• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3519-3524
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• 2014

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. It has been hypothesized that Oct4 positive radioresistant stem cells may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Hence, we evaluated Oct4 expression in ESCC in pre-treatment, post neo-adjuvant residual and post-surgical recurrent tumours. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were used to study Oct4 expression and the observations were correlated with histological tumor grades, patient data and clinical background. Results: All patients presented with dysphagia with male predominance and a wide age range. Majority of the patients had intake of mixed diet, history of alcohol and tobacco intake was documented in less than half of the patients. Oct 4 expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated (PDSCC) and basaloid (BSCC) subtypes than the other better differentiated tumor morphology. Oct4 was also expressed by adjoining esophageal mucosa showing low grade dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Biopsies in PDSCC and BSCC groups were more likely to show a positive band for Oct4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dysplasia and BCH mucosa also showed Oct4 positivity by PCR. All mucosal biopsies with normal morphology were negative for Oct4. Number of tissue samples showing Oct4 positivity by PCR was higher than that by the conventional immunohistochemistry (p>0.05). Oct4 expression pattern correlated only with tumor grading, not with other parameters including the clinical background or patient data. Conclusions: Our observations highlighted a possible role of Oct4 in identifying putative cancer stem cells in ESCC pathobiology and response to treatment. The implications are either in vivo existence of Oct4 positive putative cancer stem cells in ESCC or acquisition of cancer stem cell properties by tumor cells as a response to treatment given, resulting ultimately an uncontrolled cell proliferation and treatment failure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2017

Assessing response to therapy allows for prospective end point evaluation in clinical trials and serves as a guide to clinicians for making decisions. Recent prospective and randomized trials suggest the development of imaging techniques and introduction of new anti-cancer drugs. However, the revision of methods, or proposal of new methods to evaluate chemotherapeutic response, is not enough. This paper discusses the characteristics of the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor (RECIST) version 1.1 suggested in 2009 and used widely by experts. It also contains information about possible dilemmas arising from the application of response assessment by the latest version of the response evaluation method, or recently introduced chemotherapeutic agents. Further data reveals the problems and limitations caused by applying the existing RECIST criteria to anti-cancer immune therapy, and the application of a new technique, immune related response criteria, for the response assessment of immune therapy. Lastly, the paper includes a newly developing response evaluation method and suggests its developmental direction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2002

Biologically Based Dose-Response (BBDR) models were developed using biomarkers for cancer risk assessment. To establish the relationship among biomarkers, exposure dose and tumor response, biomarkers in the lung, liver, stomach or blood were measured after a single or continuous administration of selected carcinogen (; BaP) in mice or rats.(omitted)

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2013

Oncolytic vaccinia virus is an engineered vaccinia virus that selectively destroys cancer cells and induces tumor immune response. Oncolytic vaccinia expressing mouse GM-CSF showed cytotoxic activity against various kinds of cancer cells when oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing human GM-CSF and mouse GM-CSF is intravenously administered in the mouse CT26 colon tumor model. Cancer cells treated with isolated immunoglobulin G from the serum with complement showed these cytotoxic activity and complement observed dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing mouse GM-CSF can increase oncolytic vaccinia virus by inducing anticancer antibody in a mouse tumor model. Further studies are needed on antitumor immunity of GM-CSF.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.100-102
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• 2018

A nine-year-old spayed female Turkish angora cat presented for evaluation of anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, ptyalism and jaundice. Based on clinical examinations including laboratory examinations, concurrent inflammatory condition of the biliary system, pancreas and intestines (triaditis) was suspected. The cat was under antibiotic and immune-suppressive therapy, but there was no response. Further examination revealed the possibility of malignant hepatobiliary tumor with pulmonary metastasis. The condition of the cat continued to deteriorate and the cat died 3 weeks after the diagnosis. This case demonstrates the clinical findings of triaditis combined with suspected malignant hepatobiliary tumor.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.867-872
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• 1989

