• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2023

Exploring earth-abundant, highly effective and stable electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting is urgent and essential to the development of hydrogen (H₂) energy technology. Iron-cobalt layered double hydroxide (FeCo-LDH) has been widely used as an electrocatalystfor OER due to its facile synthesis, tunable components, and low cost. However, LDH synthesized by the traditional hydrothermal method tends to easily agglomerate, resulting in an unstable structure that can change or dissolve in an alkaline solution. Therefore, studying the real active phase is highly significant in the design of electrochemical electrode materials. Here, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as template precursors to derive FeCo-LDH from different iron sources. Iron salts with different anions have a significant impact on the morphology and charge transfer properties of the resulting materials. FeCo-LDH synthesized from iron sulfate solution (FeCo-LDH-SO₄) exhibits a hybrid structure of nanosheets and nanowires, quite different from other electrocatalysts that were synthesized from iron chloride and iron nitrate solutions. The final FeCo-LDH-SO₄ had an overpotential of 247 mV with a low Tafel-slope of 60.6 mV dec^-1 at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 and delivered a long-term stability of 40 h for the OER. This work provides an innovative and feasible strategy to construct efficient electrocatalysts.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.601-607
• /
• 2024

The discharge of oily wastewater into water bodies and soil poses a serious hazard to the environment and public health. Various conventional techniques have been employed to treat oil-water mixtures and emulsions; Unfortunately, these approaches are frequently expensive, time-consuming, and unsatisfactory outcomes. Porous materials and adsorbents are commonly used for purification, but their use is limited by low separation efficiencies and the risk of secondary contamination. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have driven the development of innovative materials and technologies for oil-contaminated wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials can offer enhanced oil-water separation properties due to their high surface area and tunable surface chemistry. The fabrication of nanofiber membranes with precise pore sizes and surface properties can further improve separation efficiency. Notably, novel technologies have emerged utilizing nanomaterials with special surface wetting properties, such as superhydrophobicity, to selectively separate oil from oil-water mixtures or emulsions. These special wetting surfaces are promising for high-efficiency oil separation in emulsions and allow the use of materials with relatively large pores, enhancing throughput and separation efficiency. In this study, we introduce a facile and scalable method for fabrication of superhydrophobic-superoleophilic felt fabrics for oil/water mixture and emulsion separation. AlN nanopowders are hydrolyzed to create the desired microstructures, which firmly adhere to the fabric surface without the need for a binder resin, enabling specialized wetting properties. This approach is applicable regardless of the material's size and shape, enabling efficient separation of oil and water from oil-water mixtures and emulsions. The oil-water separation materials proposed in this study exhibit low cost, high scalability, and efficiency, demonstrating their potential for broad industrial applications.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.316-323
• /
• 2019

