• 임상간호연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diet education on nutritional status in patients with gastrectomy. Method: This study was designed with a nonequivalent control group pre-post test. Ten patients were assigned to the experimental group and fifteen were assigned to the control group. The experiemental group was given the diet education by multimedia including complications after gastrectomy, the way of how to prevent these complications, precautions that patients need to be follow, and food that patients should and shouldn't eat. Data were analysed with a $x^2$-test(Fisher' exact test) and Independent sample t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA, using SPSS WIN 15.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in weight, daily caloric intake, knowledge score between experimental and control group. However, there was a no significant difference in blood profile(albumin, total protein, hemoglobin) between two groups. Conclusion: This study shows that the diet education with multimedia could improve nutritional status for the patients who had gastrectomy.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency applied using transcutaneous electrodes in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: After randomization, the patients received two cycles of noninvasive pulsed radiofrequency (NiPRF), once weekly, or splinting (the control group) for three months. Clinical evaluations were recorded at baseline and weeks 4 and 8. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) was used to determine the functional status and symptom severity. Results: Sixty-two patients were followed up for three months. There was no difference between the groups in the BCTQ scores before and after treatment. The NiPRF group found a significant difference between the BCTQ measurements at all time intervals (paired sample t-test; P < 0.001). In the splint group, there was a significant difference only between the basal-1st month and basal-3rd month (paired samples t-test; P < 0.001). The main effect of the time variable was statistically significant (ANOVA; P < 0.001), but the group variable was not. There was no correlation between the BCTQ results measured at any time and the electroneuromyelogragphy findings in either group. Conclusions: NiPRF effectively improves symptoms and functionality in patients with CTS for up to 3 months. Thus, NiPRF can be considered an easy, safe, and useful alternative treatment modality for CTS.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2007

The purposes of the present study were to determine the difference of functional outcome, and to identify factors associated with functional difference in patients with stroke. The sample consisted of 56 stroke patients who had received physical therapy at the physical therapy unit of the Dongeui Medical Center in Busan city between January 2000 and June 2002. Stroke patients were evaluated by physical therapists 3 times; The first day in physical therapy (PT) (T1), one month after the first day in PT (T2), and two months after the first day in PT (T3). Functional status was assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) instrument, a validated instrument for documenting the severity of disability and assessing the outcome of rehabilitation treatment. Functional gain was calculated over T2-T1, T3-T1, and T3-T2. SAS statistical software was used for the analysis. The Student's t-test, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA/Tukey and Scheffe), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to examine the functional difference in variables. Repeated measures ANOVA was also used to analyze the functional difference by time (T1, T2, and T3). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on the difference of functional outcome as defined by the FIM score. A total of 56 stroke patients were evaluated, their average age${\pm}$standard deviation was $61.6{\pm}9.3$ years (range: 40~81 yr). The functional status of patients who received physical therapy for about 2~3 months was significantly improved (mean FIM scores, $20.5{\pm}1.8$, $28.9{\pm}1.9$, and $8.41{\pm}1.1$ points for each time period, respectively) (p<.0001). Diabetes was significantly associated with the FIM score for T2-T1 (p<.05). The type of diagnosis was significantly associated with the FIM score for T3-T1 (p<.05). Gender, smoking, and the FIM score on admission were significantly associated with the FIM score for T3-T2 (p<.05). In conclusion, gender, smoking, diabetes, the type of diagnosis, and the FIM score on admission were significantly associated with improved FIM scores. We recommend that further research should explore the functional outcome by using larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and more sensitive assessment instruments.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2022

