadow mask and in developing prototypes of a large screen flat TV.