대기 오염 물질 저감과 연소 효율 증가를 위해서 연소 환경 내 일산화탄소를 정밀하게 측정하는 것은 필수적인 요소이다. 일산화탄소(carbon monoxide, CO)는 불완전 연소 때 급격히 증가하며 질소산화물(nitrogen oxide, NOx)과 Trade-off 관계로 오염 물질 배출량과 불완전 연소 반응에 기여하는 중요한 가스종이다. 특히, 대형 연소 시스템 중 열처리로의 경우, 강판 표면위 산화층 형성을 억제하기 위해 과잉 연료 조건에서 환원 분위기로 운전이 진행된다. 이는 많은 양의 미연분 일산화탄소가 배출되는 원인이기도 하다. 하지만 연소 환경 내에서 일산화탄소 농도는 불균일한 연소 반응과 열악한 측정 환경으로 인하여 실시간 측정이 어렵다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서 광학적 측정 방식인 파장 가변형 다이오드 레이저 흡수 분광법(tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, TDLAS)이 각광을 받고 있다. TDLAS 기법은 열악한 현장 측정, 빠른 응답성, 비접촉식 방식으로 연소 환경 내 특정 가스종 농도 측정에 적합하다. 본 연구는 과잉 연료 조건에서 당량비 제어를 위한 연소시스템을 제작하였으며 연소 배기가스 생성을 위해 LPG/공기 화염을 이용하였다. 당량비 변화에 따른 CO 농도 측정은 TDLAS와 Voigt 함수 기반 시뮬레이션으로 분석하였다. 또한 연소 생성물로부터 간섭이 없는 CO 광 흡수 영역 확보를 위해 근적외선 영역의 4300.6 cm^-1을 선택하여 실험을 진행하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.1069-1077
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 선택적 산화 알루미늄(SAAO: Selectively Anodized Aluminum Oxide) 기판을 이용하여 2.5 GHz 8 W급 소형 GaN HEMT 전력 증폭기 모듈을 설계, 제작하였다. SAAO 기판 공정은 최근 Wavenics사에서 제안한 특허 기술로서, 알루미늄을 웨이퍼로 이용한다. 본 연구에 사용된 능동 소자는 최근 발표된 TriQuint사의 칩 형태 의 GaN HEMT이다. 최적의 임피던스는 수동 조정 소자가 내장된 지그를 사용하여 실험적으로 결정하였다. 결정된 임피던스를 이용하여, 입 출력 임피던스 정합 회로를 EM co-시뮬레이션을 이용하여 F급으로 설계를 수행하였으며, SAAO 기판에 구현하였다. 이때, 소형의 패키지(모듈)에 집적하기 위하여 인덕터와 커패시터는 각각 spiral inductor, single layer capacitor를 사용하였다. 소형으로($4.4{\times}4.4\;mm^2$) 패키지된 전력 증폭기 모듈의 경우, 출력은 8 W, 효율은 40 % 그리고 2차 및 3차 고조파에 대한 고조파 억제는 30 dBc 이상의 특성을 보였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.87-87
• /
• 2010

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems are promising methods of producing H2 gas using solar energy in an aqueous solution. The photoelectrochemical properties of numerous metal oxides have been studied. Among them, the PEC systems based on TiO2 have been extensively studied. However, the drawback of a PEC system with TiO2 is that only ultraviolet (UV) light can be absorbed because of its large band gap (3.2 - 3.4 eV). Two approaches have been introduced in order to use PEC cells in the visible light region. The first method includes doping impurities, such as nitrogen, into TiO2, and this technique has been extensively studied in an attempt to narrow the band gap. In comparison, research on the second method, which includes visible light water splitting in molecular photosystems, has been slow. Mallouk et al. recently developed electrochemical water-splitting cells using the Ru(II) complex as the visible light photosensitizer. the dye-sensitized PEC cell consisted of a dye-sensitized TiO2 layer, a Pt counter electrode, and an aqueous solution between them. Under a visible light (< 3 eV) illumination, only the dye molecule absorbed the light and became excited because TiO2 had the wide band gap. The light absorption of the dye was followed by the transfer of an electron from the excited state (S*) of the dye to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2 and its subsequent transfer to the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The electrons moved through the wire to the Pt, where the water reduction (or H2 evolution) occurred. The oxidized dye molecules caused the water oxidation because their HOMO level was below the H2O/O2 level. Organic dyes have been developed as metal-free alternatives to the Ru(II) complexes because of their tunable optical and electronic properties and low-cost manufacturing. Recently, organic dye molecules containing multi-branched, multi-anchoring groups have received a great deal of interest. In this work, tri-branched tri-anchoring organic dyes (Dye 2) were designed and applied to visible light water-splitting cells based on dye-sensitized TiO2 electrodes. Dye 2 had a molecular structure containing one donor (D) and three acceptor (A) groups, and each ended with an anchoring functionality. In comparison, mono-anchoring dyes (Dye 1) were also synthesized. The PEC response of the Dye 2-sensitized TiO2 film was much better than the Dye 1-sensitized or unsensitized TiO2 films.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.386-386
• /
• 2012

