• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2008

In general, it is considered that a pillar between closely-spaced tunnel is sensitive for stress concentration. Stability of a pillar is key factor for excavation of closely-spaced tunnel. In this paper, the study is focused on tracing the behaviors, displacement and plotting damages around tunnels that is modelled with Particle Flow Code, $PFC^{2D}$. Parametric study was performed with changing distance between center of tunnels and coefficient of earth pressure(K). Scaled-model tests were also carried out to validate a numerical analysis model. It was found that $PFC^{2D}$ could show dynamic visualized result in quite good agreement with the experimental test.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.1280-1290
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate the compression wave propagating in a high-speed railway tunnel, a numerical calculation was applied to the wave phenomenon occurring in a model tunnel. Unsteady, one-dimensional inviscid or viscous flows were solved by an explicit TVD scheme, and the calculated flows were compared with the results of measurement in real tunnels. Tunnel noises caused by emission of the compression wave were characterized in terms of excess pressure of compression wave, pressure gradient in the wave front and width of the compression wave. Calculated attenuation, pressure gradient and width of compression wave with the propagating distance agreed with the results of measurement in the real tunnels. The results also show that tunnel noises are proportional to the train velocity entering the tunnel.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제28권6D호
• /
• pp.931-936
• /
• 2008

지상LiDAR는 토탈스테이션에 비해 신속한 측량이 가능하기 때문에 터널의 내공단면 측량을 적기에 수행하고 중심선 오차와 여 미굴량 발생을 최소화할 수 있는 강점을 가지고 있어 지상LiDAR를 이용한 터널의 내공단면 측량 및 계측이 점점 증대되고 있으며 보다 효율적이고 정확한 지상LiDAR 활용을 위한 연구도 활발하게 진행 중이다. 현재 일반적으로 터널의 여 미굴량을 계산할 때 사용되는 양단면 평균법의 경우 기존 측량 방식인 토탈스테이션 및 사진측량 등과의 비교는 많이 이루어졌으나 터널 전체의 3차원 위치정보를 얻을 수 있는 지상LiDAR를 이용하여 터널의 내공단면을 측량 체적 및 여 미굴량을 구할 때 관측간격에 따른 기준이 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 시험터널에 대한 reverse engineering을 실시하여 터널 내공단면 측량 시 터널단면의 체적을 비교하여 가장 합리적인 간격을 결정하고 이 결과를 토대로 현재 설계 데이터가 존재하지 않는 시험터널에 대한 CAD도면을 제작하였다. 또한 지상LiDAR 기술의 정확도를 검증하기 위하여 토탈스테이션과의 비교를 통하여 타겟좌표 정확도, 입사각에 따른 정확도 분석을 실시하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.593-608
• /
• 2018

흙막이벽체 시공 중 버팀대에 문제가 발생하여 변형되거나 제 기능을 상실하게 되면 흙막이벽체에 과다한 변형의 원인이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 모형시험을 통해 시공 중 흙막이벽체의 버팀대 일부가 기능을 상실하게 되었을 때 흙막이 벽체의 거동특성 및 배면에 인접한 터널의 거동을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 흙막이벽체의 변형으로 인해 배면지반의 토압이 재배치되고 지표변위를 발생시켜 인접한 터널의 변형에 영향을 미쳤으며, 터널에서 가장 가까운 측벽에 위치한 버팀대를 제거하였을 때 흙막이벽체 변형 및 터널변형이 가장 크게 나타났다. 터널의 위치에 따른 평균 전이토압은 터널 심도가 0.65D에서 2.65D로 깊어짐에 따라 평균 25.6% 증가하였으며, 흙막이벽체와 터널과의 이격거리가 0.5D에서 1.0D로 증가함에 따라 전이토압이 평균 16% 증가하였다. 버팀대 제거에 따른 흙막이벽체의 수평변위는 제거되는 버팀대 부근에 집중되는 경향을 보였으며 버팀대 제거위치가 하부로 내려갈수록 수평변위는 비선형적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 터널 내공변위는 토피고 1.15D, 수평거리 0.5D일 때 최대 내공변위가 발생하였고, 토피고 2.65D, 수평거리 1.0D에서 최소 내공변위가 발생하였다. 가상파괴면이 터널의 중심부를 통과하는 범위인 토피고 1.15~1.65D, 수평거리 0.5D에서 터널의 내공변위가 크게 증가하는 것으로 검토되었으며, 최대 내공변위와 최소 내공변위의 차이는 약 2배 정도 발생하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1991년도 추계학술발표회 논문집 지반공학에서의 컴퓨터 활용 COMPUTER UTILIZATION IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
• /
• pp.133-151
• /
• 1991

본 논문에서는 서울지하철 NATM 터널 표준지보단면을 대상으로 실시한 유한요소해석 결과에 관하여 논술하였다. 터널 굴착단계별 해석에 따른 영향과 터널막장으로부터의 굴진거리에 의한 영향을 증점적으로 분석하였다. 터널 굴착단계별 하중조건을 적절히 반영할 수 있도록 지반특성곡선의 개념을 적용하여 터널굴착면 내부에 가상 지지압력을 재하하였다. 유한요소해석 결과에 대한 분석은 지반침하, 터널변위, 지중응력, 지보재 응력 등을 대상으로 실시되었다. 또한 터널 막장에 의한 3차원적 변위 억제효과 분석을 위하여 터널 변위 특성곡선 개념과 2차원적 축대칭 해석방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
• /
• pp.601-612
• /
• 2005