Primary mediastinal immature teratoma is a rare germinal tumor which includes various elements of mature teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and seminoma in some proportions. The tumor is virtually restricted to young man and the response to surgery and radiotherapy are poor. Recently, we experienced a case of primary mediastinal immature teratoma with elevated serum [-HCG and [-fetoprotein in 18 years old man. The well-encapsulated mass, weighing 4.5 kg, was completely resected and then adjuvant combination chemotherapy was tried with Vincristine, Bleomycin, and Cisplatin. Radical excision of tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy would appear to produce better result than have been reported in other cases. The postoperative course was uneventful and the tumor markers were returned to normal range.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.162-169
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• 2018

$TGF-{\beta}$ signaling plays a tumor suppressive role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes tumor progression during the late stages of tumor development. The $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway is tightly regulated at various levels, including transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Ubiquitination of signaling components, such as receptors and Smad proteins is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Recent emerging studies have shown that some TRIM family proteins function as important regulators in tumor initiation and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of TRIM family proteins regulating the $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway with relevance to cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.432-436
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• 2007

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor that is difficult to clearly distinguish from an adenocarcinoma but usually has a poor prognosis. Numerous cytotoxic agents have been used in the primary treatment of MPM with limited success. A complete response is unusual and a partial response occurs in less than one-third of patients. Recently, a phase III trial showed that a combination of pemetrexed with cisplatin resulted in a significantly higher response rate and median survival time than with cisplatin alone. We encountered a case of a dramatic tumor response to pemetrexed/cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with MPM, which was resistant to the 1st-line gemcitabine/cisplatin therapy. After six cycles of pemetrexed/cisplatin combination chemotherapy, the tumor volume had decreased dramatically with complete symptom relief. There was no chemotherapy-related toxicity or scheduled violation. The patient is under maintenance chemotherapy with the same regimen.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.35.1-35.16
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• 2023

Defining the molecular dynamics associated with T cell differentiation enhances our understanding of T cell biology and opens up new possibilities for clinical implications. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of CD5 expression in CD8⁺ T cell differentiation and explored its potential clinical uses. Using PBMCs from 29 healthy donors, we observed a stepwise decrease in CD5 expression as CD8⁺ T cells progressed through the differentiation stages. Interestingly, we found that CD5 expression was initially upregulated in response to T cell receptor stimulation, but diminished as the cells underwent proliferation, potentially explaining the differentiation-associated CD5 downregulation. Based on the proliferation-dependent downregulation of CD5, we hypothesized that relative CD5 expression could serve as a marker to distinguish the heterogeneous CD8⁺ T cell population based on their proliferation history. In support of this, we demonstrated that effector memory CD8⁺ T cells with higher CD5 expression exhibited phenotypic and functional characteristics resembling less differentiated cells compared to those with lower CD5 expression. Furthermore, in the retrospective analysis of PBMCs from 30 non-small cell lung cancer patients, we found that patients with higher CD5 expression in effector memory T cells displayed CD8⁺ T cells with a phenotype closer to the less differentiated cells, leading to favorable clinical outcomes in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. These findings highlight the dynamics of CD5 expression as an indicator of CD8⁺ T cell differentiation status, and have implications for the development of predictive biomarker for ICI therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3565-3568
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• 2013

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common cancer in males in Thailand. The outcome is poor although systemic chemotherapy has been used in attempts to improve disease control, quality of life and prolong survival in patient with unresectable and advanced disease. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study the medical records of all patients diagnosed as having unresectable and metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and receiving systemic chemotherapy at Udonthani Cancer Hospital during January 2007 to December 2010 were reviewed. Results: Among the total of 105 patients, 21 received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and 84 5FU-based chemotherapy. Most received platinum doublet regimens. 5FU-based regimens yielded an overall response rate (tumor control) of 23.8% and a median survival of 7.2 months while gemcitabine-based regimens yielded an overall response rate (tumor control) 19.1% and a median survival of 10.0 months. Conclusions: Tumor control and survival of patient with advanced cholangiocarcinoma treated with gemcitabine-based and 5FU-based chemotherapy do not markedly differ.