For white light emitting diode (LED) applications, it has been reported that Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) in nano-sized phosphor performs better than it does in micro-sized particles. This is because nano-sized YAG:Ce can reduce internal light scattering when coated onto a blue LED surface. Recently, there have been many reports on the synthesis of nano-sized YAG particles using bottom-up method, such as co-precipitation method, sol-gel process, hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, and glycothermal method. However, there has been no report using top-down method. Top-down method has advantages than bottom-up method, such as large scale production and easy control of doping concentration and particle size. Therefore, in this study, nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors were synthesized by a high energy beads milling process with varying beads size, milling time and milling steps. The beads milling process was performed by Laboratory Mill MINICER with ZrO2 beads. The phase identity and morphology of nano-sized YAG:Ce were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. By controlling beads size, milling time and milling steps, we synthesized a size-tunable and uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors which average diameters were 100, 85 and 40 nm, respectively. After milling, there was no impurity and all of the peaks were in good agreement with YAG (JCPDS No. 33-0040). Luminescence and quantum efficiency (QE) of nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors were measured by fluorescence spectrometer and QE measuring instrument, respectively. The synthesized YAG:Ce absorbed light efficiently in the visible region of 400-500 nm, and showed single broadband emission peaked at 550 nm with 50% of QE. As a result, by considering above results, high energy beads milling process could be a facile and reproducible synthesis method for nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.287.1-287.1
• /
• 2016

Three-dimensional (3-D) semiconductor nanoarchitectures, including nano- and micro- rods, pyramids, and disks, are emerging as one of the most promising elements for future optoelectronic devices. Since these 3-D semiconductor nanoarchitectures have many interesting unconventional properties, including the use of large light-emitting surface area and semipolar/nonpolar nano- or micro-facets, numerous studies reported on novel device applications of these 3-D nanoarchitectures. In particular, 3-D nanoarchitecture devices can have noticeably different current spreading characteristics compared with conventional thin film devices, due to their elaborate 3-D geometry. Utilizing this feature in a highly controlled manner, color-tunable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were demonstrated by controlling the spatial distribution of current density over the multifaceted GaN LEDs. Meanwhile, for the fabrication of high brightness, single color emitting LEDs or laser diodes, uniform and high density of electrical current must be injected into the entire active layers of the nanoarchitecture devices. Here, we report on a new device structure to inject uniform and high density of electrical current through the 3-D semiconductor nanoarchitecture LEDs using metal core inside microtube LEDs. In this work, we report the fabrications and characteristics of metal-cored coaxial $GaN/In_xGa_{1-x}N$ microtube LEDs. For the fabrication of metal-cored microtube LEDs, $GaN/In_xGa_{1-x}N/ZnO$ coaxial microtube LED arrays grown on an n-GaN/c-Al2O3 substrate were lifted-off from the substrate by wet chemical etching of sacrificial ZnO microtubes and $SiO_2$ layer. The chemically lifted-off layer of LEDs were then stamped upside down on another supporting substrates. Subsequently, Ti/Au and indium tin oxide were deposited on the inner shells of microtubes, forming n-type electrodes of the metal-cored LEDs. The device characteristics were investigated measuring electroluminescence and current-voltage characteristic curves and analyzed by computational modeling of current spreading characteristics.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.341-341
• /
• 2016

The discovery of light emission in nanostructured silicon has opened up new avenues of research in nano-silicon based devices. One such pathway is the application of silicon quantum dots in advanced photovoltaic and light emitting devices. Recently, there is increasing interest on the silicon quantum dots (c-Si QDs) films embedded in amorphous hydrogenated silicon-nitride dielectric matrix (a-SiNx: H), which are familiar as c-Si/a-SiNx:H QDs thin films. However, due to the limitation of the requirement of a very high deposition temperature along with post annealing and a low growth rate, extensive research are being undertaken to elevate these issues, for the point of view of applications, using plasma assisted deposition methods by using different plasma concepts. This work addresses about rapid growth and single step development of c-Si/a-SiNx:H QDs thin films deposited by RF (13.56 MHz) and ultra-high frequency (UHF ~ 320 MHz) low-pressure plasma processing of a mixture of silane (SiH4) and ammonia (NH3) gases diluted in hydrogen (H2) at a low growth temperature ($230^{\circ}C$). In the films the c-Si QDs of varying size, with an overall crystallinity of 60-80 %, are embedded in an a-SiNx: H matrix. The important result includes the formation of the tunable QD size of ~ 5-20 nm, having a thermodynamically favorable <220> crystallographic orientation, along with distinct signatures of the growth of ${\alpha}$-Si3N4 and ${\beta}$-Si3N4 components. Also, the roles of different plasma characteristics on the film properties are investigated using various plasma diagnostics and film analysis tools.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2002