In mountainous area, Two parallel tunnels have been usually recognized as a road tunnel which has benefits in aspects of cost and stability. However, Design and construction of 2-Arch road tunnel are growing recently due to environmental destruction, compensation of land and difficulty of route separation. As studies are mainly undergoing on only guaranteeing stability and developing a waterproofing-drainage system to avoid water leakage through comprehension for characteristics of 2-arch tunnel behaviors, there is a tendency to evaluate quantity of support by empirical method with a tunnel which has a complicated cross-section and lack of construction ability. In this study, therefore, we made a plan of tunnel cross-section which had shown good construction ability and developed the waterproofing-drainage system which is able to solve the water leakage problem fundamentally by analyzing precedented 2-arch tunnels and investigating their sites in and out of nation. We also determined fixed quantity of support by a large-scale model test and numerical analysis. We want to contribute to 2-arch tunnel design hereafter introducing design procedure and method applied here.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
• /
• pp.829-834
• /
• 2009

Alluvial soil is one of the most difficult grounds for tunneling works due to the insufficient ground strength and excessive ground water inflow. Dduk island in Seoul has a wide alluvium developed by two rivers, Han and Jung-Ryang. Subway tunnel of $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ line planed across Dduk island has highly poor ground conditions due to small cover and deeply developed alluvium. Moreover, much part of this tunnel is located parallel to the bridge foundations of another railway with a small horizontal distance. Original design was done in 2002 and construction has been in progress. During the construction, tunnel design has been partly changed and adjusted for the complex ground condition and the demand from related organizations. This paper intend to introduce the urban tunnel design and construction in alluvial soils. This line could be divided three sections(A, B, C) according to ground and adjacent conditions. Section A is featured by mixed tunnel faces consisted with alluvial soils and weathered or weak rocks. The feature of section B is that tunnel underpasses near the bridge foundations of another subway. Lastly, section C with a very short length is the most difficult construction conditions due to the small cover, poor ground, obstacles on and underneath ground surface.

• 한국암반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국암반공학회 2008년도 국제학술회의
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2008

The longest tunnel has been halted at Daekwanryung by the failure of the host country of the Winter Olympiad in 2014, but modern High-Power TBM will come to Korea to excavate these long tunnels to establish the better horizontal connection between the western and eastern countries to improve the strong powerful logistic strategy of Korean peninsula. Train operation provides a key function of air movements in a long underground tunnel, and heat generation from transit vehicles may account of the most heat release to the ventilation and emergency systems. This paper indicates the optimal fire suppress services and safety provision for the long railway tunnel which is designed twin tunnel with length 22km in Gangwon province of Korea. The design of the fire-fighting systems and emergency were prepared by the operation of the famous long-railway tunnels as well as the severe lessons from the real fires in domestic and overseas experiences. Designers should concentrate the optimal solution for passenger's safety at the emergency state when tunnel fires, train crush accidents, derailment, and etc. The optimal fire-extinguishing facilities for long railway tunnels are presented for better safety of the comfortable operation in this hard rock tunnel of eastern mountains side of Korea. Since year 1900, hard rock tunnel construction has been launched for railway tunnels in Korea, tunnels have been built for various purposes not only for infrastructure tunnels including roadway, railway, subway, and but also for water and power supply, for deposit food, waste, and oils etc. Most favorable railway tunnel system was discussed in details; twin tunnels, distance of cross passage, ventilation systems, for the comfortable train operations in the future.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 도로터널에서의 화재발생 시 최적의 방재시스템을 구축하기 위하여 실제 터널의 축소모형을 대상으로 제트팬의 위치 및 운전방식에 따른 연기의 유동 및 교란을 가시화함으로서 연기의 전파특성을 고찰하여 제트팬 운전방식의 타당성을 연기의 농도 분포에 의하여 검토하였다. 실험 결과로 화원으로부터 상류방향으로 근접한 제트팬 운전 시에는 연기의 역류를 방지하기위하여 화원과 제트팬의 거리는 최소 50 m이상 이격시켜야 한다. 반면에 화원으로부터 하류방향으로 근접한 제트팬 운전 시에는 모든 조건에 대하여 연기의 편류가 발생하지 않으나 하류방향으로 흐르는 연기의 성층화에 영향을 주기 때문에 사용이 불가능하다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.50-58
• /
• 2011

To utilize wind resources effectively around buildings in urban area, the magnitudes of wind velocity and turbulence intensity are important, which means the need of the information about the relationship between the magnitude of wind velocity and that of fluctuating wind velocity. In the paper, wind-tunnel experiments were performed to provide the information about Characteristic of Wind flow around buildings with the spanwise distance and the side ratio of buildings as variables. For a single building with the side ratios of one and two, the average velocity ratio was 1.4 and the velocity standard deviation ratio ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 at the height of 0.02m at the corner of the windward side, in which flow separation occurred. For twin buildings with the side ratios of one and two, the velocity ratio ranged from 2 to 2.5 as the spanwise distance varied at the height of 0.02m, and the velocity standard deviation ratio varied near 1.25. For twin buildings with the side ratios of one and two, the maximum velocity ratio was 1.75 at the height of 0.6m, and the maximum velocity standard deviation ratio was 2.1. It was also found from the results of CFD analysis and wind-tunnel experiments that for twin buildings with the side ratios of one and two, the difference between the velocity ratio of CFD analysis and that of wind-tunnel experiments at streamwise distances was near 0.75.