• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

In today's fast-paced capitalistic society, a primary concern is whether to invest capital in any way to increase profits. In recent years, many companies have emphasized ethics and practiced corporate social responsibility activities. These activities are not only required to have at the end of the company. Bringing the ultimate goal of profit maximization is one way to contribute to the development of society and the economy. Investors are aware of corporate social responsibility activities and have begun to reflect this in their investments. We studied the behavior of a newly incorporated company's stock price on the KRX SRI Index using a scale that indicates the level of social responsibility for companies in the domestic stock market. Socially responsible investment involves an excellent company that looks out and looks for additional effects on the stock price of imports and improves the reliability of investors through an event study. The results show that the company we examined has a positive impact on the market. This study confirms the hypothesis that additional stock market reaction will occur when superior companies are newly incorporated in the KRX SRI Index and gain investors' trust. The results demonstrate that becoming a newly incorporated corporation in the KRX SRI Index is positive information to investors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

Purpose - This study analyzes the effects of types of leadership on the employees of Italian restaurants, its efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior, utilizing a causal assessment model. In this study, independent variables such as the type of leadership perceived in the manager or chef by an Italian restaurant's employees, and its efficacy were parameters, and the organizational citizenship behavior and organizational effectiveness were the variables representing the results in the hypothesis. The study aimed to draw implications by verifying the leadership via efficacy and the impact on organizational citizenship behavior of Italian restaurants. Research design, data, methodology - For the purpose of this analysis, specific questionnaire items were configured according to the theory and efficacy of the study. From a questionnaire used in organizational citizenship behavior comprising 22 questions, six were modified to suit the research purpose of this study. The configured questionnaire comprised 5 parts and 40 items. A Likert (Likert) 5-point scale was utilized to measure responses to the questionnaire items from the employees of an Italian restaurant in Seoul who participated in the survey. For data collection, 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 344 collected. Factor analysis and reliability verification were conducted using SPSS18.0 and AMOS18.0. A covariance structure analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results - Based on the results of the analyses, the summary and suggested implications of the research are as follows: The covariance structure analysis used to analyze the kind of effect transformational and transactional leadership styles in Italian restaurant employees had on self-efficacy, group-efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior, indicated that among the characteristics of transformational leadership (such as, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation), idealized influence and individual consideration had a positive influence on self-efficacy. Idealized influence, individual consideration, conditional reward, and management by exception also positively influenced self-efficacy and altruistic and conscientious behavior (organizational citizenship behavior). Conclusions - Results suggest that with regard to self-efficacy and group efficacy, managers in different departments and chefs should provide team members with a vision for the future, increase their confidence in their abilities, and build their trust in the organization. By evaluating employee performance and experiences, management can demonstrate leadership and encourage organizational citizenship behavior through enjoyable, voluntary participation. Transformational and transactional leadership is effective in group processes that include social-exchange relationships, self-efficacy and group efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior. However, as this research study utilizes only self-reported data, it has several limitations, such as a vulnerability of errors caused by the various experiment types. A significant limitation of this study is the lack of potential for the duplication of results. The covariance structure analysis, however, provides complementation to limit the impact of errors from self-reporting studies. A future study can extend this research by utilizing different data collection methods.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.157-183
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• 2016

Countries across the globe, including those in Europe, are waging a "war against terrorism" as international terrorist groups such as ISIS and lone-wolf terrorists have unleashed various large-scale attacks on rail infrastructure. Anti-South Korean sentiment exists in Muslim-majority countries because the nation has cooperated with the US for its military interventions in the Middle East, and ISIS has threatened to target South Korea four times since September 9, 2015. In addition, North Korea has been left isolated in the international community with its missile and nuclear tests, while further escalating inter-Korean tension and threatening to strike major facilities and attack important figures in the South. These situations imply that South Korea is no longer immune to terrorist attacks. If the nation fails to prevent or deter such terrorist attacks against rail networks, massive casualties, property damage and social confusion would be unavoidable, deteriorating national and international trust in its counter-terrorism policies. This may lead to a national crisis involving decreases in the number of tourists, dampened interest of foreign investors, and capital flight. This study aims to propose policy measures to enhance railroad security checks, based on the work of railroad police officers, for the sake of protecting citizens and public safety. The suggestions include an incremental expansion of railroad security checks; growth of the railroad police force and adjustment of their policing distribution with other police officers; enhancement of security systems across important rail networks; improvement of the Railroad Safety Act; Southeast Asia, including the corresponding strengthening of the national crackdown illegal immigrants, and plans for pre-emptive and regular cooperation among organizations related to the promotion of security checks and the prevention of terrorist attacks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2014

