• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2010

Particle removal is an important step taken at water treatment plants (WTPs) for the safety of tap water due to its proportionality to the pathogen inactivation. Government promulgated a treatment technique for the optimization of filtration including continuous turbidity monitoring using on-line turbidimeters. Based on the turbidity measurements of 460 filters at 31 WTPs operated by K-water, the evaluation of filtration performance and the investigation of major causes related to particle breakthrough were explored. 98.1 % of the filters had an effluent turbidity measurement which was less than 0.1 NTU, but turbidity breakthrough of more than 0.3 NTU was noticed occasionally which is in violation of AWWA 5-Star guidelines. It was shown that the optimization of coagulation, filter-to-waste, the observance of optimal filtration velocity and backwashing process based on filtrate turbidity were crucial for the improvement of filtrate.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1997

Conventional sedimentation method has some limitations for turbidity removal in water treatment because drinking water sources are getting polluted. Removal rates of turbidity using DAF and sedimentation process were compared for various water conditions to know whether DAF is effective to improve sedimentation process. Water samples were clay(gravity 2.65) water 100mg/l, H raw water, mixed water of H raw water and clay 100mg/l, and mixed water of HA(Humic Acid) 5mg/l and clay 100mg/l. Other parameters were temperature, coagulants(Alum, $FeCl_3$), and treatment time. Water temperature greatly affected in removal rates of turbidity for sedimentation and DAF. Generally DAF was more effective in removal rates of turbidity than sedimentation at the same experimental condition. Removal rates of $UV_{254}$ were high to over 90%, and independent of temperature and coagulant.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2011

본 연구는 물과 토양에서 pH와 상등액을 변화 시켜었을 때 인과 탁도의 행태에 관해 연구 하였다. 탁도의 인 용출율은 pH 4 이하 또는 pH 7 이상일 때 증가 되었고, 토양으로 부터 탁도 발생율은 pH가 증가하면 증가하며, pH 4 보다 커지면 급격히 상승한 후 pH 6 이상에서 안정화된다. 용존성인은 2-24시간까지 증가 후 안정화 됐고, 탁도 역시 24 시간까지 정점에 도달한 후 96시간까지 감소됨. 시료상 등수를 교체를 하면 용존성인과 탁도는 감소한다. 시료를 pH 6에서 pH 10으로 증가시키고, 상등액 교체를 1회에서 4회로 동시에 증가시킬 때 용존성인과 탁도의 행태는 유사하다. 이 결과로 용존성인과 탁도는 pH와 직접적인 연관이 있다고 사료되며, 호수는 pH 7-10 정도이기 때문에 이 결과는 대단히 중요하다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the backwashing frequency and method on the Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in G WTP. A backwashing period was determined as 50 days and 60 days, respectively. Prior to Backwashing by head loss build, biomass concentration in effluent as constant and DO concentration was maintained more than 11.5 mg/L in GAC bed. Peak turbidity of backwashing water was 73.6~303 NTU. Mean turbidity of backwashing water at initial 9 minute of backwash operation was 50.7~82.8 NTU. After 30 minute backwashing operation, final turbidity reaches approximately 10 NTU. The frequency of backwashing and turbidity of backwashing water overtime were evaluated. At 20days of backwashing frequency, the peak turbidity was 73 NTU and 42 NTU respectively when 10% and 25% of expansion of GAC were applied. At 14 minute of backwashing time, it was observed that turbidity of 10% expansion of GAC was higher than that of 20% expansion.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.644-650
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 고탁도 원수의 효율적인 처리를 위해 수평류식 핀 부착 경사판(HFIP)을 설치하여 그에 따른 적용성을 평가하는데 목적을 두었다. 실험결과는 저탁도 원수 유입의 경우 HFIP 적용 후에 0.34 NTU의 방류수질과 90.45%의 제거효율을 나타냈다. 고탁도 원수의 경우에는 0.75 NTU의 방류수질과 97.27%의 제거효율을 나타냈다. 방류수질 안정성 측면에서는 HFIP 적용 후 0.12 NTU(저탁도 원수), 0.75 NTU(고탁도 원수)의 표준편차를 보였으며, 설치 전과 비교하여 방류수질 변동 폭이 상당히 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 HFIP 설치로 인해 수류 속도 분포의 안정화와 침강효율이 증가하였기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2007

Slow sand filtrations have been widely used for water treatment in small communities, however their capacity is often limited by high turbidity in the raw water. For this reason, several pre-treatment facilities were required for a slow sand filter. Turbidity removal from the highly turbid raw water was investigated in roughing filters as a pre-treatment process. The roughing filters followed by rapid mixing tank were operated in the form of a contact filtration. In several jar tests, the predetermined optimum aluminium sulfate (alum) doses for turbid water of 30 and 120NTU were 30 and 50mg/L, respectively. At the optimum alum dose, physically optimum parameters including G value of $220sec^{-1}$ and rapid mixing time of 3 minutes were applied to the contact filtration system. Without addition of alum, the filtrate turbidity from the roughing filters, packed respectively with different media such as sand, porous diatomite ball and gravel, was in the range of 5~30NTU at filtration velocities of 30 and 50m/day. However, the application of a contact filtration to roughing filters showed stably lower filtrate turbidity below 1.0NTU at filtration velocity of 30 m/day. Although the filtration velocity increased to 50m/day, filtrate turbidity was still below 1.0NTU in both single and double layer roughing filters. At influent turbidity of 120NTU, the filtrate turbidity was over 5 NTU in the triple layer roughing filter, which shortened the filter run time. The flocs larger than $10{\mu}m$, formed in the rapid mixing tank, were almost captured through the roughing filter bed, while the almost flocs smaller than $10{\mu}m$ remained in filtrate.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.269-272
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• 2002