티타늄 사파이어 레이저에 대한 활용도를 높기 위하여 4개의 거울로 구성된 Z-형태의 대칭형 레이저 공진기를 구성하여 넓은 파장가변성을 갖는 고효율 연속 발진 티타늄 사파이어 레이저를 제작하였다. 또한 Kerr-렌즈 모드-록킹(KLM)을 일으키기 위한 KLM 강도 및 공진기 모드 크기가 Kerr 매질을 포함하는 Z-형태의 대칭형 공진기에 대하여 공진기 내의 위치, 내부 공진기 레이저 출력 및 안정 파라메터 등에 의존함을 확인하였고, 이를 근거로 하여 펌핑 효율이 높고 KLM 강도가 강한 KLM 티타늄 사파이어 레이저를 제작하여 출력 특성, 펄스폭 및 스펙트럼 반치폭 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 연속 발진 티타늄 사파이어 레이저의 출력에 대한 기울기 효율은 31.3%이고, 5W의 Ar-이온 펌핑 레이저 출력에 대해 최대 1420㎽의 평균 출력을 얻을 수 있었으며, 파장가변 영역은 730㎚~908㎚까지 모두 700㎽ 이상의 평균 출력을 보였다. 자체-조리개 효과에 의한 KLM 동작 또한 쉽게 얻을 수 있었으며, KLM된 티타늄 사파이어 레이저로부터 출력에 대한 기울기 효율은 16%이고, 5W 펌핑 출력에 대해 최대 500㎽의 평균 출력을 얻었다. 또한 중심 파장 807㎚에서 스펙트럼 반치폭이 33㎚이며, 펄스 반복률이 82㎒인 27fs의 안정된 짧은 펄스를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.436-441
• /
• 2009

광섬유 센서는 구조 건전성 감시 분야에 적용되는 유망한 센서 시스템이다. 특히 광섬유 브래그 격자(FBG) 센서는 본 분야에 있어 가장 각광받는 센서들 중에 하나이다. 이러한 FBG 센서는 브래그 파장의 이 동량을 알아내는 방법에 따라 다양한 시스템 구성이 가능하다. 또한 센서 시스템의 동특성은 이러한 시스템에 의해 결정된다. 본 논문에서는 FBG 센서의 브래그 파장 스팩트럼 최대 경사부에 단일 파장 레이저의 중심 파장을 맞춰 놓을 경우, 센서의 경사도가 센서 감도로 작용할 수 있다는 측정 원리를 이용하였다. 이러한 원리는 전체 측정 범위의 한계는 있지만 높은 민감도를 보장한다. 본 측정 원리의 적용 예로서, FBG 센서를 삽입한 복합재 평판을 오토클래이브를 이용해 제작하고 앞서 설명한 측정 원리를 적용하였다. 첫째로 삽입된 FBG 센서를 이용해 충격 망치로 가격된 복합재 평판의 고유 진동수를 성공적으로 측정하였다. 둘째로 고출력 스피커를 이용해 앞서 측정된 고유진동수 중 하나의 특정 주파수로 복합재 평판을 강제 가진 시켰다. 이때 발생하는 구조 진동을 FBG 센서로 측정하였고 동시에 ESPI 측정 시스템을 이용해 진동 모드 형상 역시 성공적으로 측정하여 복합재 구조물의 동특성을 파악하였다. 따라서, 이러한 두 실험을 통해 FBG 센서 시스템과 ESPI 측정 시스템이 복합재 구조물의 동특성 측정에 매우 유용한 기술임을 증명하였다.