This paper investigated computationally and experimentally the interaction here between a notch as well as a micropore under uniaxial compression. Brazilian tensile strength, uniaxial tensile strength, as well as biaxial tensile strength are used to calibrate PFC2d at first. Then, uniaxial compression test was conducted which they included internal notch and micro pore. Experimental and numerical building of 9 models including notch and micro pore were conducted. Model dimensions of models are 10 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm. Joint length was 2 cm. Joints angles were 30°, 45° and 60°. The position of micro pore for all joint angles was 2cm upper than top of the joint, 2 cm upper than middle of joint and 2 cm upper than the joint lower tip, discreetly. The numerical model's dimensions were 5.4 cm × 10.8 cm. The fractures were 2 cm in length and had angularities of 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The pore had a diameter of 1 cm and was located at the top of the notch, 2 cm above the top, 2 cm above the middle, and 2 cm above the bottom tip of the joint. The uniaxial compression strength of the model material was 10 MPa. The local damping ratio was 0.7. At 0.016 mm per second, it loaded. The results show that failure pattern affects uniaxial compressive strength whereas notch orientation and pore condition impact failure pattern. From the notch tips, a two-wing fracture spreads almost parallel to the usual load until it unites with the sample edge. Additionally, two wing fractures start at the hole. Both of these cracks join the sample edge and one of them joins the notch. The number of wing cracks increased as the joint angle rose. There aren't many AE effects in the early phases of loading, but they quickly build up until the applied stress reaches its maximum. Each stress decrease was also followed by several AE effects. By raising the joint angularities from 30° to 60°, uniaxial strength was reduced. The failure strengths in both the numerical simulation and the actual test are quite similar.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.80-94
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research is the investigation of the effects between acupuncture group(control group) and NURIEYE-1 group (experimental group) in myopia Methods : Comparison clinical study was conducted with the randomly arranged 32 patients for acupuncture group(control group) and NURIEYE-1 group(experimental group). For effectiveness evaluation, eye sight test, MQOL and DITI were tested three times with visits for every 4 weeks. With SAS, Statistical analysis was performed by using paired t-test and two sample t-test. Statistical significance was achieved with less than 5% probability (p<0.05). Result : 1. There was no significant effect from the eye sight comparison between the two group. We had improved results in average with MQOL, however, there was no statistical significance. Though there was also no significant result with DITI average comparison between two group, we witnessed significant effect in some part of MQOL. 2. Nevertheless Periodical comparison test showed weak significance with eye sight and DITI, significant effect was found in some part of MQOL. 3. With periodical comparison tests, there were significant effects in eye sight, MQOL and DITI with the experimental groups and control groups, respectively. Conclusion : There was no significant eye sight improvement. However, with acupuncture point stimulation, we think there are some positive effects for the relaxation of excessive stress in eyes.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recongnition, the tendency of preferences, and the needs of the future residents from the current diversified apartment, and to plan the desirable interior space for the near future apartment based on the results of investigation. The questionnaire survey was used for this study. The sample was taken from 155 female college students. The results were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, X2-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The major findings in this survey were summarized as follows; 1. The majority people wanted diversified interior space. 2. The first majority(23.9%) wanted to choose their own interior image. The second majority(17.8%) wanted to have a inner garden and the third majority(17.2%) wanted to have two story apartment. 3. 35.7% of the respondants survey wanted to have a home-office space. Finally, various diversified apartment plans were suggested for the future.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.581-581