In this work, based on the blade element-momentum theory (BEMT), we proposed the geometry of a lab-scale horizontal axis tidal turbine with a diameter of 80cm, which can demonstrate the maximum power coefficient, and investigated the effect of blade pitch angle increase on the power coefficient. For validation of the computed power coefficients by the BEMT, we also computed the power coefficient using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for each case. For the CFD, 15 times of the turbine radius was used for the length and diameter of the computational domain, and the open boundary condition was prescribed at the boundary of the computational domain. The maximum power coefficients of the turbine acquired by the BEMT and CFD were about 48%, showing a good agreement. Both of the power coefficients computed by the BEMT and CFD tended to decrease when the blade pitch angle increases. The two power coefficients for a given tip-speed ratio were in good agreement. Through the present study, we have confirmed that we can trust the proposed geometry and the computed power coefficients based on the BEMT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 2011

This study attempted to understand the perception and the degree of trust that consumers had in the national agricultural food accreditation system, to inquire into and examine the consumers' perception of traditional food quality certification performed for the protection of excellent traditional food, and to propose the right direction for the policies on the traditional food quality certification system and the plans to improve consumers' perception of the system. According to the results of this survey performed in married women, based on the 'the recognition of accreditation system' and 'the recognition of certification marks' of 'the seventh national agricultural food accreditation system' presently being used by the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the household food purchasers showed high recognition for eco-friendly agricultural product accreditation, processed food KS certification, and organically processed food certification in that order. Meanwhile, it was shown that they indicated low recognition for the traditional food-related accreditation systems such as 'traditional food quality certification' and 'food grand master'. It was found that reliability of the certification mark provided by the agricultural food accreditation system gained 3.54 points (on a 5-point scale), and 68.1% of the study subjects referred to the certification marks while purchasing agricultural foods. And most of them answered to the question of 'why they referred to the certification marks' saying that it was done 'to choose safe food'. The most frequent answer to question of 'the means to recognize the traditional food quality certification system' was 'broadcasting, advertising'. 57.3% of the subjects had a previous experience of buying a product certified by the traditional food quality certification system, and 93.2% of all the subjects had the intention to buy a product certified by the traditional food quality certification system later. And most of them answered that 'strengthening government policies' would be the most ideal way to inform the public of the traditional food quality certification system. According to the results of this study, while 'relying on the traditional food quality certification system in general' was relatively high among the consumers, 'intention to buy quality certified products by visiting a distantly located store' was low; thus, from this analysis, it can be seen that there is a need for diversification of places selling these quality certified products and to establish a distribution network for these products.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of Dong-qi acupuncture on piriformis for herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD) of lumbar spine patients with piriformis muscles tenderness. Methods : This research was carried out on the 60 inpatients who received treatment for their HIVD of lumbar spine from January 1 to May 31, 2014 in DaeJeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine. We divided them into two groups ; group A(n=30) : common treatment on HIVD of L-spine without Dong-qi acupuncture on piriformis(acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herb medication, Chuna and physiotherapy), and group B(n=30) : common treatment on HIVD of L-spine with Dong-qi acupuncture on piriformis. We evaluated the treatment effect of each group on tenderness(checked by Algometer pressure), and with a numeric rating scale(NRS), and oswestry disability index(ODI). The evaluations of tenderness were performed 8 times : admission day, and on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th and 21st day after admission. The evaluations of NRS and ODI were performed 3 times : admission day, and on the 12th and 21st day after admission. The statistical significance was evaluated by SPSS 18.0 for Windows. Results : In group B, tenderness was significantly decreased compared with group A. The difference of tenderness from admission day to the 12th day showed significant reduction compared with group A. Conclusions : Dong-qi acupuncture is more effective in reducing piriformis muscle tenderness in the early stages of treatment. We expect that patients who receive Dong-qi acupuncture will be satisfied with Korean medical treatment and trust their doctor.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