Turbidity currents, often develop after heavy storm events, deliver various non-point pollutants and tend to lead eutrophication, depressed dissolved oxygen, and sedimentation in reservoirs. Field observations were performed to investigate the flow regimes of turbidity currents and their impact on reservoir water quality in Daecheong Reservoir. A 2D laterally-averaged hydrodynamic and water quality model was applied to simulate the temporal and spatial distributions of turbidity in the reservoir, and evaluated by comparing with the field data.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

원활한 용수공급과 정수장의 효율적이고 경제적인 설계 유지 관리를 위해서 한강수계에 위치하고 있는 두 광역정수장의 원수탁도와 수문자료간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 광역정수장의 취수원인 댐의 유입유량, 방류량, 강우를 수문자료로서 활용하였으며, 상관관계 분석을 위해서는 상관분석과 주성분분석 기법을 이용하였다. 또한, 탁도변화를 예측할 수 있는 회귀식을 제안하여 탁도 변화 예측을 수행하였다. 충주정수장의 원수탁도는 충주댐의 방류량(0.708)과 와부정수장의 원수탁도는 팔당댐의 유입량(0.805)과 높은 상관성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 상관성이 높은 시계열자료를 이용하여 제안한 회귀식의 탁도 예측치는 상수도시설기준에서 제시하고 있는 원수탁도 산정방법을 이용한 경우와 유사한 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 장래의 원수탁도를 예측하여 추가적인 정수장 건설 및 기존 정수장의 효율적인 유지 관리를 위한 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제36권3호통권104호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2003

하천형 저수지 (팔당호)에서 탁도의 변동과 탁수에 포함된 입자의 분포를 파악하기 위해 1999${\sim}$2001년동안 일 모니터링 하였다. 수중 탁도와 탁수의 입자 분포는 강우 패턴의 기후학적 요인과 유입${\cdot}$방류량의 수문학적요인 영향이 중요하게 작용하였다. 탁도의 연 평균 농도는 매년 비슷하였고, 연중 10 NTU 이하는 85.0%를 차지하였다. < 5 NTU는 겨울철${\sim}$봄철에, 5${\sim}$10 NTU범위는 가을철에, > 20 NTU이상은 여름철에 우점하는 계절적 특성이 뚜렷하였다. 탁도의 최대값은 7월 하순${\sim}$8월 초순에 발생하였고, 수문 변동과 달리 1999년에서 2001년으로 갈수록 증가하였다. 특히, 2001년에 저수지의 최대탁도는 하류로 갈수록 더욱 증가하는 양상이 현저하였다. 또한, 1999년에는 유량과 탁도가 완만하게 증감되었으나, 2000년과 2001년에는 초기에 급격하게 증가한 후 유량이 커지면서 감소하는 패턴을 보였다. 탁수의 입자는 전 정점에서 clay성분으로 갈수록 분포가 더욱 조밀하였을 뿐만 아니라 차지하는 비율도 높았다. 탁수에서clay는 63.9${\sim}$66.6%, silt는 33.4${\sim}$36.1% 범위로서 총 입자수의 98.9${\sim}$100%범위를 차지하였고, sand는 1.1%이내이었다. 하천형 저수지에서 수중 탁도는 비강우기에 플랑크톤의 생물량에 의한 영향을 많이 받으나 강우기에는 토양 성분을 근간으로 하는 무기입자의 양과 상대적 비율이 매우 우세한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of raw water pH and basicity of coagulants on turbidity removal with several raw waters having different level of turbidity, alkalinity and pH. Raw waters were sampled from M, S and B water treatment plants(WTP) located at Miryang, Nakdong, Han river, respectively. Six coagulants which have different levels of basicity and aluminum contents were used for this evaluation. High basicity of the coagulant helped to properly control coagulation processes for treating turbid and low alkali raw water. It was difficult for operators to determine optimum coagulant dose for high basicity coagulants, since residual turbidity tended to decrease continuously as coagulant dose increased. Turbidity removal efficiencies with high basicity coagulants(E and F) were higher than the other coagulants at ambient pH for the M WTP. Turbidity removal efficiencies, however, at adjusted pH 7.0 showed similar among six coagulants. Residual turbidity kept low at excess dosages with high basicity coagulants. Optimum coagulant dosages at adjusted pH 7.0 showed higher than those at ambient pH in M WTP. On the contrary in B WTP, optimum coagulant dosage at ambient pH were higher than that at adjusted pH 7.0.