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to search non-invasive and reproductive pulp test. Temperature of the crown surface was measured using the infrared thermography, and the pulp test was investigated with difference of crown temperature of the vital and the non-vital tooth in vitro and in vivo. Twenty extracted human maxillary central incisors were used in this study. Two sample teeth after access cavity preparation were arranged setting with one pair. Then, the each tooth wes estimated as the vital and the non-vital tooth.(중략)

• 핵의학기술
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2021

[목 적] 의료기관의 핵의학 검사실에서 신규검사를 도입하거나 사용하던 시약을 변경하게 되는 경우 절차에 따라 검사의 특성이 분석되고 시약에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 그러나 요구되어지는 비교실험을 모두 수행하기 위해서는 몇 가지 필요한 조건이 충족되어야 하는데, 첫째 각 검사별로 수행하기에 충분한 검체량이 준비되어야하며, 둘째 비교실험에 적용 가능한 다양한 시약의 공급이 가능해야한다. 충분한 비교실험이 이루어졌다고 하더라도 변경된 시약에 의한 데이터 변동이 전체 환자데이터 변동을 의미하는 것에는 한계가 있으므로 검사실에서 시약이 변경되는 것에 대한 부담이 있다. 이러한 다양한 어려움으로 검사실에서의 시약변경은 제한적으로 이루어지고 있다. 본원에서는 원할한 경쟁 입찰을 도입하기 위하여 검사별로 radioimmunoassay(RIA)시약을 전수조사하고 비교실험을 통해 검사실에서 사용가능한 시약범위를 설정하였다. 이 과정을 공유하고자 하였다. [대상 및 방법] 본원 핵의학 검체 검사실에서 시행하고 있는 검사는 위탁검사를 제외하고 총 20종목이다. 각각의 검사별로 외부정도관리와 기관간 정도관리 결과보고서를 참고로 사용가능한 RIA시약을 전수 조사하였고, 각 시약에 대한 메뉴얼을 확보하였다. 각각의 시약마다 메뉴얼을 확인하여 검사 방법과 incubation시간, 검사 시 필요한 검체량, 시약량 등을 확인하여 본 검사실에서 사용가능한지 여부에 따라 시약 1차 선정을 하였다. 1차 선정된 시약을 100 test기준으로 2 kit씩 공급받아 데이터 상관성시험, 민감도, 회수율, 희석시험을 진행하였고, 비교실험 결과에 따라 시약을 2차 선정하였다. 1, 2차 선정을 통과한 시약을 경쟁 입찰리스트로 제출하였다. 검사 시약을 단수로 지정할 경우에는 1차, 2차 선정 과정에서 얻은 자료로 단수지정 사유서를 작성하였다. [결 과] 각각의 시약마다 매뉴얼을 확인하여 시약 1차 선정에서 제외되는 경우는 각 검사의 현재 Turn Around Time(TAT)보다 길어지는 경우와 검사 시 사용 시약량이 많아 장비사용이 불가능한 경우였다. 1차 선정에서 사용가능한 시약이 1개인 경우는 5종목 squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC Ag), 𝛽-human chorionic gonadotropin(𝛽-HCG), vitamin B12, folate, free testosterone 이었고, 2개인 경우는 8종목 (CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, ferritin, thyroglobulin antibody(TG Ab), microsomal antibody(Mic Ab), thyroid stimulating hormone-receptor-antibody(TSH-R-Ab), calcitonin), 3개인 경우는 5종목(triiodothyronine(T3), Free T3, Free T4, TSH, intact parathyroid hormone(intact PTH)), 4개인 경우는 2종목(carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), TG)이었다. 2차 최종 선정결과 사용가능한 시약이 3개인 것은 T3, Free T3, Free T4, TSH, CEA, 2개인 것은 TG Ab, Mic Ab, TSH-R-Ab, CA125, CA72-4, intact PTH, calcitonin이었다. 단수 지정된 종목은 ferritin, TG, CA19-9, SCC, 𝛽-HCG, vitamin B12, folate, free testosterone이었다. 2차 선정에서 제외된 사유에는 비교실험을 위한 시약공급이 안된 경우와 데이터 재현성에 문제가 있었던 경우, 데이터 변동에 대한 수용이 불가능하다고 판단되는 경우였다. 비교실험 시 가장 문제가 되는 부분은 검체 수집이었다. 검사건수가 많고 검사 시 필요한 검체량이 적은 경우에는 문제가 되지 않았지만, 검사건수가 적은 경우(월 100건 이하)에는 다양한 농도 검체를 수집하기가 어려웠으며, 한번 검사 시 필요한 검체량이 상대적으로 많은 경우(100 uL이상)에는 회수율시험을 진행하기가 어려웠다. 또한 민감도 측정이나 희석시험을 위한 희석액이나 표준액0 물질이 부족한 경우도 문제점 중의 하나였다. [결 론] 검사시약 변경을 위한 비교실험 시 다양하고 충분한 검체 수집을 위해 적정한 준비기간이 필요하다. 또한 1회 검사 시 필요한 검체량 및 시약량에 따라 비교실험 시 필요한 총 검체량, 시약량 범위를 설정해 놓는다면 비교실험을 진행할 때마다 검체 수집과 실험계획을 세우는 데 부담이 줄어들 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.902-912
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• 2010

This study compares and contrasts the consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) of South Korean and American Generation Y females. A total of 117 American female and 206 Korean female consumers completed self-report survey questionnaires to assess their consumer decision making styles. Exploratory principal components factor analysis using varimax rotation was used to categorize the items into an underlying set of American and Korean decision-making characteristics. Two-tailed independent t-tests were conducted to examine the differences between the two groups when items appeared to have common factors. Factor analysis identified five common factors between the two samples (i.e., enjoyment, shopping aversion, price consciousness, brand consciousness, and quality consciousness). The t-test results report significant differences in the items reported in each factor between American and Korean females. Some of the factors are more indicative of American female Generation Y consumers than Korean female Generation Y consumers. For example, the American female sample seemed to enjoy shopping and prefer brand names more than the female Korean sample. Koreans females seem to have a higher aversion to shopping than Americans; in addition, Koreans females seem to be more accepting of discount and outlet stores, will wait until the price is low before buying a product, and prefer sales when shopping. Based on the findings, the instrument identified varying CDMS between the two samples used. Previous studies using the Sproles and Kendall (1986) instrument experienced the same issue (Bakewell & Mitchell, 2004, 2006; Bauer et al., 2006; Durvasula et al., 1996; Fan & Xiao, 1998; Hanzaee & Aghasibeig, 2008; Mitchell & Walsh, 2004; Siu et al., 2001; Walsh et al., 2001). The results support the idea that no single instrument can be used to examine CDMS in different cultures. This suggests that each country has a CDMS with internal characteristics. Limitations and research for future studies are also discusse.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.159-184