This study aimed to explore the relationship between Intelligent Robot Reacher(IRT)-student by examining the factors of their relationship perceived by middle school students. In doing so, we developed questionnaires based on the existing teacher-student relationship scale and conducted an online survey of 283 first graders in middle school. The collected date were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses with SPSS 23 and confirmatory factor analysis with Amos 21. The study findings identified four factors of IRT-student relationship namely "trust", "competence", "emotional exchange", and "tolerance". It is expected that the study can be used to discuss ways to enhance educationally significant interaction between students-IRT and teaching methods using intelligent robots(IRs). Also, the study will contribute to the understanding and development of various services using IRs. Based on the study finidngs, future studies should investigate the perception of various education stockholders (teachers, parets, etc) on IRT to elevate the Human-Robot Interaction in the education field.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.93-116
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• 2009

As the popularity of logistics service outsourcing has been continuously growing, one of the most frequently addressed issues is how to estimate the effect of cost reduction for users and profit gains from outsourcing contract for providers. Many manufacturing companies agree that logistics outsourcing helps to reduce their operating costs, but some other companies still do not achieve the cost saving or do not trust logistics service providers, so they keep up in-house logistics operations. On the other hand, logistics service providers have low profitability from domestic business activities since they should meet the requirements for highly customized and diverse services from customers and unstable market situation. This study provided the status report dealing with logistics service contracts in Korea. From the focused group interview with logistics professionals, we found out that service scope, scale and cost structure are the most influential factors affecting logistics service contracts. Also, logistics service providers are more sensitive than users regarding value-added logistics service, contract duration and process. Moreover, this study also proposed the standard clauses for logistics service contract and types of logistics contract applied in current logistics fields. As a result, it is expected that these achievements from this study can be utilized to improve the satisfaction of logistics outsourcing in upgrading service quality and customer service level.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.641-646
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• 2018

Purpose : The aim of this research was to clarify the difference in awareness of food safety and what they feel as dangerous among parents in Japan, China, and Korea and how they are different among the nations. Methods : Research subjects were 250 parents in Japan, 181 parents in China, 166 parents in Korea whose children attend a child institution or a day care center. We conducted a questionnaire survey that was self-written and anonymous. Results : Parents in Japan feel safer than Korea and China, and parents in Korea feel safer than China about food that are sold generally. Especially, in China, the average of 5 level scale was lower than the median so it shows that people do not trust food that are sold in the market. All 3 countries tend to have the awareness that "pesticide that is over the standard amount is detected from vegetables in China" and "vegetable grown without pesticides and organic produce are safe" and showed no significant difference. Also, there was a significant difference statistically for the awareness that "it makes it easier to get cancer if you eat food that contain radiation" and "there is a possibility that seafood caught near Japan contain radiation". Parents in Japan emphasize that "the price is low" the most and it was significantly higher than in China and Korea. Also, similar to parents in Japan, parents in Korea tend to emphasize that it is "domestic". On the other hand, it verified that parents in China emphasized "the meat or fish is grown without antibiotics" and "it uses vegetable grown without pesticides".

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.107-145
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• 2023

The first edition of 'A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer' was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. This second edition consists of two parts: standard data elements and conditional data elements. The standard data elements contain the basic pathologic findings and items necessary to predict the prognosis of GC patients, and they are adequate for routine surgical pathology service. Other diagnostic and prognostic factors relevant to adjuvant therapy, including molecular biomarkers, are classified as conditional data elements to allow each pathologist to selectively choose items appropriate to the environment in their institution. We trust that the standardized pathology report will be helpful for GC diagnosis and facilitate large-scale multidisciplinary collaborative studies.