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• 2006

Lately, the rapid social and family system change, the entrance examination-centered circumstance in education have a negative influence not only on making up the affirmative self-esteem but also on building up the personal relationship through mutual communication with friends of the same age. Making children adapt well to school life and develop a good relationship in the class is an important subject in educational field. Thus, various school activities should offer lots of opportunities to increase their affirmative self-esteem and more specified performance-centered programs are required toform a harmonious relationship among parties of students. The purpose of this study is to improve an affirmative self-esteern and a desirable personal relationship of children through developing friend-praise program and adapting it to children. Based on the above purpose, the following subjects for this study 'are suggested. Firstly, is the friend-praise program effective in forming an affirmative self-esteem of elementary students? Secondly, is the friend-praise program successful in improving a desirable personal relationship in an elementary school? In addition, two hypotheses of study are decided on the basis of theoretical background and the former study. Hypothesis 1. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem. Hypothesis 2. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship. In order to improve the above hypotheses, the experiment was carried out with two classes on the fourth grade in M elementary school in Wonju with being divided into one experimental group and the other comparative group. The friend-praise program which was adapted to the experimental group was composed with four steps as 'introduction', 'preparation', 'operation' and 'closing'. This program which has twelve categories was executed once or twice in a week and each class was continued for forty or sixty minutes. Contrastively, comparative group had no application of the main program. For the purpose of proving the hypotheses after adapting the program to students, I have executed both self-esteem test and personal relationship test. The tests were performed with using SPSS/Windows V10.0 and the statistic was conducted through independant sample t-test for the difference between groups and contrastive sample t-test for the individual difference in each group. The results of this study can be summarized like the followings: Firstly, from the result of previous and after tests, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of self-esteem(t=-4.496, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=-3.216, p=.003), social self-esteem(t=-2.680, p=.012), homely self-esteem(t=-3.732, p=.001), and school self-esteem(t=-3.902, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. At the same time, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in self-esteem(t=-4.758, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=2.581, p=.017), social self-esteem(t=3.160, p=.003), homely self-esteem(t=4.283, p=.000), and school self-esteem(t=4.110, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. As a result of this experiment, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem was proved. Secondly, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of personal relationship(t=-4.131, p=.000). Specifically, satisfaction(t=-2.113, p=.045), communication(t=-3.381, p=.002), confidence(t=-3.517, p=.001), intimacy(t=-3.958, p=.000), sensibility(t=-2.955, p=.006), openness(t=-4.318, p=.000) and interest(t=-2.941, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. In the same instant, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in all categories of personal relationship(t=3.897, p=.000). Especially, satisfaction(t=2.257, p=.003), communication(t=3.527, p=.001), confidence(t=3.704, p=.001), intimacy(t=3.904, p=.000), sensibility (t=4.382, p=.000), openness(t=2.648, p=.013) and interest(t=2.944, p=.006) showed a meaningful difference. Accordingly, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship was proved. Judging from all these results, we should provide primary students with various opportunities to take part in active programs which help them to set up their righteous sense of value, to solve their own problems and to develop their potentials. Consequently, many kinds of practice-centered program like the friend-praise program should be developed more systematically and teachers should apply all those programs to students according to their individual level and developmental stage.